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COMPLEX NUMBER
[ BASIC, AMPLITUDE OR ARGUMENT, MODULUS, LOCUS, EULARS FORM,
CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY ]



By:- Nishant Gupta
For any help contact:
9953168795, 9268789880
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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880


1. In this chapter we deal with non- real numbers & for this purpose we define a number 1 = i
( IOTA)
2. i
2
= -1 , i
3
= - i , i
4
= 1 in general i
n
= i, -1, -i , 1 according as n = 4k +1, 4k+2, 4k +3, 4k +0
3. Sum of four consecutive powers of i is always zero.
4. Multiplication of a complex no. with i(Iota) means rotation by t / 2 in anticlockwise direction
5. Complex Number is of the form z = a + ib ,
a & b are known as REAL & IMAGINARY PART respectively
6. Conjugate of z = a + ib is z = a - ib , &
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
1
Z
Z
=
2
1
Z
Z

7. Modulus of z = a + ib is |z| =
2 2
b a + & z z = |z|
2
,
2
1
2
1
z
z
z
z
=
8. Equality of Complex Numbers : a1 + ib1 = a2 + ib2 a1 = a2 & b1 = b2
9. Inequality is not defined in complex numbers
10. Amplitude or argument of z = a + ib is given by tanu = b/a =
part al Re
part ginary Im

Principal value of argument ( o ) Find u = tan
-1
a
b

If z lies in first quadrant then o =
If z lies in 2
nd
quadrant then o = t -
If z lies in 3
rd
quadrant then o = -t
If z lies in 4
th
quadrant then o = -
argument or amplitude behaves like log i.e.
) (z arg - ) arg(z ) /z (z arg
) (z arg ) arg(z ) z (z arg
2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
=
+ =
, arg z
n
= n arg , arg z = - arg z

11. Polar form z = r ( cos + i sin ) , r is modulus & is argument or amplitude
12. Euler's form e
iA
= cos A + i sin A is quite useful.
So i = e
i
t
/2
& -1 = e
i
t

(remember these)
13. Loci (most important)
COMPLEX NUMBER
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| z z1 | is line segment joining points z & z1
2
1
z z
z z

=k , k = 1 implies straight line perpendicular bisector of line joining z1 & z2

while k = 1 implies that it is circle
0 c z A z A = + + represents a straight line whose slope is -
A
A

| z z1 | = r represents a circle with center z1 & radius r
0 c z A z A z z = + + + represents a circle with center A and radius c A
2

| z z1 | =
A 2
c z A z A + +
represents parabola with focus z 1 & directrix c z A z A + +
|z z1| + |z - z2| = 2b, where b is + ve constant, ( z1 & z2 are foci )
& if 2b> |z1 z2 | then it represents a ellipse
2b= |z1 z2 | straight line
2b< |z1 z2 | nothing real
|z z1| - |z - z2| = 2b, where b is +ive constant , ( z1 & z2 are foci )
& if 2b < |z1 z2 | then it represents hyperbola
2b= |z1 z2 | straight line
2b> |z
1
z
2
| nothing real
argument
2
1
z z
z z

= u then u = t , it represents straight line

= 0 , Pair of straight lines
otherwise it is a circle ( arc )
|z z1|
2
+ |z - z2|
2
=K represents a circle if K > 1/2 | z1 - z2|
2
14. Square root of z = a + ib is
(
(

+
+

2
a z
i
2
a z

15. For equilateral triangle with vertices z1, z2, z3 =
2 1
2
1
z z z ; =

0
z z
1
2 1

16. For regular polygon with z1, z2, zn as vertices
2 2
1
nz z = where z is centroid
17. (a) |Z1 + Z2 |
2
= |Z1|
2
+ |Z2|
2
+ 2R (Z1
2
Z )= |Z1|
2
+ |Z2|
2
+ 2 Z1 Z2cos (u 1-u 2)
(b) |Z1 - Z2|
2
= |Z1|
2
+ |Z2|
2
- 2R (Z1
2
Z )= |Z1|
2
+ |Z2|
2
- 2 Z1 Z2cos (u 1-u 2)
18. Triangular Inequalities
(a) |Z1 + Z2 | s |Z1 | + |Z2| (b ) |Z1 - Z2 | s |Z1 | + |Z2| (c) |Z1 - Z2 | > | ( | Z1 | - |Z2 | )|

NOT IN AIEEE SYLLABUS
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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

19. Cube roots of unity 1 ,
2
3 i 1
are the three Cube roots of unity
Complex roots (
2
3 i 1+
&
2
3 i 1
) are denoted by w , w
2

& are SQUARE, RECIPROCAL & CONJUGATE of each other )
IMPORTANT relations 1+ w + w
2
= 0 & w
3
=1
20. n th root of Z = r (cosu + i sin u) is

(

u + t
+
u + t
n
p 2
sin i
n
p 2
cos r
n
1
where p = 0, 1, 2, ----, n - 1 .
Properties : (a) Product of n nth roots unity is (-1)
n-1
(b)

Sum of n nth roots unity is ZERO
(c) n nth roots unity form a G.P.
(d) n z . .......... z z z
p
n
p
3
p
2
p
1
= + + + + if p is a multiple of n = 0 if p is not a multiple of n
where z . .......... z , z , z
n 3 2 1
are n nth roots of unity.
(e) All the nth roots lie on a unit circle & divides its circumference in n parts making a
regular polygon with each exterior angle 2t/n








































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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880


BASIC
1. ( ) |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ +
4
4
3
3
i
1
i
i
1
1 i 1 is equal to
(a) 12i (b) 12 i
(c) 16 (d) 12
2.
( )
( )
15
13
i 1
i 1

+
is equal to
(a) i (b) i /2
(c) 1/2 (d) N/T
3. The expression
2 n
n
) i 1 (
) i 1 (

+
is equal to
(a)
1 n
i
+
(b)
2 n
i


(c)
1 n
i 2

(d) none of these
4. n e N, then (1 i)
n
(1
i
1
)
n
is
(a) 0 (b) 2 i
n

(c) 2
n
(d) 4
n
5. If
ix 1
) ix 2 1 )( ix 1 (

+ +
is purely real, then x is
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) None of these
6. If a + ib = (c + id)
1/3
then 4(a
2
b
2
) is
(a)
d
c
b
a
+ (b)
d
b
c
a
+
(c)
b
d
a
c
+ (d) N/T
7. Area of triangle formed by 1+ i , i- 1 , 2i is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d)

8. Square root of 3i is
(a) ( ) i 1
2
1
+ (b) ( ) i 1
2
3
+
(c) ( ) i 1
2
3
(d) N/T
9. If | z 1

| = | z 2

| + | z 1

- z 2 | then arg( z1) arg
(z 2 ) is
(a) 0 (b) /2
(c) /2 (d) N/T
10. If o and | are different complex numbers
with 1 = | , then
| o
o |
1
is equl to:
(a) 1 (b) 1/2
(c) 1 (d) 2
11. 4,If z = 1+ i , inverse of z
2
is
(a) 2i (b) i
(c) i /2 (d) - i / 2
12. 1, If one root of the equation z
2
+ (a + i)
z + b + ic = 0 be real, when a, b eR, then c
2
+
b - ac is equal to
(a) 0 (b) - 1
(c) 1 (d) N/T

AMPLITUDE OR ARGUMENT
13. Amp
3
o
6
o
I 1
I 3
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
is
(a) /4 (b) /6
ASSIGNMENT
COMPLEX NUMBER
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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(c) /3 (d) N/T

14. The argument of
3 i 1
3 i 1
+

is :
(a)
3
t
(b)
3
2t

(c)
3
7t
(d)
3
4t

15. Z1, Z2 & Z3, Z4 are two conjugate pairs of
complex no. then arg (Z1/Z4) + arg (Z2/Z3) is
(a) 0 (b) 2 / t
(c) 2 / 3t (d) N/T
16. If iB A ) ib a ).......( ib a )( ib a (
n n 2 2 1 1
+ = + + +
then
|
|
.
|

\
|

=

i
i
n
1 i
1
a
b
tan is :
(a)
A
B
(b) |
.
|

\
|
A
B
tan
(c) |
.
|

\
|

A
B
tan
1
(d) |
.
|

\
|

B
A
tan
1

17. If z ( 2 2 i3 )
2
= i ( 3 + i )
4
then arg ( Z )
is
(a) 5/3 (b) 5/6
(c) /6 (d) 11/6
18. { sin ( log i
i
) }
3
+ { cos ( log i
i
) }
3

(a) 1 (b) -1
(c) 2 (d) 2i
19. If |Z1| = |Z2| & amp(Z1) + amp(Z2) = 0 then
(a) Z1 = Z2 (b)
2
_
1
Z Z =
(c) Z1 + Z2 = 0 (d) N/T
20. If z = a + ib satisfies arg (z -1) =
arg (z + 3i ), then ( a-1) : b is equal to
(a) 2:1 (b) 1 : 3
(c) -1:3 (d) N/T

MODULUS
21. If 7 | 5 Z | s + then min. & max. |Z+2|
(a) 2, 10 (b) 4, 15
(c) 0, (d) N/T


22. Let the complex number z satisfy the equation
| z + 4i| = 3. Then the greatest and least
values of | z + 3| are
(a) 2, 8 (b) 2, 5
(c) 5, 8 (d) N/T
23. Area of region in Argand plane in which z
can lie , satisfying 1 & 4 1 z s s Z +

Z
2 > is
(a) 15 (b) 15/ 2
(c) (d) N/T
24. | z 4 | > | z 2 | represents
(a) Re(z) < 3 (b) Re(z) >3
(c) Re(z) > 2 (d) Re(z) <0
25. If | z1 1| <1 & | z2 2| < 2 then | z1 + z2 | is
(a) < 3 (b) > 1
(c) lies in ( 0,6) (d) N/T


26. If | z + 6/z | = 5 ,then maximum | z | is
(a) 6 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d)5
27. Maximum of z satisfying 2
z
4
z = , is
(a) 5 -1 (b)5
(c) 5 +1 (d) N/T
28. If | z-1| + |z + 3 | 8 s then | z 8 | lies in
(a) ( 0 , 8 ) (b) [ 0 , 8 ]
(c) [ 1 , 9 ] (d) [ 5 , 9 ]
29. If |Z1| = |Z2| = ----- |Zn| = 1 then |Z1+Z2+----+Zn|
(a) n (b) 0
(c) |1/Z1+1/Z2--- 1/Zn| (d) N/T

LOCUS
30. If z = x + iy and | z 2i | = 1, then z lies on
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis
(c) a circle (d) parabola
31. If Re ( z
2
) = 0 , locus of z is
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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(a) an ellipse (c) a circle
(b) pair of st lines (d) hyperbola.

32. If |Z +

Z | + |Z

Z | = 2 then Z lies on
(a) St line (b) Square
(c) Ellipse (d) N/T
33. If 1
3
7
=

+
Z
Z
then locus of Z is a line
(a) || to X-axis (b) || to Y-axis
(c) 60 with X-axis (d) N/T
34. If =
i
3
1
z
z

and | | = 1, then z lies on

(a) an ellipse (c) a circle
(b) a straight line (d) a parabola.
35. Locus of Z satisfying amp |
.
|

\
|
+

4
3
Z
Z
= 3 / t
(a) Ellipse (b) Circle
(c) Parabola (d) N/T
36. If z = x + iy, then the equation m
1 z
i z 2
=
+

represents a circle when m =
(a) 1 / 2 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
37. Locus of z satisfying |z -1| + |z - i| = 2 is
(a) Ellipse (b) St.line
(c) circle (d) N/T
38. |z -2i| + |z +2 i | < 5 represents an ellipse
whose major axis lie along
(a) Real axis (b) Imaginary axis
(c) y =x (d) y = -x
39. The region of Argand diagram defined by |
z 1| + | z + 1 | 4 is
(a) Interior of an ellipse
(b) Exterior of a circle
(c) Interior and boundary of an ellipse
(d) None of these.
40. If | z | = 1 & z = 1 , then all values of
2
z 1
z

lie on
(a) a line not through origin
(b) | z | = 2
(c) x- axis (d) y- axis
41. x +
10
cos 2
x
1 t
= then x
5
+ 1/x
5
is
(a) 0 (b) 32
(c) 10 (d) N/T
42. The number of integral solutions of
(1- i )
2
x
= 4
x
, is
(a) Infinite (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 0

EULARS FORM
43. If z k = cos
20
k
sin i
20
k t
+
t
, then z1 z2 z3 z4 is
(a) 1 (b) i
(c) 2 (d) 2
44.
8
8
cos i
8
Sin
8
cos i
8
Sin
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
t

t
t
+
t

(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) N/T
45.

=
|
.
|

\
| t

t
16
1 n
17
n 2
sin i
17
n 2
cos
(a) 0 (b) i
(c) 1 (d) N/T
46. 1+
( ) ( )
)
`

t +
+
t +

=
15
1 k 2
Sin i
15
1 k 2
cos
14
0 k
is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) i (d) i
47.
n
1 m
1 r
1 n 4
1 m
m
r 2
cos i
m
r 2
sin
(
(

|
.
|

\
| t

t


=
+
=
is

(a) independent of n (b) purely real
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Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(c) purely imaginary (d) N/T
48. Let z and e be two non-zero complex
numbers such that | z | = | e | and arg (z) +
arg (e) = t, then z equals
(a) e (b) e
(c) e (d) e
49. If z and w are two non-zero complex
numbers such that | z w | = 1, arg (z ) arg
(w) = / 2, then z w is equal to
(a) - i (b) 1
(c) - 1 (d) i



CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY
50. Cube roots of unity
(a) are collinear
(b) lie on a circle of radius 3
(c) form an equilateral triangle
(d) none of these.
51. If Z is non real root of
7
1 then Z
86
+ Z
175
+
Z
289
is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) N/T
52. If Z1, Z2, ---- Z10 the 10
th
roots of unity
then
50
i
10
1 i
Z

=
is
(a) 0 (b) 50
(c) 5 (d)N/T
53. If
3
e
=1 and e
=
1, then the value of
(1 + e)(1 + e
2
) (1 + e
4
) (1 + e
8
) is
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) N/T
54. If
3
e
=1 and e
=
1, then the value of
(1 + e)(1 + e
2
) (1 + e
4
) (1 + e
8
)(1+e
12
) is
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) N/T
55. If ) 1 = e be a cube root of unity and
e + = e + B A ) 1 (
7
, then A and B are
respectively:
(a) 0, 1 (b) 1, 1
(c) 1, 0 (d) 1, 1
56. & are roots of x
2
+ x + 1 = 0 then
equation with roots
19
&
7
is
(a) x
2
- x 1 = 0 (b) x
2
- x +1 = 0
(c) x
2
+ x 1 = 0 (d) x
2
+x +1 = 0
57. tan t |
.
|

\
|
e + e +
499 500
4
5
is
(a) 2 3 (b) 2+ 3
(c) 1 (d) 1
58. ) 1 (
2
e + e ) 1 (
4 2
e + e n 2 )..... 1 (
8 4
e + e
terms is
(a)
n
4 (b)
n 2
4
(c)
4
) w 4 ( (d) None of these



ANSWER (COMPLEX NUMBER)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
c d c c a c b b a a d a a d a c d b b b
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
a a b a c c c c c c c b b c b c a b c d
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
d c b c c a c d a c b d a d b d d a

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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880