ABAP Programming Overview

ABAP Course Outline

Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter

Introduction to ABAP List Processing in ABAP Open SQL & Internal Table Event-driven Programming & Selection Screen Chapter 5 : Modularization & Catch Statement Chapter 6 : Message, Debugging, File Transfer and Type Group

1 2 3 4

: : : :

ABAP Chapter 1

Introduction to SAP Architecture ABAP Overview Data Object in ABAP

SAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server

SAP GUI SAP GUI SAP GUI

Presentation Server

SAP Application Server

DB Server

SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture)

SAP GUI SAP GUI

Presentation Layer
(Windows based)

SAP Instance

Application Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)
Request Queue

Dispatcher

M
SAP Buffer (Shared Mem)

E G

Database Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)

Oracle Informix DB2 MS SQL Server MaxDB

Database Server

Dialog Processing

SAP System : Dialog Processing

SAP GUI
Report zpsm1.

Request

Tables customers.

Application Server
Store request to queue
3

Send Request

Generate Screen(List)
10

List

Select single * from customers where id = 1. Write: / customers-name.

Dispatcher
Send List
2 9

Search for free WP

SAP Buffer
Program Table

Request Queue Send request to WP

4

Check Program in Program Buffer

5

Execute ABAP statement

D
8

D
SQL Request

D
6

Load&Gen Program

Database Server

Dialog Work Process Architecture

Dialog Work Process TaskHandler Local Memory
Memory Space

ABAP Processor
List buffer

DYNPRO Processor DB Interface

Result Set Memory

Database Server

ABAP Programming Overview

ABAP Overview
MOVE DATA ...

IF ...
WHILE... SEARCH ... SELECT ... LOOP AT ...

WRITE ...

*Comment...
DO ...

ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming

ABAP Feature

Declaring data with various types and structure Operational elements for data manipulation Control elements for controlling the program flow Event elements for reacting to external events

ABAP

Operating/Database system-independent programming ABAP contains a subset of SQL called Open SQL for comfortable database access for various database

ABAP Programming

ABAP Report Dialog Programming(Transaction)

ABAP Program : Report

Report Program
: attribute type 1 (executable)

Reading
Data

Database

Reading data

Types of ABAP Report

1 3

1. Report Listing

2. Drill-down Report 3. Control-break Report 4. ALV Report

ABAP Program : Dialog Program

Dialog Program
: attribute type M (Module Pool)

Reading
Data

Writing

Database

Reading and changing data

Dialog Program : Transaction

ABAP Programming

How to create ABAP program

Transaction Code : SE38

Transaction : SE38

Program Attribute

ABAP Editor

The Structure of the Language

Each statement must end with a period

DATA tmp TYPE I. WRITE Hello World. WRITE OK.

Literal
DATA tmp TYPE I. WRITE Hello World. WRITE 10. Text Literal
Text Literal

MOVE 9 TO tmp.
Numeric Literal

Chained Statements

Successive statements that have the same string segment can be combined to form a single chained statement To do so, you specify the identical starting segment once and conclude it with a colon (:), the remaining segments are then listed, separated by commas (,) and concluded with a period (.) At runtime, a chained statement is treated like an equivalent sequence of individual ABAP statements

Chained Statements
WRITE Hello World. WRITE OK. = WRITE: Hello World, OK. DATA tmp1 TYPE I. DATA tmp2 TYPE C. = DATA: tmp1 TYPE I, tmp2 TYPE C.

Chained Statement

MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp1. MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp2. MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp3. = MOVE sy-subrc TO: tmp1, tmp2, tmp3.

Chained Statement

PERFORM cal_1 USING a1 a2. PERFORM cal_1 USING a3 a4. = PERFORM cal_1 USING: a1 a2, a3 a4.

Comments
* This is full line comment WRITE Hello World. Write data (partial line comment) WRITE Test.

ABAP Command : Case Sensitivity

ABAP command is not case sensitive

WRITE Hello World. WriTe Hello World. wRiTE Hello World.

Data Objects in ABAP

Data Objects in ABAP

Memory Space
Variable Structure

Table Structure

Internal Table

Constants

<Field-symbols>

Variable

Variable

Variables can be declared at any point in a program Variables can be up to 30 characters in length REPORT ZTEST. DATA firstname TYPE STRING. firstname = John.

Predefined ABAP Data Types

Type
C
D F I N P T X String xstring

Description
Character Date Floating Point Integer Numeric Text

Initial Value
Space
00000000 0.0 0 0 0 000000 00 Space Blank string

Length
1 65535 8 characters 8 bytes 4 bytes 1 65535 1 16 bytes 6 characters 1 65535

Packed Decimal
Time Hexadecimal

Variable-length
Variable-length Hexadecimal

Variable
Variable

Defining Variable with DATA Statement

* Syntax DATA var[(length)] [Type type] [Decimals number]. DATA var LIKE Table-Field [VALUE initial value].

Defining Variable with DATA Statement

* Data Declaration DATA: tmp(10) TYPE C, tmp1 TYPE I, tmp2(8) TYPE P DECIMALS 2 VALUE 1.50. DATA: tmp3(5) TYPE N, tmp4.

Defining Variable with DATA Statement

* Data Declaration DATA customerno LIKE customers-id. DATA matnr LIKE mara-matnr.

DATA customerno TYPE customers-id. DATA matnr TYPE mara-matnr.

ABAP Predefined Data Types

ABAP Predefined Data Types

Complete Types (I,F,D,T,STRING and XSTRING)

Incomplete Types (C,N,P and X)

Variable

Data Type C,N and X length between 1 65535 (Default 1) DATA tmp(10) TYPE C. Data Type P length between 1 16 (Default 8) and decimals length between 0 31 DATA tmp(5) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. Data Type I value between 231 to 231 1 or 2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
DATA tmp TYPE I. tmp = 1000000.

Data type N
data tmp(5) type N. tmp = Xca9yy23K6.

ABAP Error
ABAP Error
Syntax Error
Runtime Error

User Runtime Error

System Runtime Error

Cannot Allocate Space

Time Exceed (10 Minutes)

User Runtime Error

DATA result TYPE i. result = 10 / 0.

System Runtime Error : Space Allocation

System Runtime Error : Time Exceed

Non-elementary Type

* Data Declaration TYPES tname(30) TYPE c. DATA: customer_name TYPE tname, firstname TYPE tname.

Value Assignment
* Value assignment DATA: name1(30), first_num TYPE I, next_num TYPE I. MOVE XXXX TO name1. MOVE 5 TO first_num. COMPUTE next_num = first_num + 5. name1 = SAP. ADD 1 TO next_num.

Value Assignment
* Value assignment DATA: tmp1 TYPE i, tmp2 TYPE i. tmp1 = tmp2 = 10.

 firstname lastname firstname lastname firstname lastname

ABAP Practice

Structure

Structure

* Syntax DATA BEGIN OF <structure name>. DATA field1. DATA field2. DATA END OF <structure name>.

Structure
wa
id name * Syntax 00000000 DATA BEGIN OF wa. DATA id LIKE customers-id. DATA name LIKE customers-name. DATA city LIKE customers-city. DATA END OF wa. MOVE 9 TO wa-id. WRITE wa-id. city

Defining Structure (Include Structure)

* Include Structure DATA BEGIN OF wa. INCLUDE STRUCTURE customers. DATA tel(7). DATA END OF wa.

Defining Structure
* LIKE option DATA wa LIKE customers. wa-id = 1. wa-name = John. WRITE: wa-id, wa-name.

 Structure myname firstname lastname firstname lastname myname firstname Structure lastname

ABAP Practice

Constants

Constants

* Constant variable CONSTANTS max_no TYPE I VALUE 999. DATA counter TYPE I VALUE max_no. WRITE: max_no, counter.

Constants Using Example

* Constant variable CONSTANTS ctext(11) TYPE C VALUE Hello World. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext.

System Fields

The system fields (structure syst) are filled by the runtime environment. You can use them to query the system status in an ABAP program You should access them only for reading

syst-datum

sy-datum sy-uzeit sy-datlo sy-timlo sy-mandt sy-subrc

= Current date of application server = Current time of application server = Current date of SAP GUI = Current time of SAP GUI = Current client logon = Return value of ABAP statement

ABAP System Fields : Structure SYST (SE11)

DATE
* Fixed Length 8 * Include Representation YYYYMMDD DATA today TYPE D. today = sy-datum. WRITE today. today = 19991231. WRITE today.

TIME

* Fixed Length 6 * Format HHMMSS DATA times TYPE T. times = sy-uzeit. WRITE times. HHMMSS

MOVE Statement

DATA wa LIKE customers. DATA vender LIKE customers. wa-id = 1234. wa-name = Test#1. vender = wa. MOVE wa TO vender. WRITE: wa-id, vender-name.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING Statement
DATA: begin of wa1, f1,f2,f4, end of wa1. DATA: begin of wa2, f2,f1,f3, end of wa2. MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa1 TO wa2. WRITE: wa1-f1,wa2-f1 .

Field-symbols

Field-symbols
Data: name(4) Value Test, num Type I Value 10, today Type D Value 19980429. Field-symbols <temp>. Assign name To <temp>. Write <temp>. Assign num To <temp>. Write <temp>. Assign today To <temp>. Write <temp>.

Field-symbols : UNASSIGN
data: name(4) Value Test, field-symbols <temp>. assign name To <temp>. write <temp>. unassign <temp>.

CLEAR Statement
Clear statement sets a field to an initial value appropriate for its type
CLEAR <data object>.

Example: DATA tmp type i value 9. tmp = 10. CLEAR tmp.

CLEAR Structure
DATA wa like customers. CLEAR wa.

ABAP Report : Program Structure

Report ztest. *Data objects declaration data ... data begin of ... *Program Logic(Data objects processing) write .

ABAP Practice