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Lecture 10 - Fourier Transform

This document is a lecture on Fourier transforms. It begins by defining the forward and inverse Fourier transforms for aperiodic signals. It then discusses the connection between Fourier transforms and Laplace transforms. It provides examples of Fourier transforms of common functions like the unit rectangular window function, unit triangle function, and interpolation sinc function. It also gives the Fourier transforms of a unit impulse, constant signal, sinusoid, and impulse train. Tables of additional Fourier transform pairs are presented.

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246 views4 pages

Lecture 10 - Fourier Transform

This document is a lecture on Fourier transforms. It begins by defining the forward and inverse Fourier transforms for aperiodic signals. It then discusses the connection between Fourier transforms and Laplace transforms. It provides examples of Fourier transforms of common functions like the unit rectangular window function, unit triangle function, and interpolation sinc function. It also gives the Fourier transforms of a unit impulse, constant signal, sinusoid, and impulse train. Tables of additional Fourier transform pairs are presented.

Uploaded by

CATHERINE
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of Fourier Transform

The forward and inverse Fourier Transform are defined for aperiodic signal as:

Lecture 10 Fourier Transform


(Lathi 7.1-7.3)
 

Already covered in Year 1 Communication course (Lecture 5). Fourier series is used for periodic signals.

Peter Cheung Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Imperial College London URL: www.ee.imperial.ac.uk/pcheung/teaching/ee2_signals E-mail: [email protected]
PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 1 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems

L7.1 p678
Lecture 10 Slide 2

Connection between Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform




Define three useful functions




Compare Fourier Transform:

A unit rectangular window (also called a unit gate) function rect(x):

With Laplace Transform: Setting s = j in this equation yield:




A unit triangle function (x):

 

Is it true that: ? Yes only if x(t) is absolutely integrable, i.e. has finite energy:


Interpolation function sinc(x): or


L7.2-1 p687

L7.2-1 p697
PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 3 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems

Lecture 10 Slide 4

More about sinc(x) function


 

Fourier Transform of


x(t) = rect(t/)

sinc(x) is an even function of x. sinc(x) = 0 when sin(x) = 0 except when x=0, i.e. x = , 2, 3.. sinc(0) = 1 (derived with LHpitals rule) sinc(x) is the product of an oscillating signal sin(x) and a monotonically decreasing function 1/x. Therefore it is a damping oscillation with period of 2 with amplitude decreasing as 1/x.

Evaluation:

Since rect(t/) = 1 for -/2 < t < /2 and 0 otherwise

Bandwidth 2/

L7.2 p688 L7.2 p689


PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 6

PYKC 8-Feb-11

E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems

Lecture 10 Slide 5

Fourier Transform of unit impulse x(t) = (t)




Inverse Fourier Transform of ()




Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:

Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:

IMPORTANT Unit impulse contains COMPONENT AT EVERY FREQUENCY.

Spectrum of a constant (i.e. d.c.) signal x(t)=1 is an impulse 2(). or

L7.2 p691
PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 7 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems

L7.2 p691
Lecture 10 Slide 8

Inverse Fourier Transform of ( - 0)




Fourier Transform of everlasting sinusoid cos 0t




Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:

Remember Euler formula: Use results from slide 9, we get:

Spectrum of an everlasting exponential ej0t is a single impulse at =0.




Spectrum of cosine signal has two impulses at positive and negative frequencies.

or

and

L7.2 p692
PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 9 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems

L7.2 p693
Lecture 10 Slide 10

Fourier Transform of any periodic signal




Fourier Transform of a unit impulse train




Fourier series of a periodic signal x(t) with period T0 is given by:

Consider an impulse train

T (t ) = (t nT0 )
0

The Fourier series of this impulse train can be shown to be:

Take Fourier transform of both sides, we get:




T (t ) = Dn e jn t where 0 =
0 0

2 T0

and Dn =

1 T0

Therefore using results from the last slide (slide 11), we get:

This is rather obvious!

L7.2 p693
PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 11 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems

L7.2 p694
Lecture 10 Slide 12

Fourier Transform Table (1)

Fourier Transform Table (2)

L7.3 p702
PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 13 PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems

L7.3 p702
Lecture 10 Slide 14

Fourier Transform Table (3)

L7.3 p702
PYKC 8-Feb-11 E2.5 Signals & Linear Systems Lecture 10 Slide 15

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