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Modeling and Simulation: Raul - Ionel@etc - Upt

This document provides an introduction and overview of modeling and simulation (M&S) concepts for electrical circuits. It discusses: 1) The objectives of understanding M&S concepts, obtaining the mathematical model (MM) of a circuit, and using MATLAB, LabVIEW and Multisim for circuit analysis implementation and validation. 2) How to obtain the MM of a circuit which relates the input and output variables through differential equations. It provides an example MM for an RLC circuit. 3) How to use MATLAB to simulate the behavior of the RLC circuit based on its MM and plot the capacitor voltage and inductor current outputs over time. 4) How to implement the RLC circuit analysis in

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167 views14 pages

Modeling and Simulation: Raul - Ionel@etc - Upt

This document provides an introduction and overview of modeling and simulation (M&S) concepts for electrical circuits. It discusses: 1) The objectives of understanding M&S concepts, obtaining the mathematical model (MM) of a circuit, and using MATLAB, LabVIEW and Multisim for circuit analysis implementation and validation. 2) How to obtain the MM of a circuit which relates the input and output variables through differential equations. It provides an example MM for an RLC circuit. 3) How to use MATLAB to simulate the behavior of the RLC circuit based on its MM and plot the capacitor voltage and inductor current outputs over time. 4) How to implement the RLC circuit analysis in

Uploaded by

hassenbb
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Modeling and Simulation

Lecture 1
INTRODUCTION

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Objectives
Understanding the concepts of M&S The Mathematical Model of a system Using MATLAB for circuit analysis implementation Using LabView Control Design & Simulation toolbox for circuit analysis implementation Results validation using the RLC Circuit Analysis MATLAB interface

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Understanding the concept of M&S

We will analyze an electrical system (simple circuits in our case) by means of mathematical calculations. This is the modeling process. We will obtain the Mathematical Model of a system (MM). Using dedicated programs (Matlab, LabView, NI Multisim) we will simulate the behavior of the system using several test input signals. We will characterize the system using time and frequency domain calculations . Reasons Experts have estimated that board designers dictate 75% of the cost of final printed boards solely based on design choices before the designs leave the CAD stations. Institute for Printed Circuits report, 2008
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Understanding the concept of M&S

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The Mathematical Model (MM) of a system

If the circuit has zero initial conditions it means that the inductor current and capacitor voltage are both 0 when starting the simulation.
RLC filtering circuit

Step response: the behavior of the circuit after the sudden application of a DC voltage or current. Natural response: the behavior of the circuit after the DC voltage or current source is suddenly disconnected. For this particular case we are interested in representing: -capacitor voltage -inductor current
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The Mathematical Model (MM) of a system 2nd order circuit. The state variables are: Voltages over Capacitors Currents trough Inductors

The test signal is:


RLC filtering circuit

The Step input

i ( t ) i R ( t ) i C ( t ) i L ( t ) - Series connection
di (t ) u in (t ) u R (t ) u L (t ) u C (t ) R i (t ) L u C (t ) dt du C (t ) i(t ) iC (t ) C dt
d 2u C (t ) du C ( t ) u in ( t ) L C R C u C (t ) 2 dt dt
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(1.1) (1.2) (1.3)

The Mathematical Model (MM) of a system Mathematical Model (or Circuit Model): a mathematical relation between the input and output variables. The model describes the evolution of the output variable as a function of the input variable.

d 2u C (t ) du C ( t ) u in ( t ) L C R C u C (t ) 2 dt dt

(1.3)

We assume that: R = 4, L = 2H, C = 2F and that we have found a solution for Uc(t).

d 2 u C (t ) du C (t ) MM: u in (t ) 4 8 u C (t ) 2 dt dt

uC (t) 1 0.077 e1.866t 0.928 e0.134t

(1.4)

Using MATLAB: using dedicated MATLAB functions we can create programs (m files) which help us implement complicated mathematical calculations.
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Using MATLAB for circuit analysis implementation


clear all; %define a time vector for Uc(t) calculation t = [0:0.1:100]; %define a time vector for Il(t) plotting t2 = t(1:(length(t)-1)); %Define Uc(t) as presented in relation (1.4) Uc = 1+0.077*exp(-1.866*t)-0.928*exp(-0.134*t); %Calculate Il(t) Il = 2*diff(Uc); %Plotting Uc the capacitor voltage figure(1); clf; set(gcf,'Color',[1,1,1]); subplot(211); plot(t,Uc,'-b');grid on;axis tight; title('Uc(t) evolution'); xlabel('Time [s]'); ylabel('Amplitude [V]'); %Plotting Il the inductor current subplot(212); plot(t2,Il,'-b');grid on; axis tight; title('Il(t) evolution'); xlabel('Time [s]'); ylabel('Amplitude [A]');

Important MATLAB functions: -length(x) -exp(x) -diff(x)

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Using LabView Control Design & Simulation toolbox for circuit analysis implementation Using LabView: using Labview models we get familiar with graphical programming and we learn how to analyze a system starting from the mathematical model. A possible solution (not the only one) is to separate the term with the 2nd derivative from the rest of the terms and divide everything by the constant of the isolated term.
d 2 u C (t ) du C (t ) L C u ( t ) R C u C (t ) : L C in 2 dt dt

(1.5)

d 2 u C (t ) du C (t ) 1 ( u ( t ) R C u C (t )) in 2 L C dt dt
We think of the left side of the equation as being constructed from a sum of three elements and a multiplication with a constant. Access the Control Desing & Simulation palette and use the dedicated sub-VIs.
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(1.6)

Using LabView Control Design & Simulation toolbox for circuit analysis implementation

Block Diagram for the implementation of the RLC circuit Step response.
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Using LabView Control Design & Simulation toolbox for circuit analysis implementation

Front Panel for the implementation of the RLC circuit Step response.

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Results validation using the RLC Circuit Analysis MATLAB interface

The RLC Circuit Analysis Interface

RLC Circuit Analysis Interface settings

RLC Circuit Analysis Step Response

Access the interface by typing the >>rlc_gui; command in the MATLAB Command Window. Select the desired circuit connection and set the values for the components. This tool can be used for checking if the MM which we obtained offers the correct relation between the input and output parameters of interest.
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Using the circuit schematics and NI Multisim for circuit analysis implementation Using NI Multisim: learn how to implement several analysis procedures starting from the circuit setup.

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Using the circuit schematics and NI Multisim for circuit analysis implementation

The common details concerning the way in which this program can be operated (saving files, placing components, wiring the circuit, etc.) depends on the experience of the user.
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