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BER For Rayleigh Fading With BPSK: February 9, 2012

This document describes how to calculate the bit error rate (BER) for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in a Rayleigh fading channel through both theoretical derivation and simulation. The simulation involves generating BPSK symbols, adding complex Gaussian noise based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), multiplying the signal by random Rayleigh fading coefficients, equalizing at the receiver using known channel state, performing hard decisions, and counting bit errors over varying SNR levels. The theoretical BER expression is also derived and compared to the simulation results.

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20 views

BER For Rayleigh Fading With BPSK: February 9, 2012

This document describes how to calculate the bit error rate (BER) for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in a Rayleigh fading channel through both theoretical derivation and simulation. The simulation involves generating BPSK symbols, adding complex Gaussian noise based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), multiplying the signal by random Rayleigh fading coefficients, equalizing at the receiver using known channel state, performing hard decisions, and counting bit errors over varying SNR levels. The theoretical BER expression is also derived and compared to the simulation results.

Uploaded by

kannarpadi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BER for Rayleigh fading with BPSK

February 9, 2012

The Task is to nd the performance of Bit Error Rate (BER) with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme in Rayleigh channel.The system model is
y (n) = h(n)x(n) + w(n)

where y (n) is the received symbol, h(n) is complex scaling factor corresponding to Rayleigh multipath channel, x(n) is the transmitted symbol (taking values +1s and -1s) and w(n) is the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). It is assumed that receiver knows the h(n). Write Matlab code for computing the bit error rate with BPSK modulation in Rayleigh channel from theory and simulation. The steps are: 1. Generate an N length vector x of BPSK symbols (+1 and -1). Let N = 107 . 2. For the given SNR value, nd the variance 2 assuming the signal energy to be 1. 3. Generate 'complex' noise: i.e, generate noise samples of the form wR + jwI where wR and wI are Gaussian random variables. If is the standard deviation corresponding to the given SNR, use while generating wR 2 2 and wI , so that their total variance is . 4. Generate the N -length channel coecient vector h. The entries of h are complex Gaussian random variables with variance 1. i.e, both the real and 1 . imaginary parts have a standard deviation of 2 5. The output is y = hx + w. 6. Keep the SNR range between 4 to16dB , with steps of 2dB . Plot the BER vs. SNR curve. 7. At the receiver, equalize (divide) the received symbols with the known channel. 1

8. Perform hard decision decoding and count the bit errors. 9. Derive the expression for the probability of error theoretically, and verify whether the simulation result matches with it.

References
[1] J. Proakis,

Digital Communications , Chapter 14.3 and Chapter 15.3.

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