3

rd
Grade Math CRCT Study Guide 2013

Numbers and Operations in Base Ten


Standard form: (Just write the digits) = 134
Written form: (Spell out the numbers) = One hundred thirty-four
Expanded form: (Stretch it out by place value) = 100 + 30 + 4

Rounding: Students must know how to round numbers to the nearest ten and hundred!

Example: Round 34 to the nearest ten. Example: Round 178 to the nearest hundred.




Addition and Subtraction Strategies:

Adding by Place Value Adding in Chunks/Parts Making Nice Numbers
145 + 167 145 + 167 145 + 167
145 + 100 = 245 145 3 = 142
245 + 60 = 305 167 + 3 = 170
305 + 7 = 312 170 + 100 = 270
270 + 40 = 310
310 + 2 = 312

Number Line Add Up Number Line Count Back Subtract in Chunks
274 156 274 156 274 156


Multiples of Ten:

34 is
closer to
30!
100 200
178
178 is
closer
to 200!
Addition Strategies
Subtraction Strategies
156 160 200
274
+4 +40 +74
274 124 174 118
-100 -50 -6

Addition Properties:

Commutative Property (add numbers in any order)
3 + 4 = 4 + 3

Associative Property (numbers can be grouped
(1 + 2) + 3 = 1 + (2 + 3) differently when adding)

Identity Property (any number plus ZERO
7 + 0 = 7 stays the same)
Multiplication & Division:

Draw a Picture Number Line Repeated Addition
3 4 3 4 3 4
,
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12


Array Distributive Property
6 4 7 9 = _____
7 (5 + 4)
(7 5) + (7 4)
35 + 28 = 63
6 4 = 24


Repeated Subtraction Sharing Model
32 4 32 4
32 4 = 28 4 = 24 4 = 20 4 = 16
16 4 = 12 4 = 8 4 = 4 4 = 0
Count the 4: 32 4 = 8 Count how many are in each circle: 32 4 = 8






















6
4
5 2
1
5 2
1

5 2
1

5 2
1

WORK:
32
-20
12
-8
4
-4
0
Add one factor the other factors times.
3 4 = 12
Factors Product
Multiplication Strategies
Division Strategies
(5 in each group)
(2 in each group)
(1 in each group)
In this case, the 9
is distributed into
5+4. The 7 is
multiplied by both
the 5 and the 4!

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
6 + 6 = 12
OR
4 + 4 + 4 = 12
8 + 4 = 12
Story Problems: Multi-Step Story Problems:
Students must be able to apply all addition, subtraction, multiplication and division strategies into story problem contexts.
Examples: (The problems below require more than one step!)
Rome News sold 375 copies of the Newspaper Mrs. Meadows baked 4 trays of cookies for her daughter.
on Friday and 534 on Saturday. How many copies did There were 6 rows of cookies with 3 cookies in each row.
they sell both days? How many cookies did she bake for her daughter?
There are nine cars in the parking lot. If each car has Stan bought a shirt that cost $37 and a hat that cost $24. He
four wheels, how many wheels are in the parking lot? gave the cashier $100. How much change did Stan receive?

I had 72 pieces of candy. If I put 8 pieces of candy into each In Jenny's art box, there are 6 green markers. There are 8
goody bag, how many goody bags did I make? times as many blue markers as green markers. How
many green and blue markers are in Jenny's art box in all?

Multiplication Properties:
Students do not have to know the NAMES of each property just what they do!

Commutative Property: (multiply numbers in any order) 3 4 = 4 3
Associative Property: (numbers can be grouped differently when multiplied) (1 2) 3 = 1 (2 3)
Zero Property: (any number times ZERO equals ZERO) 6 0 = 0 12 2 0 = 0
Identity Property: (any number times ONE stays the same) 7 1 = 7
Distributive Property: (Distribute one factor into two smaller factors) 6 8 = (6 5) + (6 3) = 30 + 18 = 48
Inverse Operation (Students should understand the unknown in a multiplication equation is the answer to a division problem.)
6 = 24 24 6 = 4 and 21 3 = 3 7 = 21

(7 5) + (7 4)




35 + 28 = 63








Patterns in Addition and Multiplication
















Geometry





Triangle Quadrilateral* Pentagon Hexagon Octagon

3 sides
3 angles
4 sides
4 angles
5 sides
5 angles
6 sides
6 angles
8 sides
8 angles

Parallelogram Rectangle Square Rhombus Trapezoid

Opposite sides equal
Opposite sides parallel
Opposite sides equal
Opposite sides parallel
4 right angles
(square corners)
All sides same length
Opposite sides parallel
4 right angles
(square corners)
All sides same length
Opposite sides parallel
Exactly ONE pair of
parallel sides.
There are many patterns in the multiplication table.

When 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 are multiplied by any number, the product
will always be EVEN.
If you add the same number over and over, you are creating a pattern.
Since repeated addition is another way to solve multiplication, you can
use multiplication as a shortcut.

Write a multiplication sentence to show the total number of balloons.

4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 4 3 = 12
Number of
Cars
Number of
Wheels
1 4
2 8
3 12

How many wheels will
be on 4 cars? __________
10 cars? ______________
What is the rule? (4)
2, 4, 6, 8, ____, ____, ____ Rule: _____

5, 10, 15, ____, ____, ____ Rule: _____

100, 90, ____, 70, ____, 50 Rule: _____

, 1, _____, 2, ____, 3 Rule: _________

Angles

Sides
Polygon:
a two-dimensional
CLOSED figure
with all straight
sides.

Fractions
A fraction names a part or piece of a whole.
The numerator is the top number in a fraction. It tells how many parts you are counting.
The denominator is the bottom number in the fraction. It tells how many total parts there are.







Measurement
Area Perimeter Mass Capacity Elapsed Time
Area is the number of
square units needed to
cover a shape or figure.
(carpeting, tiling, etc)
Perimeter is the
distance around a
figure.
(Fencing, border,
frame)
Mass is the measure of
the amount of matter
in an object. The more
mass it has, the heavier
it will be
Capacity is the measure
of how much a
container can hold.
The amount of time
that passes from the
start of an event to the
end.
Count square units or
Multiply length times
width of
rectangle/square
Add up all the side
lengths
1 kilogram (kg) =
1,000 grams (g)
1 Liter (L) =
1,000 milliliters (mL)
60 minutes = 1 hour
30 minutes = hour
15 minutes = hour




2 3 = 6 square units
OR 6 units
2







3 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 10 units


Paper Clip = 1 gram

Tennis Shows = 1 kg

A dropper has a
capacity of about 10 mL


= 4 liters

1 liter =
How much time will pass?

Students also must measure to the nearest and of an inch!


Data








Fractions can also be shown on the number line.



2
3
2
3
2:00 5:00 5:30
+ 3 hours + 30 min.
numerator
denominator


`t t `t t
The number line is
divided into 5 equal
parts. There is a point
located at `t
The rectangle shows 3
out of 5 parts shaded.
Equivalent Fractions
88

These rectangles
show how `* and *
are equivalent
fractions because
the shapes are the
same size with the
same amount
shaded, but
different number of
parts shaded.
` `

`:

and `: are equivalent
fractions also because they
are at the same point on the
number line when the same
amount is shown (0 to 1).
Comparing Fractions
Which is greater? Which symbol goes in the to
Make the sentence true?



< Less Than > Greater Than = Equal To
&
` t t ` t t
t t
Picture Graph
Sports Played by 3
rd
Graders
Baseball

Football

Soccer

Hockey

Basketball

Key = 10 students

Bar Graph

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S
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M
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S
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G
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Line Plot
Number of Questions Correct on Test








How many students got 7 questions
correct? (3)

How many students got 9 or more
questions correct? (26)
This line is 3
inches!