Sakka[n]/ Amakandu/ Sumuqan Mesopotamia/ Babylon/ Akkadian A patron god of herdsmen & a god of cattle SUMUQAN In Sumerian mythology,

Sumuqan is the cattle god, he resides in the underworld, in Ereshkigal's court. Shakka is a Babylonian and Akkadian patron god of herdsmen, deriving from the Sumerian god Lahar. Also Shakkan, Amakandu, Sumuqan. I am going to tell you a story, a very strange chronicle of the ancient Akkad. In the early primitive society, mother was the absolute goddess, the power of life, the house of the sky. The concept has been preserved in the Akkadian ideogram: GA2AN ama ama [MOTHER]. dagal (see full listing) daal (dagal dagala) daal [WIDE]. aganx(|GA2AN|) agan [~PIG](aganx(|GA2AN|)gan). Akkadian: Also: ame, ami, ammax(|GA2AN|), arhu4, damal, /damal/, eme4, hegal, imi2, max(| GA2AN|), akkan7. ~ LEX/ED IIIb/Ebla [[ama]] = GA2AN It seems that the scribal description of the mother as GA2 [house] of AN [sky] spilled over onto the everyday language of the Semitic people. But the illiterate folk did not use a tablet in their everyday conversation. Shepherds naturally merged both names for the mother ama-gan + -tu feminine ending [according to Semitic morphology]. The final version of the god was Ama-kan-du. In Akkadian the initial pronoun was a-, sa-, su- hence the feminine noun Amakandu was read a Amakantu. Both pronoun and noun merged to create a single unit. In Akkadian the later name for mother became Akk. Ummu. Hence the other version was created a-umu-gan. Initially Sakka[n]/ Amakandu/ Sumuqan was a sky goddess but later on she became the goddess of the shepherds and finally a god of the underworld. It is the pattern of every religion that the old gods and goddesses fall from grace and become demons

or lesser gods. The same happened with the mother goddess. First she began her journey as a sky goddess and then she ended in the underworld. Apparently her name was recycled several times among the Semitic scribes as well. The prestigious name of a god became the name of a lesser god and then the name of a general, a human with great authority. It seemed plausible that a human could take the name of a diminished god. That would not offend the actual prestigious gods of the time.

GIR3.ARAD agina akkanak [GENERAL](aginana). akan6 (see full listing) Akkadian: Also: aggin, aggina.

By was of association the name of the compound could be transferred to the smaller building blocks. Hence the ideogram GIR3 also gained the phonetic value of the god/ general Sumuqan. GIR3 gir3 (see full listing) giri3 (see full listing) ir3 ir [PRIDE]. iri3 (ir3 giri3 gir3 ger3 giru3kir10 kiri5) iri [FOOT]. hu2 hu [REDDISH]. imerix(GIR3) imeri [UNMNG]. ir9 (er9) ir [MIGHTY]. Akkadian: Also: ane2, anu2, merx(GIR3), mirix(GIR3), qir7, sakkan, sumugan, sumugga, sumukan, sumuqan, akan2, akkan2, wir. From the abbreviated name a-kan > the name of the horse was invented through metathesis an-e:

ane = ANE

ane2 = GIR3

anex = ANE.PA

It seems that the name for horse derived from the name for pig. The same ideogram is used for both animals. But the name for pig is older than the appellation for horse because the diagram for the horse was created much later than that of the pig. PIG > HORSE This is very important because it shows that horses were tamed by humans much later than wild pigs were domesticated. This fact is extremely important because it shows that the IndoEuropean name for horse was borrowed from the Akkadian script.

ANE ane (anu) ane [EQUID]. akan3 (see full listing) Akkadian: Also: ani, sumugan. ANE.PA Also: anex(|ANE.PA|), anux(|ANE.PA|), sumuganx(|ANE.PA|), akanx(|ANE.PA|).

ane [EQUID] (2957x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. ane "donkey; equid" Akk. imru

akan = U.GAN akan2 = GIR3 akan3 = ANE akan4 = ANE.AN akan5 =NUNUZ.AB2AGAB

akan6 = GIR3.ARAD akanx = ANE.PA

agan [~PIG] (150 instances) agan [~PIG] (150x: ED IIIb) wr. aganx(|GA2AN|)gan; agan; aganx(AMA)a "a designation of pigs; pregnant?" [1] [2] aganx(|GA2AN|)gan agan

aganx(AMA)a [3] -0 (150x/100%). + 350 300 250 200 150 100 (no 0 0 0 0 0 0 date) [1] 44 [2] [3] 16 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table. 1. a designation of pigs (150x/100%) ~ ELA/ED IIIb/Girsu sipa aganx(AMA)a:gan VS 14, 154 o iv 4; 1(a@c) 3(di) sipaaganx(AMA)a:gan VS 14, 086 o iii 9; 3(u@c) 3(a@c) MUNUS.ANE aganx(AMA)a:ganVS 14, 160 o i 1. ELA/ED IIIb/unknown ziz2-bi 3(barig@c) 2(ban2) sipaaganx(AMA)a:gan Nik 1, 013 o iv 5; sipa aganx(AMA)a:gan Nik 1, 018 o ii 9; sipaaganx(AMA)a:gan Nik 1, 030 o iv 3. ELA/Ur III/Drehem ki bar-bar sipa aneaganx(AMA)gan-ta TRU 120 3. ELA/Ur III/Girsu sipa aganx(AMA)gan-na-me CT 03, 35 BM 021335 r i 5; u3 u3 sipa aganx(AMA)gan-me HLC 027 (pl. 064) o ii 10; ki ur-e3-ku3ga sipa aganx(AMA)*gan*-ta HLC 092 (pl. 088) o v 3. ELA/Ur III/Umma a3gal sipaane aganx(AMA)gan-e3 NYPL 258 2. ELA/Ur III/unclear sipa aganx(AMA)gan#-na-ke4-ne TLB 3, 004 3; 2(di) udu gal udu ukura ugula aganx(AMA)gan-na TSU 082 1. unknown/ED IIIb/Girsu sipa aganx(AMA)a:gan DP 087 o iii 5; sipa aganx(AMA)a:gan-ka DP 113 r iii 19; sipa aganx(AMA)a:gan DP 113 r iii 21. unknown/ED IIIb/unknown ziz2bi 3(barig@c) 2(ban2) sipa aganx(AMA)a:gan me HSS 03, 05 r ii 1; e#bi [3(a@c)]sipa [aganx(AMA)]a:gan# [me] HSS 03, 06 r ii 1; ebi 2(a@c) 2(barig@c) sipaaganx(AMA)a#:gan# <me> HSS 03, 07 iv 1. unknown/Ur III/Girsu sipa aneaganx(AMA)gan ASJ 19, 138 122 o i 7; la2-ia3 su-ga alla sipa aganx(AMA)gan TCTI 2, 03313 2. See: ane agan; eme agan; ah agan.

2. pregnant?

aan [FLASK] (161x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. aan; dugaan "a flask" Akk. ikkatu [1] [2] + -0 (161x/100%). 350 300 250 0 0 0 [1] 25 53 [2] 10 aan (agan, akan)
dug

aan (dugagan, dugakan)

200 150 100 (no 0 0 0 date) 22 47

14 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table. 1. a flask (161x/100%) ~ LEX/ED IIIa/unknown agan ED Vessels 57. LEX/ED IIIb/Ebla [[aan]] = AGAN? = sa-ga-tum Ebla Sign List 145. LEX/Old Babylonian/Nippur dugaan OB Nippur Ura 2 278. ELA/ED IIIb/Girsu 5(a@c) agan su3 VS 25, 075 o iii 7; ku# agan#-bi 1(a@c)-am6 VS 27, 074 o ii 1; agan 2(di) sila3 i3#-du10-ga# VS 27, 081 o i 1. ELA/Old Akkadian/Girsu 1(u)3(a@c) i3-nun agan ITT 1, 01091 4; 1(a@c) agan i3 du10-ga ITT 1, 01460 5;1(a@c) agan i3 du10-ga RTC 203 3; 1(a@c) gada 1(a@c) agan i3 RTC 214 1;1(a@c) agan i3 i-ig-dim du10ga RTC 215 1; 1(a@c) agan i3 [...] RTC 215 1; 1(u)agan i3 RTC 215 4. ELA/Old Akkadian/Lagash 3(a@c) agan i3 BM 015737 2; 1(a@c)agan i3 BM 029599 1. ELA/Lagash II/Girsu 1(di) gada 1(di) agan i3 MVN 07, 286 1;1(di) agan i3 MVN 07, 378 2; 1(di) gada 1(di) agan i3 MVN 07, 378 4; 1(di)agan i3 [...] MVN 07, 396 3; 1(di) agan i3 MVN 07, 429 2. ELA/Ur III/Drehem agan-bi kab2 di-dam AUCT 2, 055 5; 1(di) dug agan 1(di) sila3 x [...] OrAnt 11, 269 9 o iii 3; 1(di) na4bur agan TCL 2, 5529 11. ELA/Ur III/Girsu 1(a) hal giri3 aganni MVN 12, 504 5; U+LAGAB 1(ge2) 2(di) dug agan hi-a TUT 126 r iii 28. ELA/Ur III/Nippur1(ge2) 3(di) dug agan i3 du10-gan MVN 04, 143 9; 5(di) dug agan gal NATN 069 1. ELA/Ur III/Umma 1(di) agan kudu10gan MCS 6, 21 AO 19744 1; 1(u) la2 1(di)dugagan 2(u) MVN 01, 231 o ii 2; 4(u) dugagan 1(u) 5(di) MVN 01, 231 o ii 3. ELA/Ur III/Ur 1(u) dugagan 1(ban2)-ta UET 3, 0884 1; 1(u) dugagan 5(di) sila3-ta UET 3, 0884 2; 2(u) dugagan 2(di) sila3-ta UET 3, 0884 3; 2(u) dugagan 1(di) sila3ta UET 3, 0884 4; 1(di) dur2 bur agan UET 3, 0892 1; 3(u) 4(di) dug agan UET 3, 1399 o ii 26; i3-ra2-ra2 dug agan ke2-ke2-ra2-ke4-ne UET 3, 1399 r i 2. ELA/Early Old Babylonian/unknown 1/2(di)# dugagan BIN 09, 215 3; 2(di) ku udu ka-tab dugagan1(u)-kam BIN 09, 217 4; 2(di) ku udu babbar ka-tab dugagan PA-DI BIN 09, 218 2.unknown/Old Babylonian/Kish [[aan]] = = U.GAN = i-[ka-tum] PRAK 2 C 38 9.unknown/ED

IIIb/Girsu 1(a@c) agan-e 3(di) sila3 i3-ir-a DP 203 r ii 2; 1(a@c) agan3(di) sila3 su3 DP 490 r ii 4; 2(a@c) agan ke2-ra2 su3 DP 507 o i 6; 1(a@c) agani3-nun DP 515 r i 3; 1(a@c) agan i3-ir-a DP 515 r i 4; 1(a@c) agan i3-ir-a RTC 019 r iii 2. unknown/ED IIIb/Lagash 1(a@c) agan gigir2 BiMes 03, 15 r i 2. unknown/ED IIIb/unknown [x] x agan OIP 104, 022 o v 22; 1(a@c) [x] agan OIP 104, 022 o i 19.unknown/Old Akkadian/Adab 2(a@c) agan i3 du10-ga OIP 014, 178 2; 1(a@c) agan gali3-nun du10-ga OIP 014, 178 3. unknown/Old Akkadian/unknown 2(a@c) agan i3 MVN 03, 082 3. unknown/Ur III/Drehem 4(di) dugagan ku u2hub2 Aleppo 488 3. unknown/Ur III/Umma dug agan ba-a-si Luomo 55 o ii 13; 1(di) dug agan Luomo 64 o iii 19;1(di) dug agan Luomo 64 o v 5. unknown/Old Babylonian/unknown 3(di) ku udu u2-hab2 ka-tab agan nig2-u-tak4-a TLB 5, 03 3; 1(di) dugakan-ta TLB 5, 18 1; 1(u)6(di) dugakan TLB 5, 18 18. ~ ku[skin] sig[place]LEX/Old Babylonian/Nippur dugaan ku si-ga OB Nippur Ura 2 279. Akk. ikkatu "flask". See ETCSL: aan=flask. aan [MERCHANT] (12x: Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. aan-la2; aan "an apprentice merchant" Akk. amall [1] [2] + aan-la2 aan -0 (12x/100%). 350 300 250 150 100 (no 2000 0 0 0 0 0 date) 6 6

[1] [2]

5 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table. 1. an apprentice merchant (12x/100%) ~ LEX/Old Babylonian/Nippur agan-la2 OB Nippur Lu 105; agan-la2 OB Nippur Lu 695a.ELA/Ur III/Ur 1(di) geDIB kak agan-la2-e3 gid2 1(di) ku3 ge im-babi 4(di) UET 3, 0826 r i 9; 1(di) geDIB kak agan-la2 gid2 2/3(di) ku3 kak imba-bi 5(di) UET 3, 0826 r i 10; 2(di) geDIB kak agan-la2 a3kal gid2 1(di) 1/3(di) ku3-ta kak-bi 1(u)2(di) UET 3, 0826 r i 11; 3(di) geDIB kak agan-la2 a3-kal gid2 1(di) ku3-ta kak-bi1(u) 5(di) UET 3, 0826 r i 12; 2(di) geDIB kak agan-la2 a3-kal gid2 2/3(di) ku36(di) u-sita kak-bi 1(u) 8(di) UET 3, 0826 r i 13; dab kak agan-la2-ke4 ba-ab-du11UET 3, 0826 r ii 2. Akk. amall "purse-bearer; merchant's assistant". See ETCSL: aan-la2=trader.

aman [VESSEL] wr. dugaman2 "a vessel" Akk. appatu [1] 1. a vessel Akk. appatu "a pottery vessel". The name of the pig was divided into separate ideograms U.GAN. The second ideogram arbitrarily took each half phonetic value of the name for pig: U.GAN
dug

aman2

GAN gam4 (see full listing) gan gan [BEAR]. ganum [STAND]. gum [MANGE]. gana gana [COME ON!]. he2 he [BE]. kan (gan gana kana gam4) (see full listing) sag7 sag [SCATTER]. Full listing. Also: hi2, li6, qan, seg16, sig16. [U.GAN] agan > qan, seg16, sig16.

NUNUZ.AB2AGAB usan3 usan [WHIP] (kuusan3, eusan3).

usan [WORKER] (geme2usan3). usandux(|NUNUZ.AB2AGAB|) muendu [BIRD-CATCHER]. usandu [WISE]. usansurux(|NUNUZ.AB2AGAB|) usansuru [UNMNG]. Akkadian: Also: saman5, akan5, usan3-sur5, usun, uzunx(|NUNUZ.AB2AGAB|). GIR3.ARAD agina akkanak [GENERAL] (aginana). akan6 (see full listing) Akkadian: Also: aggin, aggina. ANE.PA Also: anex(|ANE.PA|), anux(|ANE.PA|), sumuganx(|ANE.PA|), akanx(|ANE.PA|). This is the end of the amazing story of the mother goddess whose name survived among the tablets of Sumerian scribes who constantly chopped down the sacred name into smaller pieces to create other artificial words of a secret language. They must have liked this name a lot and maybe they must have worshipped in secret the great mother at a time when patriarchy was the dominant form of religion and government.