SKF Concentra Ball Bearing Units: True Concentric Locking, For Fast and Reliable Mounting
SKF Concentra Ball Bearing Units: True Concentric Locking, For Fast and Reliable Mounting
SKF Concentra Ball Bearing Units: True Concentric Locking, For Fast and Reliable Mounting
Contents
The SKF brand now stands for more than ever before, and means more to you as a valued customer. While SKF maintains its leadership as the hallmark of quality bearings throughout the world, new dimensions in technical advances, product support and services have evolved SKF into a truly solutions-oriented supplier, creating greater value for customers. These solutions encompass ways to bring greater productivity to customers, not only with breakthrough applicationspecific products, but also through leading-edge design simulation tools and consultancy services, plant asset efficiency maintenance programmes, and the industrys most advanced supply management techniques. The SKF brand still stands for the very best in rolling bearings, but it now stands for much more. SKF the knowledge engineering company
A
3 4 4 5 5 6
Product information
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units SKF ConCentra a truly innovative concentric locking technology The plummer (pillow) block housing The deep groove ball bearing The ConCentra stepped sleeve Applications
B
8
Recommendations
Selection of a bearing unit size
10 Design of bearing unit arrangements 12 Lubrication and maintenance 14 Mounting and dismounting 14 Mounting 15 Dismounting
Product data
16 Product data general 18 Product tables SKF ConCentra ball bearing units with plummer block housing, 18 for metric shafts 20 for inch shafts
Additional information
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Prior to installation The two mating surfaces with precision-engineered serrations in the bearing bore and on the sleeve outside diameter are positioned to provide clearance around the shaft Fig. 4
During installation The mating surfaces are axially displaced by tightening the grub screws, which forces the bearing ring to expand and the sleeve to contract, providing a true concentric, tight friction joint with the shaft Fig. 5
Applications
Appropriate for a wealth of applications Conveyor systems Agricultural machinery Forestry machinery Air-handling equipment Handling systems Process fans Pumps Textile machines Food processing machines Printing and packaging machines Fulfil all requirements Ready-to-mount and ready-to-operate High load carrying capacity High-speed capability High operational reliability Low noise and vibration Simple mounting Minimum maintenance Extremely long service life Worldwide availability Application engineering service The brand new SKF solution: ConCentra ball bearing units
Refined technology
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units are part of SKFs commitment to the Total Shaft Solutions programme to provide a wide range of innovative bearing products to the air handling, conveyor equipment, fluid machinery, agricultural and forestry industries. SKF ConCentra ball bearing units, with their true concentric locking mechanism, are friction assemblies that will provide optimum performance in applications where there is a need for reduced vibrations due to high rotational speeds. There is no comparable bearing unit available on the market that can be mounted or dismounted as fast as the SKF ConCentra technology allows. Where bearing units with eccentric locking technology had been used before, SKF ConCentra ball bearing units will provide superior performance.
1)
The factor n represents the failure probability, i.e. the difference between the requisite reliability and 100 %
Table 1
Factor a1
B
90 95 96 97 98 99 L10m L5m L4m L3m L2m L1m 1 0,62 0,53 0,44 0,33 0,21
If k > 4, use curve for k = 4 As the value of hc (Pu/P) tends to zero, aSKF tends to 0,1 for all values of k
Support surfaces
To maximize the service life of an SKF ConCentra ball bearing unit, SKF recommends finishing support surfaces to a roughness of Ra 12,5 m and a flatness that meets IT7 specifications. For moderate demands IT8 may be satisfactory. SKF ConCentra ball bearing units are designed for loads acting vertically to the housing base support. If they are subjected to moderate or heavy loads acting parallel to the base support, a stop should be provided or the units should be pinned to their support. The appropriate positions for these dowel pins are indicated by dimples in the housing base of SKF ConCentra units for metric shafts and are listed in table 2. To attach SKF ConCentra plummer block units to their base, SKF recommends using hexagonal socket head cap screws according to EN ISO 4762:1998 with washers to EN ISO 7089:2000 or EN ISO 7090:2000. The combination of a hexagonal socket head cap screw and a flat washer provides improved seating on the base support. The screw itself has to be located by a spring washer placed between the hexagonal socket head cap screw and a flat washer ( fig. 1).
Shaft tolerances
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units can be used with solid or hollow commercial grade shafts. The diameter tolerances must be kept within the limits listed in table 1. However shafts or seatings machined to tolerance h9 and having a cylindricity tolerance to IT5 will be satisfactory.
10
Fig. 1 Permissible tolerances of the shaft diameter Shaft diameter over mm 50 50 75 incl. over in 1 15/16 1 15/16 2 15/16 incl. Shaft tolerances high m/in 0 0 76/ 0.003 102/ 0.004 low
Table 1
A hexagonal socket head cap screw combined with a flat washer and a spring washer provide improved attachment
Table 2 Position and size of dowel pin holes for metric SKF ConCentra ball bearing units
Dimensions J7 J6 mm 120 142 146 161 173 187 201 222 13 14 15,5 17 17 19 21 21
N4
2 2 4 4 4 5 5 5
11
the operation temperatures are between +40 and +55 C. Under more difficult operating conditions, SKF ConCentra ball bearing units may need to be relubricated in order to realize maximum service life. Therefore, all units are provided as standard with a grease nipple. The relubrication intervals depend on many related factors and can be estimated using the information provided in the following section.
Relubrication intervals
The relubrication intervals tf for SKF ConCentra ball bearing units can be obtained from diagram 1 as a function of the operating temperature, C the rotational speed n, r/min the mean diameter of the insert bearing dm, mm ( table 2). The relubrication intervals tf are estimated values, valid for bearing units on horizontal shafts in stationary machines in a clean environment when the load ratio C/P 15.
The relubrication interval is defined as the time period, at the end of which 90 % of the bearing units are still reliably lubricated. This represents the L10 grease life. When the L10 grease life is equivalent to or higher than the
12
rating life of the SKF ConCentra ball bearing unit, the unit is considered to be lubricated for life and relubrication is not required. The relubrication intervals obtained from diagram 1 should be reduced accordingly if any of the following conditions exist on vertical shafts by 50 % at higher loads, e.g. at load ratio C/P = 8, by roughly 50 %. In severe, very dirty or damp environments more frequent relubrication might be necessary. Vibrations have an influence on grease life but their effects can not be quantified exactly, except when there is a noticeable increase in operating temperature. The grease life, obtained from diagram 1, shows an exponential correlation with temperatures ranging from 55 to 100 C. Within that interval, when the temperature increases by 15 C, grease life is reduced by approximately a factor of 2. Above 100 C the grease life is reduced more dramatically, and in an uncontrolled way. Below 40 C grease life drops gradually because of its diminished oil bleeding capabilities at lower temperatures. The correction factors for adverse operating conditions are only approximate. In case of doubt, contact the SKF application engineering service.
Relubrication procedure
When relubricating, grease should be applied while the unit is rotating slowly until fresh grease escapes through the seals. Excessive pressure should be avoided, otherwise the seals may be damaged.
Table 1 Grease fill of SKF ConCentra ball bearing units Properties Technical specifications Lithium-calcium soap Mineral oil 2 Table 2 Mean diameter of the insert bearing, dm SKF ConCentra ball bearing units for metric inch shafts shafts SY 25 PF SY 30 PF SY 35 PF SY 40 PF SY 45 PF SY 50 PF SY 55 PF SY 60 PF SY 1. PF/AH SY 1.3/16 PF/AH SY 1.1/4 PF/AH SY 1.3/8 PF/AH SY 1.7/16 PF/AH SY 1.1/2 PF/AH SY 1.11/16 PF/AH SY 1.15/16 PF/AH SY 2.3/16 PF/AH SY 2.7/16 PF/AH SY 2.11/16 PF/AH SY 2.15/16 PF/AH Mean diameter dm mm 38,5 46 53,5 53,5 53,5 60 65 70 77,5 85 97,5 102,5
Thickener Base oil Consistency (to NLGI Scale) Operating temperature at continuous operation, C Kinematic viscosity at 40 C, mm2/s at 100 C, mm2/s
20 to +120
165 15
13
5.
9.
6.
7.
Mounting
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units with plummer (pillow) block housing
1. Remove any burrs on the shaft with emery cloth or a fine file ( step 1). Wipe the shaft clean with a lint free cloth and check the shaft diameter ( table 1, page 11). 8.
Mount the supplied red torque indictor on the short end of the hexagonal key and tighten the screws until the hexagonal key comes in contact with the torque indicator. If another torque wrench is used, apply the recommended tightening torque listed in table 1. 10. Mount the unit at the opposite end of the shaft and repeat the procedures described under points 4 to 9. Note: Do not use auxiliary equipment such as a hammer or a pipe to tighten the grub screws.
Reaching the recommended torque value for one of the grub (set) screws in the mounting collar Fig. 1 Recommended tightening torque Shaft diameter over mm 30 30 75 incl. over in 1 1/4 1 1/4 2 15/16 incl. Screw size M5 M6 Recommended tightening torque Nm 4,2 7,4 in.Ibf 37 66 Table 1
14
Step 1
Step 5
Dismounting
1. It may be necessary to clean the shaft extension with emery cloth to remove rust or repair surface damage. Loosen the first units mounting screws in the mounting ring properly. Loosen the bolts on the second unit. Lightly tap the mounting collar side of the first units shaft until the SKF ConCentra stepped sleeve releases from the shaft. Remove the attachment bolts. Withdraw the unit from the shaft.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
Step 2 Step 6
Step 3
Step 4
15
Seals
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units are equipped as standard with the robust Superagriseals, which are inserted in recesses in the outer ring. These seals consist of a pressed sheet steel core with a acrylonitrilebutadiene rubber (NBR) lip vulcanized onto its inner surface. The steel washer forms a narrow gap with the cylindrical surface of the inner ring shoulder to provide efficient protection against coarse contaminants. To enhance the sealing effect without increasing friction, plain steel flingers are added outside the integral Superagriseal ( fig. 3). The seals are suitable for operating temperatures ranging from 40 to +100 C and will withstand brief temperature peaks of up to +120 C. However, the latter will have a detrimental effect on the service life of the grease fill.
Internal clearance
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units are produced as standard with radial internal clearance to Group 3 according to ISO 9628:1992. The clearance values are provided in table 1 and are valid for unmounted bearing units under zero measuring load.
Tolerances
The tolerances for the shaft centre height H1 ( fig. 1) above the support surface are 0,25 mm for metric units with a bore diameter up to and including 40 mm and for all inch size units 0,30 mm for larger metric units. The tolerance for the shaft centre height corresponds to the values specified in ISO 3228:1993. For metric SKF ConCentra ball bearing units, the tolerances of the bearing outside diameter and the housing bore seating have been selected so that the bearing can not move (wander) in its seating, but can compensate for initial misalignment.
Speeds
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units are developed for high-speed applications. The speed ratings are only limited by the permissible circumferential speed of the seal lip on its counter surface. The limiting speeds are listed in the product tables.
16
Table 1 Radial internal clearance Bore diameter d over incl. mm d over in 30 40 50 65 80 1 3/16 1 1/2 2 2 7/16 1 3/16 1 1/2 2 2 / 2 /
7 16 15 16
Table 2 Calculation factors for SKF ConCentra ball bearing units Relative axial load 14 Fa/C0 0,31 0,48 0,86 1,6 3,1 6,2 Calculation factors e 0,31 0,33 0,36 0,41 0,46 0,54 Y 1,75 1,62 1,46 1,3 1,14 1
Equivalent loads
The loads acting on SKF ConCentra ball bearing units can be calculated according to the laws of mechanics. If the load F fulfils the requirements for the basic dynamic or static load ratings, i.e. the load is constant in magnitude and direction and acts radially, then P = F and the load may be inserted directly in the equations. In all other cases equivalent bearing loads must be calculated.
30 40 50 65
where P = equivalent dynamic bearing load, kN Fr = actual radial bearing load, kN Fa = actual axial bearing load, kN Y = axial load factor for the bearing e = limiting value for Fa/Fr The factor Y and the limiting value e required to calculate the equivalent bearing load for SKF ConCentra ball bearing units depend on the relationship f0 Fa/C0, where f0 is a calculation factor; in the case of SKF ConCentra units f0 = 14 ( table 2).
Identification of housing and material SY Plummer block housing according to ISO 3228:1993 Grey cast iron
Identification of size 25 60 Bearing units for metric shafts: uncoded in millimetres 25 mm bore diameter to 60 mm bore diameter Bearing units for inch shafts: uncoded in fractional inches 1 in = 25,400 mm bore diameter to 2 15/16 in = 74,612 mm bore diameter
Designations
The complete designation for an SKF ConCentra ball bearing unit consists of housing series identification size identification supplementary designations identifying design, seal, and other features. Table 3 describes each part of the designation in the order that it appears.
P F R
Ball bearing with SKF ConCentra stepped sleeve Ball bearing with Superagriseals and additional plain flingers on both sides Ball bearing with highly efficient multiple seals on both sides
Other features AH Anti-rotation pin, solid feet and loose alignment torque
17
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units with plummer block housing, for metric shafts d 25 60 mm
Shaft diameter d mm 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Bearing unit Dimensions A mm 36 40 45 48 48 54 60 60 41 45 47 51 52 54 57 59 70,5 82,5 93 99 107,5 114,4 126 138 36,5 42,9 47,6 49,2 54 57,2 63,5 69,9 16 17 19 19 21 22 24 26,5 102 117,5 126 135,5 143,5 157 171,5 190,5 130 152 160 175 187 203 219 240 19,5 23,5 21 24,5 22,5 26 27,5 29,5 11,5 14 14 14 14 18 18 18 10 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 29 31 32 34 35 36 37 38 B H H1 H2 J L N N1 G s1
Mass
Designation
SY 25 PF SY 30 PF SY 35 PF SY 40 PF SY 45 PF SY 50 PF SY 55 PF SY 60 PF
Flange units also available please contact SKF for more information
18
Components1) Housing
Bearing
Limiting speed
Grub screws Size Tightening torque max M5 M5 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 Nm 4,2 4,2 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4
SY 25 PF SY 30 PF SY 35 PF SY 40 PF SY 45 PF SY 50 PF SY 55 PF SY 60 PF
YSP 205-2F YSP 206-2F YSP 207-2F YSP 208-2F YSP 209-2F YSP 210-2F YSP 211-2F YSP 212-2F
1)
19
SKF ConCentra ball bearing units with plummer block housing, for inch shafts d 1 2 15/16 in
Shaft diameter d in/mm 1 25,400 1 3/16 30,162 1 1/4 31,750 1 3/8 34,925 1 7/16 36,512 1 1/2 38,100 1 11/16 42,862 1 15/16 49,212 2 3/16 55,562 2 7/16 61,912 2 11/16 68,262 2 15/16 74,612
Bearing unit Dimensions A in/mm 1 13/32 35,7 1 9/16 39,7 1 25/32 45,2 1 25/32 45,2 1 25/32 45,2 1 57/64 48 1 29/32 48,4 2 1/8 54 2 3/8 60,3 2 23/64 60 2 9/16 65 2 13/16 71,4 1 5/8 41,3 1 3/4 44,5 1 7/8 47,6 1 7/8 47,6 1 7/8 47,6 2 1/16 52,4 2 50,8 2 1/8 54 2 1/4 57,2 2 5/16 58,7 2 3/8 60,3 2 1/2 63,5 2 3/4 70 3 7/32 81,8 3 21/32 93 3 21/32 93 3 21/32 93 3 29/32 99,2 4 7/32 107 4 1/2 114,3 5 127 5 1/2 139,7 5 7/8 149,2 6 17/32 166 1 7/16 36,5 1 11/16 42,9 1 7/8 47,6 1 7/8 47,6 1 7/8 47,6 1 15/16 49,2 2 1/8 54 2 1/4 57,2 2 1/2 63,5 2 3/4 69,9 3 76,2 3 1/4 82,6
5 8
Mass H H1 H2 J L N N1 G s1 kg / 16 4 101,6 4 5/8 117,5 5 127 5 127 5 127 5 11/32 135,7 5 21/32 143,6 6 3/16 157,2 6 3/4 171,5 7 1/2 190,5 8 203,2 8 1/2 215,9 5 1/8 130,2 6 152,4 6 5/16 160,3 6 5/16 160,3 6 5/16 160,3 6 57/64 175 7 3/8 187,3 8 203,2 8 5/8 219 9 7/16 240 10 15/64 260 10 63/64 279
49 64
Designation
SY 1. PF/AH SY 1.3/16 PF/AH SY 1.1/4 PF/AH SY 1.3/8 PF/AH SY 1.7/16 PF/AH SY 1.1/2 PF/AH SY 1.11/16 PF/AH SY 1.15/16 PF/AH SY 2.3/16 PF/AH SY 2.7/16 PF/AH SY 2.11/16 PF/AH SY 2.15/16 PF/AH
/ 19,5
29 64
/ 11,5
3 8
/ 10
1 1/8 28,6 1 3/16 30,2 1 1/4 31,8 1 1/4 31,8 1 1/4 31,8 1 5/16 33,3 1 3/8 34,9 1 3/8 34,9 1 7/16 36,5 1 1/2 38,1 1 1/2 38,1 1 5/8 41,3
0,77 1,30 1,65 1,60 1,55 1,95 2,40 2,85 3,65 5,00 6,10 7,25
/ 20,6 / 22,2
/ 22,7 1 25,4
/ 14 / 18
/ 12 / 16
7 8
45 64
5 8
15/16 23,8
45/64 18 45/64 18 7 8
5/8 16 5/8 16 3 4
/ 22,2 / 22,2
/ 20 / 20
7 8
3 4
Flange units also available please contact SKF for more information
20
Components1) Housing
Bearing
Limiting speed
Grub screws Size Tightening torque max M5 M5 M5 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 M6 Nm 4,2 4,2 4,2 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4 7,4
SY 1. PF/AH SY 1.3/16 PF/AH SY 1.1/4 PF/AH SY 1.3/8 PF/AH SY 1.7/16 PF/AH SY 1.1/2 PF/AH SY 1.11/16 PF/AH SY 1.15/16 PF/AH SY 2.3/16 PF/AH SY 2.7/16 PF/AH SY 2.11/16 PF/AH SY 2.15/16 PF/AH SY 505 U/AH SY 506 U/AH SY 507 U/AH SY 507 U/AH SY 507 U/AH SY 508 U/AH SY 509 U/AH SY 510 U/AH SY 511 U/AH SY 512 U/AH SY 514 U/AH SY 515 U/AH YSP 205-100-2F/AH YSP 206-103-2F/AH YSP 207-104-2F/AH YSP 207-106-2F/AH YSP 207-107-2F/AH YSP 208-108-2F/AH YSP 209-111-2F/AH YSP 210-115-2F/AH YSP 211-203-2F/AH YSP 212-207-2F/AH YSP 214-211-2F/AH YSP 215-215-2F/AH
r/min 7 000 6 300 5 300 5 300 5 300 4 800 4 300 4 000 3 600 3 400 3 000 2 600
14 19,5 25,5 25,5 25,5 30,7 33,2 35,1 43,6 57 62,4 66,5
0,335 0,475 0,655 0,655 0,655 0,8 0,915 0,98 1,25 1,7 1,86 2,04
1)
21
22
A variety of housing materials including composites, grey cast iron, sheet steel and rubber cartridges are available. There is also a choice of bearing-to-shaft locking methods. grub screw locking eccentric collar locking adapter sleeve locking.
Two-bearings units
SKF two-bearing units were originally designed for use on fan shafts with an overhung impeller. However, they are also used in other applications, e.g. centrifugal pumps, circular saws and grinding spindles. The advantages of two-bearing units are compact design high running accuracy quiet operation easy installation.
Bearing housings
If standard SKF bearing units cannot meet the needs of your application regarding loads or sealing requirements, ask about other solutions. SKF has the most comprehensive assortment of standard bearing housings in the world. One of these housings, or a customized version of these housings together with the appropriate bearing is sure to meet your needs.
Several series with different bearing arrangements are available to meet different application requirements. The standard two-bearing unit contains two deep groove ball bearings.
Detailed information about the products described above can be found in the SKF Interactive Engineering Catalogue, available on CD-ROM or online at www.skf.com product brochure 6103 SKF ConCentra roller bearing units true concentric locking, for fast and reliable mounting catalogue 6001 Y-bearings and Ybearing units brochure 5086 PDAB two-bearing units.
23
The SKF Group has global ISO 14001 environmental certification. Individual divisions have been approved for quality certification in accordance with either ISO 9000 or QS 9000. With some 100 manufacturing sites worldwide and sales companies in 70 countries, SKF is a truly international corporation. In addition, our distributors and dealers in some 15 000 locations around the world, an ebusiness marketplace and a global distribution system put SKF close to customers for the supply of both products and services. In essence, SKF solutions are available wherever and whenever customers need them. Overall, the SKF brand and the corporation are stronger than ever. As the knowledge engineering company, we stand ready to serve you with world-class product competencies, intellectual resources, and the vision to help you succeed.
Evolving by-wire technology SKF has a unique expertise in fast-growing by-wire technology, from fly-by-wire, to drive-by-wire, to work-by-wire. SKF pioneered practical fly-by-wire technology and is a close working partner with all aerospace industry leaders. As an example, virtually all aircraft of the Airbus design use SKF by-wire systems for cockpit flight control. SKF is also a leader in automotive by-wire technology, and has partnered with automotive engineers to develop two concept cars, which employ SKF mechatronics for steering and braking. Further by-wire development has led SKF to produce an allelectric forklift truck, which uses mechatronics rather than hydraulics for all controls.
Seals
Lubrication systems
Mechatronics
Services
24
Harnessing wind power The growing industry of wind-generated electric power provides a source of clean, green electricity. SKF is working closely with global industry leaders to develop efficient and trouble-free turbines, providing a wide range of large, highly specialized bearings and condition monitoring systems to extend equipment life of wind farms located in even the most remote and inhospitable environments.
Working in extreme environments In frigid winters, especially in northern countries, extreme sub-zero temperatures can cause bearings in railway axleboxes to seize due to lubrication starvation. SKF created a new family of synthetic lubricants formulated to retain their lubrication viscosity even at these extreme temperatures. SKF knowledge enables manufacturers and end user customers to overcome the performance issues resulting from extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold. For example, SKF products are at work in diverse environments such as baking ovens and instant freezing in food processing plants.
Developing a cleaner cleaner The electric motor and its bearings are the heart of many household appliances. SKF works closely with appliance manufacturers to improve their products performance, cut costs, reduce weight, and reduce energy consumption. A recent example of this cooperation is a new generation of vacuum cleaners with substantially more suction. SKF knowledge in the area of small bearing technology is also applied to manufacturers of power tools and office equipment.
Maintaining a 350 km/h R&D lab In addition to SKFs renowned research and development facilities in Europe and the United States, Formula One car racing provides a unique environment for SKF to push the limits of bearing technology. For over 50 years, SKF products, engineering and knowledge have helped make Scuderia Ferrari a formidable force in F1 racing. (The average racing Ferrari utilizes more than 150 SKF components.) Lessons learned here are applied to the products we provide to automakers and the aftermarket worldwide.
Delivering Asset Efficiency Optimization Through SKF Reliability Systems, SKF provides a comprehensive range of asset efficiency products and services, from condition monitoring hardware and software to maintenance strategies, engineering assistance and machine reliability programs. To optimize efficiency and boost productivity, some industrial facilities opt for an Integrated Maintenance Solution, in which SKF delivers all services under one fixed-fee, performance-based contract.
Planning for sustainable growth By their very nature, bearings make a positive contribution to the natural environment, enabling machinery to operate more efficiently, consume less power, and require less lubrication. By raising the performance bar for our own products, SKF is enabling a new generation of high-efficiency products and equipment. With an eye to the future and the world we will leave to our children, the SKF Group policy on environment, health and safety, as well as the manufacturing techniques, are planned and implemented to help protect and preserve the earths limited natural resources. We remain committed to sustainable, environmentally responsible growth.
25
26
27
SKF is a registered trademark of the SKF Group. SKF 2005 The contents of this publication are the copyright of the publisher and may not be reproduced (even extracts) unless permission is granted. Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication but no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage whether direct, indirect or consequential arising out of the use of the information contained herein. Publication 6107 EN October 2005 Printed in Sweden on environmentally friendly paper.
skf.com