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The Genetics Revolution in The Life Sciences

The document discusses the fundamentals of genetics and genetic information. It explains that DNA contains the genetic information that makes each organism unique and allows for heritability from one generation to the next. DNA is organized into chromosomes that contain genes, the basic physical and functional units of heredity. The document outlines how DNA replication perpetuates life through cell division and how mutations can cause changes in genetic information. It also discusses how genetics research has provided insights into evolution, biological functions, and led to applications in medicine, agriculture, and forensics.

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35 views16 pages

The Genetics Revolution in The Life Sciences

The document discusses the fundamentals of genetics and genetic information. It explains that DNA contains the genetic information that makes each organism unique and allows for heritability from one generation to the next. DNA is organized into chromosomes that contain genes, the basic physical and functional units of heredity. The document outlines how DNA replication perpetuates life through cell division and how mutations can cause changes in genetic information. It also discusses how genetics research has provided insights into evolution, biological functions, and led to applications in medicine, agriculture, and forensics.

Uploaded by

superfr3shm
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 1 The Genetics Revolution in the Life Sciences

1.1 The Nature of Biological Information

What kind of information makes:


One type of organism differs from the other type? Individuals of the same type of organism are similar, but also different? a single cell zygote develop into a complex organism?

What are the properties of genetic information?


Diversity of structure Ability to replicate Ability to change

Translation

What material stores genetic information?

Structure of DNA Molecules DNA has the form of a double helix Each strand has a stable sugarphosphate backbone plus various combination of four different bases The bases can form pairs based on complementarity How does the structure of DNA provide the basis for the properties of genetic material?

DNA is organized into chromosomes

Chromosomal DNA is wrapped around histones

Each cell contains chromosomes, and chromosomes contain GENES

Figure 1-2

What is a gene? Genome?

What does genetics study?

DNA replication is the basis for the perpetuation of life through time

Change at the DNA level: mutations

How Information Becomes Biological Forms

Figure 1-5

The DNA molecule is made up of two strandseach of which is a sequence of sugar and phosphate molecules linked by covalent bonds. The two chains are held together by much weaker hydrogen bonds between bases on opposite chains. The fact that the two chains are held together by weaker bonds is an important feature that helps the DNA achieve one of its primary functions. What is this function?

1.3 Genetics and Evolution

DNA-based migration routes of Homo sapiens

1.4 Genetics Has Provided a Powerful New Approach to Biological Research


Forward genetics:

Identify individuals with different phenotypes Map mutations based on genetic analysis Identify mutant gene DNA sequence and study function

Reverse genetics:

Known DNA sequence of a gene Knock-out the gene in an organism Look for mutant phenotype

1.6 Genetics Changes Society


Medicine Agriculture Biotechnology Forensics

Review questions: Page: 26 Problems: 2, 3, 8, 13, 14

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