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HTML Introduction

The document provides an overview of HTML including what HTML is, common HTML tags, HTML documents and pages, and how browsers read HTML to display web pages. It also discusses HTML elements, attributes, headings, paragraphs, links, and images.

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kunkumabala9572
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475 views

HTML Introduction

The document provides an overview of HTML including what HTML is, common HTML tags, HTML documents and pages, and how browsers read HTML to display web pages. It also discusses HTML elements, attributes, headings, paragraphs, links, and images.

Uploaded by

kunkumabala9572
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Introduction

Example
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
• HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.
HTML Documents = Web Pages
• HTML documents describe web pages
• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
• HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents
and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags
to interpret the content of the page:
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph</p>

</body>
</html>
Example Explained
• The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
• The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
• The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
• The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

HTML - Getting Started


What Do You Need?
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
 You don't need any HTML editor
 You don't need a web server
 You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
In this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe this is the best
way to learn HTML.
However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or Dreamweaver,
instead of writing plain text.
Creating Your Own Test Web
If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test web on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your
first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning
We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a
text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn
all about it in the next chapters.
HTM or HTML Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We use .htm in our
examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in file
extensions.
With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples


Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Note: The link address is provided as an attribute.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial)
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial)

HTML Elements
HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag * Element content End tag *
<p> This is a paragraph </p>
<a href="default.htm" > This is a link </a>
<br />
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax
• An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
• An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
• The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
• Some HTML elements have empty content
• Empty elements are closed in the start tag
• Most HTML elements can have attributes
(You will learn about element attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial)
Nested HTML Elements
Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example
<html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.
Example Explained
The <p> element:
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>
The element content is: This is my first paragraph
The <body> element:
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>
The element content is another HTML element (a paragraph)
The <html> element:
<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
</body>

</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>
The element content is another HTML element (the body)
Don't Forget the End Tag
Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can
produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements without content are called empty elements. Empty elements can be closed in the
start tag.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (it defines a line break).
In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, all elements must be closed.
Adding a slash to the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements, accepted
by HTML, XHTML and XML.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Plenty of web sites use uppercase
HTML tags in their pages.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in future versions of (X)HTML.

HTML Attributes
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Attributes
• HTML elements can have attributes
• Attributes provide additional information about the element
• Attributes are always specified in the start tag
• Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is provided as an attribute:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

(You will learn about links in a later chapter of this tutorial)


Always Quote Attribute Values
Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
In some rare situations, like when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use
single quotes:
name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes
Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values
in their HTML 4 recommendation
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.
HTML Attributes Reference
A full list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:
Complete HTML Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:
Attribute Value Description
class class_rule or style_rule The class of the element
id id_name A unique id for the element
style style_definition An inline style definition
title tooltip_text A text to display in a tool tip
For more information about standard attributes:

HTML Headings
Headings are important in HTML documents.
HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest heading.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

Note: Browsers automatically adds an empty line before and after headings.
Headings Are Important
Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the
document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then less important H3
headings, and so on.
HTML Rules (Lines)
The <hr /> tag is used to create an horizontal rule (line).

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>

HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted in the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable.
Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:

Example
<!-- This is a comment -->
Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.
HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, click the VIEW option in your browser's toolbar and select SOURCE or PAGE SOURCE.
This will open a window that shows you the HTML code of the page.

Examples From This Page


Headings
This example demonstrates the tags that display headings in an HTML document.
<html>
<body>

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>


<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>

</body>
</html>

Hidden comments
This example demonstrates how to insert a hidden comment in the HTML source code.
<html>
<body>
<!--This comment will not be displayed-->
<p>This is a regular paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>

Horizontal rule
This example demonstrates how to insert a horizontal rule.
<html>
<body>
<p>The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.
Tag Description
<html> Defines an HTML document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines header 1 to header 6
<hr /> Defines a horizontal rule
<!--> Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs
HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

Note: Browsers automatically adds an empty line before and after paragraphs.
Don't Forget the End Tag
Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can
produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks
Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
<br> or <br />
In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, HTML elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not
allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.
HTML Output - Useful Tips
You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will
create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of
lines count as one space, and any number of spaces count as one space.
Try it yourself
(The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)
Examples From This Page
HTML paragraphs
This example demonstrates how HTML paragraphs are displayed in a browser.
Line breaks
This example demonstrates the use of line breaks in an HTML document.
Poem problems
This example demonstrates some problems with HTML formatting.
More Examples
More paragraphs
This example demonstrates some of the default behaviors of paragraph elements.
HTML Tag Reference
W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about HTML elements and their attributes.
Tag Description
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br /> Inserts a single line break
Examples :
1) Try it yourself

<html>
<body>

<p>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
My Bonnie lies over the sea.
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.


</p>

<p>Note that your browser ignores your layout!</p>

</body>
</html>

2) Html PARAGRAPHS
<html>
<body>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

3) Line Breaks

<html>
<body>

<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

</body>
</html>

4)
<html>
<body>
<p>
This paragraph
contains a lot of lines
in the source code,
but the browser
ignores it.
</p>
<p>
This paragraph
contains a lot of spaces
in the source code,
but the browser
ignores it.
</p>
</body>
</html>

This paragraph contains a lot of lines in the source code, but the browser ignores it.
This paragraph contains a lot of spaces in the source code, but the browser ignores it.
The number of lines in a paragraph depends on the size of your browser window. If you
resize the browser window, the number of lines in this paragraph will change.

HTML Text Formatting

Try it yourself
<html>
<body>

<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>


<p><big>This text is big</big></p>
<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p><code>This is computer output</code></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>

</body>
</html>

HTML Text Formatting


This text is bold

This text is big

This text is italic

This is computer output

superscript
This is subscript and
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags.
Refer to the bottom of this page for a complete reference.

Try it Yourself - Examples


Text formatting
This example demonstrates how you can format text in an HTML document.
<html>
<body>

<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>


<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>
<p><big>This text is big</big></p>
<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>
<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p><small>This text is small</small></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>

</body>
</html>

Preformatted text
This example demonstrates how you can control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag.
<html>
<body>

<pre>
This is
preformatted text.
It preserves both spaces
and line breaks.
</pre>

<p>The pre tag is good for displaying computer code:</p>

<pre>
for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
</pre>

</body>
</html>

"Computer output" tags


This example demonstrates how different "computer output" tags will be displayed.
<html>
<body>

<code>Computer code</code>
<br>
<kbd>Keyboard input</kbd>
<br>
<tt>Teletype text</tt>
<br>
<samp>Sample text</samp>
<br>
<var>Computer variable</var>
<br>

<p>
<b>Note:</b> These tags are often used to display computer/programming code.
</p>

</body>
</html>

Address
This example demonstrates how to write an address in an HTML document.
<html>
<body>

<address>
Donald Duck<br>
BOX 555<br>
Disneyland<br>
USA
</address>

</body>
</html>

Abbreviations and acronyms


This example demonstrates how to handle an abbreviation or an acronym.
<html>
<body>

<abbr title="United Nations">UN</abbr>


<br />
<acronym title="World Wide Web">WWW</acronym>

<p>The title attribute is used to show the spelled-out version when holding the mouse pointer over
the acronym or abbreviation.</p>

</body>
</html>

Text direction
This example demonstrates how to change the text direction.

<html>
<body>

<p>
If your browser supports bi-directional override (bdo), the next line will be written from the right to
the left (rtl):
</p>

<bdo dir="rtl">
Here is some Hebrew text
</bdo>

</body>
</html>

Quotations
This example demonstrates how to handle long and short quotations.
<html>
<body>

A blockquote quotation:
<blockquote>
This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation.
This is a long quotation.
</blockquote>

<p><b>The browser inserts line breaks and margins for a blockquote element.</b></p>

A short quotation:
<q>This is a short quotation</q>

<p><b>The q element does not render as anything special.</b></p>

</body>
</html>
Deleted and inserted text
This example demonstrates how to mark a text that is deleted or inserted to a document.
<html>
<body>

<p>
a dozen is
<del>twenty</del>
<ins>twelve</ins>
pieces
</p>

<p>
Most browsers will overstrike deleted text and underline inserted text.
</p>

<p>
Some older browsers will display deleted or inserted text as plain text.
</p>

</body>
</html>
Text Formatting Tags
Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
<s> Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<strike> Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<u> Deprecated. Use styles instead
"Computer Output" Tags
Tag Description
<code> Defines computer code text
<kbd> Defines keyboard text
<samp> Defines sample computer code
<tt> Defines teletype text
<var> Defines a variable
<pre> Defines preformatted text
<listing> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
<plaintext> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
<xmp> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags
Tag Description
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation
<acronym> Defines an acronym
<address> Defines an address element
<bdo> Defines the text direction
<blockquote> Defines a long quotation
<q> Defines a short quotation
<cite> Defines a citation
<dfn> Defines a definition term

HTML Styles
The style attribute is a new HTML attribute. It introduces CSS to HTML.

Look! Styles and colors


This text is in Verdana and red
This text is in Times and blue

This text is 30 pixels high

Try it yourself
<html>
<body style="background-color:PowderBlue;">

<h1>Look! Styles and colors</h1>

<p style="font-family:verdana;color:red">
This text is in Verdana and red</p>

<p style="font-family:times;color:green">
This text is in Times and green</p>
<p style="font-size:30px">This text is 30 pixels high</p>

</body>
</html>
The HTML Style Attribute
The purpose of the style attribute is:
To provide a common way to style all HTML elements.
Styles was introduced with HTML 4, as the new and preferred way to style HTML elements. With
HTML styles, styles can be added to HTML elements directly by using the style attribute, or
indirectly by in separate style sheets (CSS files).
You can learn everything about styles and CSS in our CSS tutorial.
In our HTML tutorial we use the style attribute to introduce you to HTML styles.
HTML Style Examples
style="background-color:yellow"
style="font-size:10px"
style="font-family:Times"
style="text-align:center"
Deprecated Tags and Attributes
In HTML 4, some tags and attributes are defined as deprecated. Deprecated means that they will
not be supported in future versions of HTML and XHTML.
The message is clear: Avoid the use of deprecated tags and attributes.
These tags and attributes should be avoided:
Tags Description
<center> Defines centered content
<font> and <basefont> Defines HTML fonts
<s> and <strikeout> Defines strikeout text
<u> Defines underlined text

Attributes Description
align Defines the alignment of text
bgcolor Defines the background color
color Defines the text color
For all the above: Use styles instead.
Style Examples:
Background Color
<body style="background-color:yellow">
The style attribute defines a style for the <body> element.
Try it yourself: Background color
The new style attribute makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete.
<html>
<body style="background-color:PowderBlue;">

<h1>Look! Styles and colors</h1>

<p style="font-family:verdana;color:red">
This text is in Verdana and red</p>

<p style="font-family:times;color:green">
This text is in Times and green</p>

<p style="font-size:30px">This text is 30 pixels high</p>

</body>
</html>
Try it yourself: Background the old way
<html>
<body bgcolor="yellow">

<h2>Look: Colored Background!</h2>

<p>For future proof HTML, use HTML styles instead:</p>


<p>style="background-color:yellow"</p>

</body>
</html>
Font Family, Color and Size
<p style="font-family:courier new; color:red; font-size:20px">
The style attribute defines a style for the <p> element.
Try it yourself: Font Example
The new style attribute makes the old <font> tag obsolete.
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana">A heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:courier new; color:red; font-size:20px;">A paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself: Fonts the old way
<html>
<body>

<p><font size="2" face="Verdana">


This is a paragraph.
</font></p>

<p><font size="5" face="Times" color="red">


This is another paragraph.
</font></p>

</body>
</html>
Text Alignment
<h1 style="text-align:center">
The style attribute defines a style for the <h1> element.
Try it yourself: Centered heading
The new style attribute makes the old "align" attribute obsolete.
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="text-align:center">This is heading 1</h1>

<p>The heading above is aligned to the center of this page. The heading above is aligned to the
center of this page. The heading above is aligned to the center of this page.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way


<html>
<body>

<h1 align="center">This is heading 1</h1>

<p>The heading above is aligned to the center of this page. The heading above is aligned to the
center of this page. The heading above is aligned to the center of this page.</p>
</body>
</html>

HTML Links

A link is the "address" to a document (or a resource) on the web.

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML links
This example demonstrates how to create links in an HTML document.

<html>
<body>

<p>
<a href="lastpage.htm">
This text</a> is a link to a page on
this Web site.
</p>

<p>
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/">
This text</a> is a link to a page on
the World Wide Web.
</p>

</body>
</html>

Open a link in a new browser window


This example demonstrates how to link to another page by opening a new window, so that the
visitor does not have to leave your Web site.

<html>
<body>

<a href="lastpage.htm" target="_blank">Last Page</a>

<p>
If you set the target attribute of a link to "_blank",
the link will open in a new window.
</p>

</body>
</html>

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)


Hyperlinks, Anchors, and Links

In web terms, a hyperlink is a reference (an address) to a resource on the web.

Hyperlinks can point to any resource on the web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file, a movie,
etc.

An anchor is a term used to define a hyperlink destination inside a document.

The HTML anchor element <a>, is used to define both hyperlinks and anchors.

We will use the term HTML link when the <a> element points to a resource, and the term HTML
anchor when the <a> elements defines an address inside a document..

An HTML Link

Link syntax:

<a href="url">Link text</a>

The start tag contains attributes about the link.

The element content (Link text) defines the part to be displayed.

Note: The element content doesn't have to be text. You can link from an image or any other HTML
element.

The href Attribute

The href attribute defines the link "address".

This <a> element defines a link to W3Schools:

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools!</a>

The code above will display like this in a browser:

Visit W3Schools!

The target Attribute

The target attribute defines where the linked document will be opened.

The code below will open the document in a new browser window:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/"
target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

The name Attribute

When the name attribute is used, the <a> element defines a named anchor inside a HTML
document.

Named anchor are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Named anchor syntax:

<a name="label">Any content</a>

The link syntax to a named anchor:

<a href="#label">Any content</a>

The # in the href attribute defines a link to a named anchor.

Example:

A named anchor inside an HTML document:

<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

A link to the Useful Tips Section from the same document:

<a href="#tips">
Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

A link to the Useful Tips Section from another document:

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_tutorial.htm#tips">
Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this:
href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two HTTP requests to the server,
because the server will add a slash to the address and create a new request like this:
href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/"

Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document.
Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are
put at the top of the document.

If a browser cannot find a named anchor that has been specified, it goes to the top of the
document. No error occurs.
More Examples

An image as a link
This example demonstrates how to use an image as a link.

<html>
<body>
<p>
You can also use an image as a link:
<a href="lastpage.htm">
<img border="0" src="buttonnext.gif" width="65" height="38">
</a>
</p>

</body>
</html>

Link to a location on the same page


This example demonstrates how to use a link to jump to another part of a document.

Break out of a frame


This example demonstrates how to break out of a frame, if your site is locked in a frame.

<html>
<body>

<p>
<a href="#C4">See also Chapter 4.</a>
</p>

<h2>Chapter 1</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 2</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 3</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2><a name="C4">Chapter 4</a></h2>


<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 5</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 6</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 7</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 8</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 9</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>
<h2>Chapter 10</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 11</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 12</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 13</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 14</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 15</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 16</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

<h2>Chapter 17</h2>
<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p>

</body>
</html>

Create a mailto link


This example demonstrates how to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed).

<html>

<body>

<p>
This is a mail link:
<a href="mailto:someone@microsoft.com?subject=Hello%20again">
Send Mail</a>
</p>

<p>
<b>Note:</b> Spaces between words should be replaced by %20 to <b>ensure</b> that the
browser will display your text properly.
</p>

</body>
</html>

Create a mailto link 2


This example demonstrates a more complicated mailto link.

<html>

<body>

<p>
This is another mailto link:
<a
href="mailto:someone@microsoft.com?cc=someoneelse@microsoft.com&bcc=andsomeoneelse2@m
icrosoft.com&subject=Summer%20Party&body=You%20are%20invited%20to%20a%20big%20sum
mer%20party!">Send mail!</a>
</p>

<p>
<b>Note:</b> Spaces between words should be replaced by %20 to <b>ensure</b> that the
browser will display your text properly.
</p>

</body>
</html>

Link Tags
Tag Description
<a> Defines an anchor

HTML Images

Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it Yourself - Examples

Insert images
This example demonstrates how to display images in your Web page.

<html>
<body>

<p>

An image:

<img src="constr4.gif"

width="144" height="50">

</p>

<p>

A moving image:

<img src="hackanm.gif"

width="48" height="48">

</p>

<p>

Note that the syntax of inserting a moving image is no different from that of a non-moving image.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Insert images from different locations


This example demonstrates how to display images from another folder or another server in your
Web page.

<html>

<body>

<p>An image from another folder:</p>

<img src="/images/chrome.gif"
width="33" height="32">

<p>An image from W3Schools:</p>

<img src="http://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg"

width="104" height="142">

</body>

</html>

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

The Image Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it has no closing tag.

To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value
of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display on your page.

The syntax of defining an image:

<img src="url" />

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif" located in the
directory "images" on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL:
http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.

The browser puts the image where the image tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag
between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the
second paragraph.

The Alt Attribute

The alt attribute is used to define an "alternate text" for an image. The value of the alt attribute is
an author-defined text:

<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" />

The "alt" attribute tells the reader what he or she is missing on a page if the browser can't load
images. The browser will then display the alternate text instead of the image. It is a good practice
to include the "alt" attribute for each image on a page, to improve the display and usefulness of
your document for people who have text-only browsers.
Basic Notes - Useful Tips

If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading
images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.

More Examples

Background image
This example demonstrates how to add a background image to an HTML page.

<html>

<body background="background.jpg">

<h3>Look: A background image!</h3>

<p>Both gif and jpg files can be used as HTML backgrounds.</p>

<p>If the image is smaller than the page, the image will repeat itself.</p>

</body>

</html>

Aligning images
This example demonstrates how to align an image within the text.

<html>

<body>

<p>

An image

<img src="hackanm.gif"

align="bottom" width="48" height="48">


in the text

</p>

<p>

An image

<img src ="hackanm.gif"

align="middle" width="48" height="48">

in the text

</p>

<p>

An image

<img src ="hackanm.gif"

align="top" width="48" height="48">

in the text

</p>

<p>Note that bottom alignment is the default alignment</p>

<p>

An image

<img src ="hackanm.gif"

width="48" height="48">

in the text

</p>

<p>
<img src ="hackanm.gif"

width="48" height="48">

An image before the text

</p>

<p>

An image after the text

<img src ="hackanm.gif"

width="48" height="48">

</p>

</body>

</html>

Let the image float


This example demonstrates how to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph.

html>

<body>

<p>

<img src ="hackanm.gif"

align ="left" width="48" height="48">

A paragraph with an image. The align attribute of the image is set to "left". The image will float to
the left of this text.

</p>

<p>

<img src ="hackanm.gif"


align ="right" width="48" height="48">

A paragraph with an image. The align attribute of the image is set to "right". The image will float to
the right of this text.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Adjust images to different sizes


This example demonstrates how to adjust images to different sizes.

<html>

<body>

<p>

<img src="hackanm.gif"

width="20" height="20">

</p>

<p>

<img src="hackanm.gif"

width="45" height="45">

</p>

<p>

<img src="hackanm.gif"

width="70" height="70">

</p>

<p>
You can make a picture larger or smaller changing the values in the "height" and "width" attributes
of the

img tag.

</p>

Display an alternate text for an image


This example demonstrates how to display an alternate text for an image. The "alt" attribute tells
the reader what he or she is missing on a page if the browser can't load images. It is a good
practice to include the "alt" attribute for each image on a page.

<html>

<body>

<img src="goleft.gif" alt="Go Left" width="32" height="32">

<p>

Text-only browsers cannot display images and will only display the text that is specified in the "alt"
attribute for the image. Here, the "alt"-text is "Go Left".</p>

<p>

Note that if you hold the mouse pointer over the image, most browsers will display the "alt"-text.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Make a hyperlink of an image


This example demonstrates how to use an image as a link.

<html>

<body>

<p>

You can also use an image as a link:

<a href="lastpage.htm">
<img border="0" src="buttonnext.gif" width="65" height="38">

</a>

</p>

</body>

</html>

Create an image map


This example demonstrates how to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each of the regions
is a hyperlink.

<html>

<body>

<p>

Click on one of the planets to watch it closer:

</p>

<img src="planets.gif"

width="145" height="126"

usemap="#planetmap">

<map id="planetmap" name="planetmap">

<area shape="rect"

coords="0,0,82,126"

alt="Sun"

href="sun.htm">
<area shape="circle"

coords="90,58,3"

alt="Mercury"

href="mercur.htm">

<area shape="circle"

coords="124,58,8"

alt="Venus"

href="venus.htm">

</map>

<p><b>Note:</b> The "usemap" attribute in the img element refers to the "id" or "name"
(browser dependant) attribute in

the map element, therefore we have added both the "id" and "name" attributes to the map
element.</p>

</body>

</html>

Turn an image into an image map


This example demonstrates how to turn an image into an image map. You will see that if you move
the mouse over the image, the coordinates will be displayed on the status bar.

<html>

<body>

<p>

Move the mouse over the image, and look at the status bar to see how the

coordinates change.
</p>

<p>

<a href="tryhtml_ismap.htm">

<img src="planets.gif"

ismap width="146" height="126">

</a>

</p>

</body>

</html>

Image Tags
Tag Description
<img> Defines an image
<map> Defines an image map
<area> Defines a clickable area inside an image map

HTML Tables

HTML Tables

Apples 44%
Bananas 23%
Oranges 13%
Other 10%

Try it Yourself - Examples

Tables
How to define tables in an HTML document.

<html>
<body>

<p>
Each table starts with a table tag.
Each table row starts with a tr tag.
Each table data starts with a td tag.
</p>

<h4>One column:</h4>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
</table>

<h4>One row and three columns:</h4>


<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>100</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>300</td>
</tr>
</table>

<h4>Two rows and three columns:</h4>


<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>100</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>300</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>400</td>
<td>500</td>
<td>600</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

Table borders
This example demonstrates different table borders.

<html>

<body>

<h4>With a normal border:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<td>First</td>
<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With a thick border:</h4>

<table border="8">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With a very thick border:</h4>

<table border="15">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>
<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

More examples at the bottom of the page.

Tables

Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each
row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for "table data," which is the
content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal
rules, tables, etc.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2


row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute the table will be displayed without any borders. Sometimes
this can be useful, but most of the time, you want the borders to show.

To display a table with borders, you will have to use the border attribute:

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
Headings in a Table

Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Heading</th>
<th>Another Heading</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

Heading Another Heading


row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

Empty Cells in a Table

Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most browsers.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2


row 2, cell 1

Note that the borders around the empty table cell are missing (NB! Mozilla Firefox displays the
border).

To avoid this, add a non-breaking space (&nbsp;) to empty data cells, to make the borders visible:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>

How it looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2


row 2, cell 1

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

The <thead>,<tbody> and <tfoot> elements are seldom used, because of bad browser support.
Expect this to change in future versions of XHTML. If you have Internet Explorer 5.0 or newer, you
can view a working example in our XML tutorial.

More Examples

Table with no border


This example demonstrates a table with no borders.

<html>

<body>

<h4>This table has no borders:</h4>

<table>

<tr>

<td>100</td>

<td>200</td>

<td>300</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>400</td>
<td>500</td>

<td>600</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>And this table has no borders:</h4>

<table border="0">

<tr>

<td>100</td>

<td>200</td>

<td>300</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>400</td>

<td>500</td>

<td>600</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Headings in a table
This example demonstrates how to display table headers.

<html>

<body>

<h4>Table headers:</h4>
<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th>Telephone</th>

<th>Telephone</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

<td>555 77 854</td>

<td>555 77 855</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>Vertical headers:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>First Name:</th>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th>Telephone:</th>

<td>555 77 854</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th>Telephone:</th>

<td>555 77 855</td>

</tr>
</table>

</body>

</html>

Empty cells
This example demonstrates how to use "&nbsp;" to handle cells that have no content.

<html>

<body>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<td>Some text</td>

<td>Some text</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td></td>

<td>Some text</td>

</tr>

</table>

<p>

As you can see, one of the cells has no border. That is because it is empty. Try to insert a space in
the cell. Still it has no border.

</p>

<p>

The trick is to insert a no-breaking space in the cell.

</p>
<p>No-breaking space is a character entity. If you don't know what a character entity is, read the
chapter about it.

</p>

<p>The no-breaking space entity starts with an ampersand ("&"),

then the letters "nbsp", and ends with a semicolon (";")

</p>

<p>

</p>

</body>

</html>

Table with a caption


This example demonstrates a table with a caption.

<html>

<body>

<h4>

This table has a caption,

and a thick border:

</h4>

<table border="6">

<caption>My Caption</caption>

<tr>

<td>100</td>
<td>200</td>

<td>300</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>400</td>

<td>500</td>

<td>600</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Table cells that span more than one row/column


This example demonstrates how to define table cells that span more than one row or one column.

<html>

<body>

<h4>Cell that spans two columns:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

<td>555 77 854</td>

<td>555 77 855</td>
</tr>

</table>

<h4>Cell that spans two rows:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>First Name:</th>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>

<td>555 77 854</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>555 77 855</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Tags inside a table


This example demonstrates how to display elements inside other elements.

<html>

<body>

<h4>Cell that spans two columns:</h4>

<table border="1">
<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

<td>555 77 854</td>

<td>555 77 855</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>Cell that spans two rows:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>First Name:</th>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>

<td>555 77 854</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>555 77 855</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>
</html>

Cell padding
This example demonstrates how to use cellpadding to create more white space between the cell
content and its borders.

<html>

<body>

<h4>Cell that spans two columns:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

<td>555 77 854</td>

<td>555 77 855</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>Cell that spans two rows:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>First Name:</th>

<td>Bill Gates</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>
<td>555 77 854</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>555 77 855</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Cell spacing
This example demonstrates how to use cellspacing to increase the distance between the cells.

<html>

<body>

<h4>Without cellspacing:</h4>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With cellspacing:</h4>
<table border="1"

cellspacing="10">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Add a background color or a background image to a table


This example demonstrates how to add a background to a table.

<html>

<body>

<h4>A background color:</h4>

<table border="1"

bgcolor="red">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>
<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>A background image:</h4>

<table border="1"

background="bgdesert.jpg">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Add a background color or a background image to a table cell


This example demonstrates how to add a background to one or more table cells.

<html>

<body>
<h4>A background color:</h4>

<table border="1"

bgcolor="red">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>A background image:</h4>

<table border="1"

background="bgdesert.jpg">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>
</html>

Align the content in a table cell


This example demonstrates how to use the "align" attribute to align the content of cells, to create a
"nice-looking" table.

<html>

<body>

<table width="400" border="1">

<tr>

<th align="left">Money spent on....</th>

<th align="right">January</th>

<th align="right">February</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="left">Clothes</td>

<td align="right">$241.10</td>

<td align="right">$50.20</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="left">Make-Up</td>

<td align="right">$30.00</td>

<td align="right">$44.45</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="left">Food</td>

<td align="right">$730.40</td>

<td align="right">$650.00</td>
</tr>

<tr>

<th align="left">Sum</th>

<th align="right">$1001.50</th>

<th align="right">$744.65</th>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

The frame attribute


This example demonstrates how to use the "frame" attribute to control the borders around the
table.

<html>

<body>

<p>

If you see no frames around the tables in these examples, your browser is too old, or does not
support it.

</p>

<h4>With frame="border":</h4>

<table frame="border">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>
<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="box":</h4>

<table frame="box">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="void":</h4>

<table frame="void">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>
</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="above":</h4>

<table frame="above">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="below":</h4>

<table frame="below">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>
<h4>With frame="hsides":</h4>

<table frame="hsides">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="vsides":</h4>

<table frame="vsides">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="lhs":</h4>

<table frame="lhs">

<tr>
<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="rhs":</h4>

<table frame="rhs">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

The frame and border attributes


How to use the "frame" and "border" attributes to control the borders around the table.

<html>
<body>

<p>

If you see no frames around the tables in these examples, your browser is too old, or does not
support it.

</p>

<h4>With frame="border":</h4>

<table frame="border">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="box":</h4>

<table frame="box">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>
<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="void":</h4>

<table frame="void">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="above":</h4>

<table frame="above">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>
<h4>With frame="below":</h4>

<table frame="below">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="hsides":</h4>

<table frame="hsides">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="vsides":</h4>

<table frame="vsides">
<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="lhs":</h4>

<table frame="lhs">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h4>With frame="rhs":</h4>

<table frame="rhs">

<tr>

<td>First</td>

<td>Row</td>
</tr>

<tr>

<td>Second</td>

<td>Row</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Table Tags
Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<th> Defines a table header
<tr> Defines a table row
<td> Defines a table cell
<caption> Defines a table caption
<colgroup> Defines groups of table columns
<col> Defines the attribute values for one or more columns in a table
<thead> Defines a table head
<tbody> Defines a table body
<tfoot> Defines a table footer

HTML Lists

HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists.

HTML Lists

• This is the first


• This is the second

• This is the third


Try-It-Yourself Examples

Unordered list

Ordered list

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

Unordered Lists

An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black
circles).

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

Here is how it looks in a browser:

• Coffee
• Milk

Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

Ordered Lists

An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers.

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

Here is how it looks in a browser:

1. Coffee
2. Milk

Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

Definition Lists
A definition list is not a list of single items. It is a list of items (terms), with a description of each
item (term).

A definition list starts with a <dl> tag (definition list).

Each term starts with a <dt> tag (definition term).

Each description starts with a <dd> tag (definition description).

<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>Black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl>

Here is how it looks in a browser:

Coffee
Black hot drink
Milk
White cold drink

Inside the <dd> tag you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

More Examples

Different types of ordered lists


Demonstrates different types of ordered lists.

<html>

<body>

<h4>Numbered list:</h4>

<ol>

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>
<h4>Letters list:</h4>

<ol type="A">

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

<h4>Lowercase letters list:</h4>

<ol type="a">

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

<h4>Roman numbers list:</h4>

<ol type="I">

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

<h4>Lowercase Roman numbers list:</h4>

<ol type="i">

<li>Apples</li>
<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ol>

</body>

</html>

Different types of unordered Lists


Demonstrates different types of unordered lists.

<html>

<body>

<h4>Disc bullets list:</h4>

<ul type="disc">

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ul>

<h4>Circle bullets list:</h4>

<ul type="circle">

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>
</ul>

<h4>Square bullets list:</h4>

<ul type="square">

<li>Apples</li>

<li>Bananas</li>

<li>Lemons</li>

<li>Oranges</li>

</ul>

</body>

</html>

Nested list
Demonstrates how you can nest lists.

<html>

<body>

<h4>A nested List:</h4>

<ul>

<li>Coffee</li>

<li>Tea

<ul>

<li>Black tea</li>

<li>Green tea</li>

</ul>

</li>

<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

</body>

</html>

Nested list 2
Demonstrates a more complicated nested list.

<html>

<body>

<h4>A nested List:</h4>

<ul>

<li>Coffee</li>

<li>Tea

<ul>

<li>Black tea</li>

<li>Green tea

<ul>

<li>China</li>

<li>Africa</li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</li>

<li>Milk</li>

</ul>
</body>

</html>

Definition list
Demonstrates a definition list.

<html>

<body>

<h4>A Definition List:</h4>

<dl>

<dt>Coffee</dt>

<dd>Black hot drink</dd>

<dt>Milk</dt>

<dd>White cold drink</dd>

</dl>

</body>

</html>

List Tags
Tag Description
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dl> Defines a definition list
<dt> Defines a term (an item) in a definition list
<dd> Defines a description of a term in a definition list
<dir> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead
<menu> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead

HTML Forms and Input


HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

Try-It-Yourself Examples

Text fields
This example demonstrates how to create text fields on an HTML page. A user can write text in a
text field.

<html>

<body>

<form action="">

First name:

<input type="text" name="firstname">

<br>

Last name:

<input type="text" name="lastname">

</form>

</body>

</html>

Password fields
This example demonstrates how to create a password field on an HTML page.

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

<html>

<body>

<form action="">
Username:

<input type="text" name="user">

<br>

Password:

<input type="password" name="password">

</form>

<p>

Note that when you type characters in a password field, the browser displays asterisks or bullets
instead of the characters.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Forms

A form is an area that can contain form elements.

Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like text fields, textarea fields,
drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form.

A form is defined with the <form> tag.

<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>

Input

The most used form tag is the <input> tag. The type of input is specified with the type attribute.
The most commonly used input types are explained below.

Text Fields

Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in a form.

<form>
First name:
<input type="text" name="firstname" />
<br />
Last name:
<input type="text" name="lastname" />
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

First name:
Last name:

Note that the form itself is not visible. Also note that in most browsers, the width of the text field is
20 characters by default.

Radio Buttons

Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of a limited number of choices.

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male
<br />
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

Male
Female

Note that only one option can be chosen.

Checkboxes

Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or more options of a limited number of
choices.

<form>
I have a bike:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" />
<br />
I have a car:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" />
<br />
I have an airplane:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Airplane" />
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

I have a bike:
I have a car:
I have an airplane:

The Form's Action Attribute and the Submit Button

When the user clicks on the "Submit" button, the content of the form is sent to the server. The
form's action attribute defines the name of the file to send the content to. The file defined in the
action attribute usually does something with the received input.
<form name="input" action="html_form_submit.asp" method="get">
Username:
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

Username:

If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will
send your input to a page called "html_form_submit.asp". The page will show you the received
input.

More Examples

Checkboxes
This example demonstrates how to create check-boxes on an HTML page. A user can select or
unselect a checkbox.

<html>

<body>

<form action="">

I have a bike:

<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">

<br />

I have a car:

<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">

<br />

I have an airplane:

<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Airplane">

</form>

</body>

</html>
Radio buttons
This example demonstrates how to create radio-buttons on an HTML page.

<html>

<body>

<form action="">

Male:

<input type="radio" checked="checked"

name="Sex" value="male">

<br>

Female:

<input type="radio"

name="Sex" value="female">

</form>

<p>

When a user clicks on a radio-button, the button becomes checked, and all other buttons with the
same name become unchecked

</p>

</body>

</html>

Simple drop down box


This example demonstrates how to create a simple drop-down box on an HTML page. A drop-down
box is a selectable list.

<html>

<body>
<form action="">

<select name="cars">

<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>

<option value="saab">Saab</option>

<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>

<option value="audi">Audi</option>

</select>

</form>

</body>

</html>

Another drop down box


This example demonstrates how to create a simple drop-down box with a pre-selected value.

<html>

<body>

<form action="">

<select name="cars">

<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>

<option value="saab">Saab</option>

<option value="fiat" selected="selected">Fiat</option>

<option value="audi">Audi</option>

</select>

</form>
</body>

</html>

Textarea
This example demonstrates how to create a text-area (a multi-line text input control). A user can
write text in the text-area. In a text-area you can write an unlimited number of characters.

This example cannot be edited

because our editor uses a textarea

for input,

and your browser does not allow

a textarea inside a textarea.

Create a button
This example demonstrates how to create a button. On the button you can define your own text.

<html>

<body>

<form action="">

<input type="button" value="Hello world!">

</form>
</body>

</html>

Fieldset around data


This example demonstrates how to draw a border with a caption around your data.

<html>

<body>

<fieldset>

<legend>

Health information:

</legend>

<form action="">

Height <input type="text" size="3">

Weight <input type="text" size="3">

</form>

</fieldset>

<p>

If there is no border around the input form, your browser is too old.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Form Examples
Form with input fields and a submit button
This example demonstrates how to add a form to a page. The form contains two input fields and a
submit button.

<html>

<body>

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">

Type your first name:

<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="Mickey" size="20">

<br>Type your last name:

<input type="text" name="LastName" value="Mouse" size="20">

<br>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

<p>

If you click the "Submit" button, you will send your input to a new page called
html_form_action.asp.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Form with checkboxes


This form contains three checkboxes, and a submit button.

<html>

<body>
<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">

Type your first name:

<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="Mickey" size="20">

<br>Type your last name:

<input type="text" name="LastName" value="Mouse" size="20">

<br>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

<p>

If you click the "Submit" button, you will send your input to a new page called
html_form_action.asp.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Form with radio buttons


This form contains two radio buttons, and a submit button.

<html>

<body>

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">

Male:

<input type="radio" name="Sex" value="Male" checked="checked">

<br>

Female:
<input type="radio" name="Sex" value="Female">

<br>

<input type ="submit" value ="Submit">

</form>

<p>

If you click the "Submit" button, you will send your input to a new page called
html_form_action.asp.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Send e-mail from a form


This example demonstrates how to send e-mail from a form.

<html>

<body>

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">

Male:

<input type="radio" name="Sex" value="Male" checked="checked">

<br>

Female:

<input type="radio" name="Sex" value="Female">

<br>

<input type ="submit" value ="Submit">

</form>
<p>

If you click the "Submit" button, you will send your input to a new page called
html_form_action.asp.

</p>

</body>

</html>

Form Tags
Tag Description
<form> Defines a form for user input
<input> Defines an input field
<textarea> Defines a text-area (a multi-line text input control)
<label> Defines a label to a control
<fieldset> Defines a fieldset
<legend> Defines a caption for a fieldset
<select> Defines a selectable list (a drop-down box)
<optgroup> Defines an option group
<option> Defines an option in the drop-down box
<button> Defines a push button
<isindex> Deprecated. Use <input> instead

HTML Colors

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values

HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal (hex) notation for the combination of Red, Green, and
Blue color values (RGB).

The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (hex 00). The highest value is
255 (hex FF).

Hex values are written as 3 double digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Values
Color Color HEX Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)

#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)

#00FF00 rgb(0,255,0)

#0000FF rgb(0,0,255)

#FFFF00 rgb(255,255,0)

#00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)

#FF00FF rgb(255,0,255)

#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)

#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green and Blue values from 0 to 255 gives a total of more than 16 million
different colors to play with (256 x 256 x 256).

Most modern monitors are capable of displaying at least 16384 different colors.

If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255,
while keeping the green and blue light at zero.

To see a full list of color mixes when the red light varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the hex or
rgb values below.

Red Light Color HEX Color RGB


#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080000 rgb(8,0,0)
#100000 rgb(16,0,0)
#180000 rgb(24,0,0)
#200000 rgb(32,0,0)
#280000 rgb(40,0,0)
#300000 rgb(48,0,0)
#380000 rgb(56,0,0)
#400000 rgb(64,0,0)
#480000 rgb(72,0,0)
#500000 rgb(80,0,0)
#580000 rgb(88,0,0)
#600000 rgb(96,0,0)
#680000 rgb(104,0,0)
#700000 rgb(112,0,0)
#780000 rgb(120,0,0)
#800000 rgb(128,0,0)
#880000 rgb(136,0,0)
#900000 rgb(144,0,0)
#980000 rgb(152,0,0)
#A00000 rgb(160,0,0)
#A80000 rgb(168,0,0)
#B00000 rgb(176,0,0)
#B80000 rgb(184,0,0)
#C00000 rgb(192,0,0)
#C80000 rgb(200,0,0)
#D00000 rgb(208,0,0)
#D80000 rgb(216,0,0)
#E00000 rgb(224,0,0)
#E80000 rgb(232,0,0)
#F00000 rgb(240,0,0)
#F80000 rgb(248,0,0)
#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray

Gray colors are displayed using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. To make it
easier for you to select the right gray color we have compiled a table of gray shades for you:

Gray Shades Color HEX Color RGB


#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080808 rgb(8,8,8)
#101010 rgb(16,16,16)
#181818 rgb(24,24,24)
#202020 rgb(32,32,32)
#282828 rgb(40,40,40)
#303030 rgb(48,48,48)
#383838 rgb(56,56,56)
#404040 rgb(64,64,64)
#484848 rgb(72,72,72)
#505050 rgb(80,80,80)
#585858 rgb(88,88,88)
#606060 rgb(96,96,96)
#686868 rgb(104,104,104)
#707070 rgb(112,112,112)
#787878 rgb(120,120,120)
#808080 rgb(128,128,128)
#888888 rgb(136,136,136)
#909090 rgb(144,144,144)
#989898 rgb(152,152,152)
#A0A0A0 rgb(160,160,160)
#A8A8A8 rgb(168,168,168)
#B0B0B0 rgb(176,176,176)
#B8B8B8 rgb(184,184,184)
#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
#C8C8C8 rgb(200,200,200)
#D0D0D0 rgb(208,208,208)
#D8D8D8 rgb(216,216,216)
#E0E0E0 rgb(224,224,224)
#E8E8E8 rgb(232,232,232)
#F0F0F0 rgb(240,240,240)
#F8F8F8 rgb(248,248,248)
#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

Cross-Browser Color Names

A collection of nearly 150 color names are supported by all major browsers.

View the cross-browser color names

Web Standard Color Names

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has listed 16 valid color names for HTML and CSS:

aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white,
and yellow.

If you want to use other colors, you should specify their HEX value.

Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe
Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.

The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the
colors correctly when running a 256 color palette.

This is not important now, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway
here is the list:

000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF


003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF
006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF
009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF
00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF
00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF
330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF
333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF
336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF
339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF
33CC00 33CC33 33CC66 33CC99 33CCCC 33CCFF
33FF00 33FF33 33FF66 33FF99 33FFCC 33FFFF
660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF
663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF
666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF
669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF
66CC00 66CC33 66CC66 66CC99 66CCCC 66CCFF
66FF00 66FF33 66FF66 66FF99 66FFCC 66FFFF
990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF
993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF
996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF
999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF
99CC00 99CC33 99CC66 99CC99 99CCCC 99CCFF
99FF00 99FF33 99FF66 99FF99 99FFCC 99FFFF
CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF
CC3300 CC3333 CC3366 CC3399 CC33CC CC33FF
CC6600 CC6633 CC6666 CC6699 CC66CC CC66FF
CC9900 CC9933 CC9966 CC9999 CC99CC CC99FF
CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF
CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF
FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF
FF3300 FF3333 FF3366 FF3399 FF33CC FF33FF
FF6600 FF6633 FF6666 FF6699 FF66CC FF66FF
FF9900 FF9933 FF9966 FF9999 FF99CC FF99FF
FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF
FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF

HTML Color Names

Color Names Supported by All Browsers

The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by all major browsers.

You can click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with
different text colors.

Sorted by Names
Link: Same list sorted by values

Color Name Color HEX Color


AliceBlue #F0F8FF
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7
Aqua #00FFFF
Aquamarine #7FFFD4
Azure #F0FFFF
Beige #F5F5DC
Bisque #FFE4C4
Black #000000
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD
Blue #0000FF
BlueViolet #8A2BE2
Brown #A52A2A
BurlyWood #DEB887
CadetBlue #5F9EA0
Chartreuse #7FFF00
Chocolate #D2691E
Coral #FF7F50
CornflowerBlue #6495ED
Cornsilk #FFF8DC
Crimson #DC143C
Cyan #00FFFF
DarkBlue #00008B
DarkCyan #008B8B
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B
DarkGray #A9A9A9
DarkGreen #006400
DarkKhaki #BDB76B
DarkMagenta #8B008B
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F
Darkorange #FF8C00
DarkOrchid #9932CC
DarkRed #8B0000
DarkSalmon #E9967A
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F
DarkTurquoise #00CED1
DarkViolet #9400D3
DeepPink #FF1493
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF
DimGray #696969
DodgerBlue #1E90FF
FireBrick #B22222
FloralWhite #FFFAF0
ForestGreen #228B22
Fuchsia #FF00FF
Gainsboro #DCDCDC
GhostWhite #F8F8FF
Gold #FFD700
GoldenRod #DAA520
Gray #808080
Green #008000
GreenYellow #ADFF2F
HoneyDew #F0FFF0
HotPink #FF69B4
IndianRed #CD5C5C
Indigo #4B0082
Ivory #FFFFF0
Khaki #F0E68C
Lavender #E6E6FA
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5
LawnGreen #7CFC00
LemonChiffon #FFFACD
LightBlue #ADD8E6
LightCoral #F08080
LightCyan #E0FFFF
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2
LightGrey #D3D3D3
LightGreen #90EE90
LightPink #FFB6C1
LightSalmon #FFA07A
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA
LightSlateGray #778899
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE
LightYellow #FFFFE0
Lime #00FF00
LimeGreen #32CD32
Linen #FAF0E6
Magenta #FF00FF
Maroon #800000
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA
MediumBlue #0000CD
MediumOrchid #BA55D3
MediumPurple #9370D8
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC
MediumVioletRed #C71585
MidnightBlue #191970
MintCream #F5FFFA
MistyRose #FFE4E1
Moccasin #FFE4B5
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD
Navy #000080
OldLace #FDF5E6
Olive #808000
OliveDrab #6B8E23
Orange #FFA500
OrangeRed #FF4500
Orchid #DA70D6
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA
PaleGreen #98FB98
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE
PaleVioletRed #D87093
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5
PeachPuff #FFDAB9
Peru #CD853F
Pink #FFC0CB
Plum #DDA0DD
PowderBlue #B0E0E6
Purple #800080
Red #FF0000
RosyBrown #BC8F8F
RoyalBlue #4169E1
SaddleBrown #8B4513
Salmon #FA8072
SandyBrown #F4A460
SeaGreen #2E8B57
SeaShell #FFF5EE
Sienna #A0522D
Silver #C0C0C0
SkyBlue #87CEEB
SlateBlue #6A5ACD
SlateGray #708090
Snow #FFFAFA
SpringGreen #00FF7F
SteelBlue #4682B4
Tan #D2B48C
Teal #008080
Thistle #D8BFD8
Tomato #FF6347
Turquoise #40E0D0
Violet #EE82EE
Wheat #F5DEB3
White #FFFFFF
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5
Yellow #FFFF00
YellowGreen #9ACD32

Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.

The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white,
and yellow.

If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.

HTML Color Values

Color Names Supported by All Browsers

The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by all major browsers.

You can click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with
different text colors.

Sorted by HEX Value

Link: Same list sorted by names

Color Name Color HEX Color


Black #000000
Navy #000080
DarkBlue #00008B
MediumBlue #0000CD
Blue #0000FF
DarkGreen #006400
Green #008000
Teal #008080
DarkCyan #008B8B
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF
DarkTurquoise #00CED1
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A
Lime #00FF00
SpringGreen #00FF7F
Aqua #00FFFF
Cyan #00FFFF
MidnightBlue #191970
DodgerBlue #1E90FF
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA
ForestGreen #228B22
SeaGreen #2E8B57
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F
LimeGreen #32CD32
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371
Turquoise #40E0D0
RoyalBlue #4169E1
SteelBlue #4682B4
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC
Indigo #4B0082
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F
CadetBlue #5F9EA0
CornflowerBlue #6495ED
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA
DimGray #696969
SlateBlue #6A5ACD
OliveDrab #6B8E23
SlateGray #708090
LightSlateGray #778899
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE
LawnGreen #7CFC00
Chartreuse #7FFF00
Aquamarine #7FFFD4
Maroon #800000
Purple #800080
Olive #808000
Gray #808080
SkyBlue #87CEEB
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA
BlueViolet #8A2BE2
DarkRed #8B0000
DarkMagenta #8B008B
SaddleBrown #8B4513
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F
LightGreen #90EE90
MediumPurple #9370D8
DarkViolet #9400D3
PaleGreen #98FB98
DarkOrchid #9932CC
YellowGreen #9ACD32
Sienna #A0522D
Brown #A52A2A
DarkGray #A9A9A9
LightBlue #ADD8E6
GreenYellow #ADFF2F
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE
PowderBlue #B0E0E6
FireBrick #B22222
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B
MediumOrchid #BA55D3
RosyBrown #BC8F8F
DarkKhaki #BDB76B
Silver #C0C0C0
MediumVioletRed #C71585
IndianRed #CD5C5C
Peru #CD853F
Chocolate #D2691E
Tan #D2B48C
LightGrey #D3D3D3
PaleVioletRed #D87093
Thistle #D8BFD8
Orchid #DA70D6
GoldenRod #DAA520
Crimson #DC143C
Gainsboro #DCDCDC
Plum #DDA0DD
BurlyWood #DEB887
LightCyan #E0FFFF
Lavender #E6E6FA
DarkSalmon #E9967A
Violet #EE82EE
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA
LightCoral #F08080
Khaki #F0E68C
AliceBlue #F0F8FF
HoneyDew #F0FFF0
Azure #F0FFFF
SandyBrown #F4A460
Wheat #F5DEB3
Beige #F5F5DC
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5
MintCream #F5FFFA
GhostWhite #F8F8FF
Salmon #FA8072
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7
Linen #FAF0E6
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2
OldLace #FDF5E6
Red #FF0000
Fuchsia #FF00FF
Magenta #FF00FF
DeepPink #FF1493
OrangeRed #FF4500
Tomato #FF6347
HotPink #FF69B4
Coral #FF7F50
Darkorange #FF8C00
LightSalmon #FFA07A
Orange #FFA500
LightPink #FFB6C1
Pink #FFC0CB
Gold #FFD700
PeachPuff #FFDAB9
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD
Moccasin #FFE4B5
Bisque #FFE4C4
MistyRose #FFE4E1
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5
SeaShell #FFF5EE
Cornsilk #FFF8DC
LemonChiffon #FFFACD
FloralWhite #FFFAF0
Snow #FFFAFA
Yellow #FFFF00
LightYellow #FFFFE0
Ivory #FFFFF0
White #FFFFFF

Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.

The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white,
and yellow.

If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.

HTML 4.01 Quick List

HTML Quick List from W3Schools. Print it, fold it, and put it in your pocket.

HTML Basic Document

<html>
<head>
<title>Document name goes here</title>
</head>

<body>
Visible text goes here
</body>

</html>

Heading Elements
<h1>Largest Heading</h1>

<h2> . . . </h2>
<h3> . . . </h3>
<h4> . . . </h4>
<h5> . . . </h5>

<h6>Smallest Heading</h6>
Text Elements
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<br> (line break)
<hr> (horizontal rule)
<pre>This text is preformatted</pre>

Logical Styles
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
<strong>This text is strong</strong>
<code>This is some computer code</code>

Physical Styles
<b>This text is bold</b>
<i>This text is italic</i>

Links, Anchors, and Image Elements


<a href="http://www.example.com/">This is a Link</a>
<a href="http://www.example.com/"><img src="URL" alt="Alternate Text"></a>
<a href="mailto:webmaster@example.com">Send e-mail</a>

A named anchor:
<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>
<a href="#tips">Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

Unordered list
<ul>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Next item</li>
</ul>

Ordered list
<ol>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Next item</li>
</ol>

Definition list
<dl>
<dt>First term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
<dt>Next term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
</dl>

Tables

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>someheader</th>
<th>someheader</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sometext</td>
<td>sometext</td>
</tr>
</table>
Frames

<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="page1.htm">
<frame src="page2.htm">
</frameset>

Forms
<form action="http://www.example.com/test.asp" method="post/get">

<input type="text" name="lastname" value="Nixon" size="30" maxlength="50">


<input type="password">
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked">
<input type="radio" checked="checked">
<input type="submit">
<input type="reset">
<input type="hidden">

<select>
<option>Apples
<option selected>Bananas
<option>Cherries
</select>

<textarea name="Comment" rows="60" cols="20"></textarea>

</form>

Entities
&lt; is the same as <
&gt; is the same as >
&#169; is the same as ©

Other Elements

<!-- This is a comment -->

<blockquote>
Text quoted from some source.
</blockquote>

<address>
Address 1<br>
Address 2<br>
City<br>
</address>

Source : http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_quick.asp

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