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RFT (FT: QTTQ (Il". (T QT /5H

1. The document provides information on four indigenous societies in Bangladesh: the Chakma, Garo, Shantal, and Monipuri societies. 2. It discusses the Garo Society of Bangladesh in particular, noting that they originate from the Garo Hills region and were first documented by B. Bonerjee. 3. Key facts provided include that there are approximately 800,000 Garo people, with around 300,000 living in Bangladesh. The document also discusses their social structure, household practices, and religious beliefs.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
92 views

RFT (FT: QTTQ (Il". (T QT /5H

1. The document provides information on four indigenous societies in Bangladesh: the Chakma, Garo, Shantal, and Monipuri societies. 2. It discusses the Garo Society of Bangladesh in particular, noting that they originate from the Garo Hills region and were first documented by B. Bonerjee. 3. Key facts provided include that there are approximately 800,000 Garo people, with around 300,000 living in Bangladesh. The document also discusses their social structure, household practices, and religious beliefs.

Uploaded by

KHAN1206
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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the Chakma, The Garo, The Shantal &


The Moniputi Societies of Bangladesh
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