CADASTRAL SURVEYING I SUG 160

MOHD ADHAR BIN ABD SAMAD DEPARTMENT OF GEOMATIC SCIENCE FACULTY OF ARCHITECHTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING UiTM PERLIS

3 Field

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, students should be able: To explain the Fieldwork datum, coordinate projection system, use of CRM, method of data collection, Integrity of cadastral data, type of boundary marks, distances between boundaries; survey connections; offsets. Calibration of Total Station and GPS for cadastral surveying.

DATUM
A datum is a reference from which measurements are made. In surveying, a datum is a reference point on the earth's surface against which position measurements are made, and an associated model of the shape of the earth for computing positions.

DATUM
Horizontal datum are used for describing a point on the earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datum are used to measure elevations or underwater depths. In engineering and drafting, a datum is a reference point, surface, or axis on an object against which measurements are made.

DATUM in Cadastral Surveying

In cadastral survey, datum is a line consist of adopted/proved bearing and the distance and it will become reference line to start survey job. Datum also be used to find fixed or permanent coordinate. Without good datum(condition), the surveyor will not achieve a good job or satisfy. Than the errors occurred overlap and land encroachment between a lots.

Criterion and types of Datum

1. Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM) station that used: a)at least two new CRM station that separated and not less than 30 metre made simultaneous observation via MyRTKnet method for first CRM station and method static for second station; or b)at least two new CRM that separated and not less than 30 metres made simultaneous observation with static method for both prints; or

Datum
c) at least two new CRM stations that separated and not less than 30 metres made observation with MyRTKnet method for both station in one initializes; or d) at least two new CRM stations that separated not less than 75 meter made observation with MyRTKnet method real time for both stations in two initializes; or e) if two old CRM station used, it need to be proved the position with third station with angular measurement and distance measurement whether from CRM old or NDCDB near; or

DATUM
2. two marks measurement from NDCDB that separated not less than 40 meter which that exact position has proved with direct measurement or traverse and calculation, together with astronomical observation for azimuth or MyRTKnet observation; or 3. two marks measurement contiguous from NDCDB that proved the position and establishing with third mark with measure angle and distance or with traverse and place in exact position.

Datum Condition according Circular 2002

Jarak garisan yang hendak dijadikan datum hendaklah melebihi 30 meter dan memenuhi had anjakan yang dibenarkan iaitu: i. ii. Bagi garisan yang tidak melebihi 40 m bearing melebihi 01 dan jarak melebihi 0.015 meter atau Bagi garisan yang melebihi 40 m bearing melebihi 30 dan jarak melebihi 0.006 meter setiap 20 meter, dengan anjakan maksimum 0.050 meter.

Datum Condition according Circular 2002

Manakala sudut dalaman di antara dua garisan yang diperoleh mengikut prosedur asas penentuan datum hendaklah tidak melebihi 10, sekiranya ukuran terdahulu adalah dalam kelas dua tidak melebihi 20

Datum Conditions according to circular no 5 and 6 2009

Line distance (datum) should exceeding 30 meter and the vector displacement limit is less than 0.050 meter for urban/town and new development area. The rural area, the difference of vector displacement is 0.100 meter. The internal angle between two lines that obtained in accordance with procedure 4.1.1 (iii) should do not exceed 10.

Coordinate Projection System

All measurements in Peninsular Malaysia must utilize Cassini Geocentric Coordinate System while RSO System Geocentric used to Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.

Use of CRM
Cadastre surveying can be done by making connecting to CRM station or old boundary mark that have been proved the position Traverse should be closed to nearest CRM station or old boundary marks that proved it position and not exceeding 25 stations or control bearing carried out with astronomical observation. For new development zone namely development area housing and commercial, CRM station with grid maximum gap 500 metre x 500 metre or present CRM station necessary created for traverse control

Method of data collection.

GPS conventional/RTK/GNSS Traverse (Bearing/Distance) Radiation INTERSECTION RESECTION

RTK method/GPS conventional

1

11

2 10 8 3

7 6 5

Data collection using RTK and GPS conventional method. Final output in full coordinates and used in large area and open skies.

Traverse
Bearing and distance observation. Observation on both faces (FL and FR) Record as two separate observation Open traverse and close traverse Must closed to nearest CRM station or old boundary marks and every 25 stations or 1 km.

TRAVERSING
A traverse consist of consecutive line related by horizontal angle (bearing) and length (distance). Traverse may be classified as: i. Closed traverse. ii. Open traverse

CLOSED TRAVERSE
When complete cycle is made and consequently the work can be checked and adjusted. A closed traverse begin and end on the same point (polygon traverse) or begin with known point and ending at another known point (link traverse).

CLOSED TRAVERSE

polygon traverse

CLOSED TRAVERSE

link traverse

OPEN TRAVERSE
Open traverse begin with known point and ending with unknown point. The reliability of traverse cannot be checked. Useful when the survey is a long narrow strip.

OPEN TRAVERSE

Traverse Method
10

8 6 9 11

13

14 12 7 5 16 3 4 18 2 15 17

Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6-8-10-13-14-1 Radiation Method : 5-7, 6-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-12, 13-15, 14-16, 14-17 & 1-18

Radiation
Bearing and distance observation

Observation on both faces (FL and FR)

Record as two separate observation Maximum distance 300m

Radiation Method
G

H J

F 3

A B

5 4 E D 2 C

Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6 Radiation Method : 2-A, 2-B, 2-C, 2-D, 3-E, 3-F, 3-G, 4-H & 4-J

Intersection
Bearing and distance observation Observation on single face
Observation are made from 2 difference station.

Intersection Method
H

J F

A B 3

5 4 E D 2 C

Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6 Intersection Method : 2-A, 2-B, 2-C, 2-D, 2-H, 3-E, 3-F, 3-G, 3-H, 3-A, 3B, 3-C, 3-D, 4-E, 4-J, 4-G, 4-F & 6-J

Resection
Bearing and distance observation Observation on single face
Observation are made on 3 difference station and the coordinate values are known

Resection Method
H

J F

A B 3

5 4 E D 2 C

Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6 Resection Method : D-1,D-2,D-3,C-1,C-2,C-3,B-1,B-2,B-3,A-1,A-2,A-3,E-2, E-3,E-4,H-3,H-4,H-5,G-3,G-4,G-5,F-4,F-5,F-6,J-4,J-5,J-6

Integrity of Cadastral Data

All measurement must assumed as valid in observation and cannot disputed if followed: 1. All instrument must calibrate and follow Circular that mention by JUPEM 2. All observation must followed guide line and procedure as stated by JUPPEM

Type of Boundary Mark

In Circular 2009, the boundary marks : 1. Concrete stone, concrete pillar, granite stone, iron pipe with followed the size as stated by JUPEM. 2. Nail and iron nail with concrete; 3. Mark on stone (hole with arrow sign) 4. Any marks that allowed by JUPEM.

Concrete Stone
Batu konkrit bertulang 600 mm panjang, garis pusat 75 mm, mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen Batu yang ditanam oleh JUPEM bertanda JUP. Bagi batu bernombor nombor siri dicetak menggantikan JUP tersebut Batu yang ditanam oleh JTB tiada sebarang pengenalan diatasnya

Concrete Stone

Concrete Pillar
Tiang konkrit bertetulang Panjangnya 1200 mm 1800 mm Berbentuk silinder Garispusat 70 mm Mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen

Concrete Pillar

Granite Stone (BL)

Batu granit berbentuk empat segi 80mm lebar, 120 mm panjang & 600 mm tinggi Mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen

Granite Stone (BL)

Iron Pipe (PL)

Panjang 900 mm dengan garispusat antara 25 mm 50 mm Sebaiknya disalut tar atau disadur logam supaya tahan karat Lubang paip dibahagian atas mestilah ditutup sebaik-baiknya dengan konkrit yang mempunyai tanda bagi titik stesen

Iron Pipe

Nail
Panjang tidak kurang 55 mm bergarispusat 8 mm Kepala paku bergarispusat 15 mm Penutup bergarispusat 46 mm Mempunyai tanda bagi titik stesen

PEPAKU BESI
Panjang 100 mm bergarispusat 12 mm Kepada pepaku bergaris pusat 25 mm Mempunyai tanda bagi titik stesen

MARK ON ROCK
Ditandakan di atas permukaan batu dengan cara menebuk lubang sebagai tanda titik stesen Satu penunjuk anak panah dipahat menghala ke lubang tersebut

Distance between Boundary

Any boundary mark on straight line should be plant with gap not exceed 300 meter if it visible sight, or 200 meter for invisible sight; A boundary line that folowed arc shuld be marked at the end of perentas in order normal distance from arc to perentas not exceed 0.2 meter. Minimum distance of boundary marks are 0.1 meter.

Survey Connection: Offsets

Refer Circular 2009 No 6 Page 46-47 Is necessary to show any permanent features (e.g. rivers, road, building, etc.) on the lots into CP or plan for matters following:

Survey Connection: Offsets

(a) route existing above land for authority creation right of access under Regulation 48; (b)any obstacle that nearby reference mark "No Sign (T.T); (c) any building or building remain such as drain, fence and other that lies within lot and above boundary; and (d) any details remain including river, lake, system route transport and power supply tower electric that is nearby measure line.

INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
Merujuk kepada Peraturan Ukur Kadaster 2002 (PUK 2002), Bab II Para 21: i. Dalam menjalankan kerja ukuran, Pegawai ukur atau Jurukur Tanah Berlesen, hendaklah memastikan alatalat ukur yang digunakan dibuat tentukuran (calibration) mengikut prosedur dan dalam tempoh yang ditetapkan oleh Jabatan ii. Hasil calibration alat-alat hendaklah disahkan oleh Pengarah Ukur atau pegawai yang diberi kuasa oleh Pengarah Ukur dan disimpan sebagai rekod

EDM CALIBRATION
Pekeliling KPUP 6/1986 Peraturan Untuk Penggunaan Alat Ukur Jarak Elektronik (EDM) bagi Kerja Ukur Kadaster.Pekeliling ini menetapkan keperluan teknikal dan prosedur penggunaan alat EDM dalam kerja ukur kadaster. Pekeliling KPUP 3/1986 Penggunaan Alat Ukur Jarak Elektronik (EDM) Untuk Ukur Kadaster. Pekeliling ini membenarkan serta mengalakkan penggunaan alat EDM dalam kerja ukur kadaster dan mewujudkan peraturanperaturan berkaitan ujian alat EDM

EDM CALIBRATION
Dalam kerja ukur kadaster hanya EDM berjenis visible and infra-red lightwave yang digunapakai menurut peraturan. Terdiri daripada reflector satu prizam buatan dan jenis yang sama. Had maksimum constant error 10mm (perlu diservis).

EDM CALIBRATION
Alat-alat EDM/Total Station juga tertakluk kepada pengendalian ujian-ujian peringkat lain yang telah ditetapkan melalui PekelilingPekeliling KPUP Bil. 3/1986 dan Bil 6/1986 iaitu seperti berikut: i. Daily Check. ii. Differential Field Test. iii. EDM Baseline.

DAILY CHECK
Daily test should be carried out at the start of everyday job. It can be done by re-measuring the distant of the last surveyed line on the previous day. If the error is greater than 10mm, the differential field test need to be carried out to ascertain if the EDM is in acceptable working order.

VA

SD

(HD)CHECK DIFF.

E.G. DAILY CHECK

DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST (DFT)

The differential field test should be carried out at the start of every new survey job. It is important to ascertain if the EDM is in the acceptable working order. For work which started by using two (2) CRM which it is visible sight, DFT should be made on these line.

DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST

If exist difference of distance between direct observation use Total Station compared count result two (2) CRM station, result distance count two CRM station should use as final distance. The difference limit is not exceeding 0.020 metres.

DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST

For difference exceeding limits 0.020 meter, action following must be taken if; (a) DFT not exceed 0.010 meter, determination CRM must be done again. (b) DFT exceed the limit, the total station should make calibration.

Place two wood pegs (A and B) at least 50 meters apart on a flat surface.

Set up EDM at station A and reflector at station B Measure distant AB Place another peg at C on-line in between AB

Move EDM to C and set up another reflector at A Measure CA and CB Compare the distances AB with the resultant of CA and CB If the error is greater than 10mm, the EDM should be calibrated to ascertain if the EDM is in acceptable working order.

EDM BASELINE
Alat EDM/Total Station hendaklah menjalani peringkat tentukuran alat di Tapak Ujian EDM mengikut keadaan dan sela masa sebagaimana berikut: i. Sekali setiap enam (6) bulan. ii. Selepas diservis. iii. Apabila berlaku penggantian salah satu unit dalam sel alat EDM/Total Station. iv. Apabila berlaku kecacatan akibat jatuh atau lain-lain. v. Bacaan jarak pada posisi yang sama tidak lagi konsisten.

EDM BASELINE
JUPEM dengan kerjasama Lembaga Jurukur Tanah (LJT) telah membina tapak ujian alat yang pertama di Wangsa Maju, Setapak pada tahun 1985. Sehingga tahun 2002 terdapat 31 tapak ujian (19 tapak bagi menguji alat EDM & 13 tapak lagi untuk menguji alat GPS). Tapak ujian alat untuk negeri Perlis terletak di Sg Batu Pahat (EDM), UiTM Arau (GPS).

EDM BASELINE
Spesifikasi bagi pembinaan pilar ujian alat EDM dan GPS adalah sama Pilar dibina daripada konkrit setinggi 1.5 meter dan mempunyai tapak bersaiz 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m Satu plat stainless steel dengan skrew 5/8 inci dipasang ditengah pilar bagi menempatkan tribrach

EDM BASELINE

EDM BASELINE
Tapak ujian dibina dalam satu garisan lurus yang mempunyai 10 pilar Setiap pilar dikenali mengikut susunannya daripada pilar 1 hingga pilar 10 Jarak antara pilar 1 hingga pilar 10 adalah 300 meter menyamai jarak maksimum antara dua tanda sempadan yang dibenarkan mengikut PUK 2002

EDM BASELINE
Semua tapak ujian EDM & GPS yang siap dibina telah ditentukur secara berkala dengan menggunakan alat piawaian JUPEM. Tentukuran terhadap tapak EDM dijalankan sekurang-kurang sekali setahun bagi setiap tapak. Bahagian Kadaster JUPEM dipertanggungjawabkan untuk melaksanakan urusan tersebut dan mengeluarkan sijil-sijil kalibrasi Sijil kalibrasi ini mengandungi nilai jarak muktamad pilar-pilar yang diukur

EDM BASELINE
Tapak ujian EDM dan GPS diletakkan dibawah kawalan Pengarah Ukur dan Pemetaan Negeri. Kaedah tentukuran alat EDM serta cara menggunakan data ujian dihuraikan dalam Pekeliling KPUP 3/1986. Purata selisih malar tidak melebihi 10mm.

EDM BASELINE

Set up EDM at pillar 1. Measure distance 1-2, 1-3..1-10. Move EDM to pillar 2, and then measure distance 2-3, 2-42-10. After that, move EDM to any pillar example 3, and then measure distance 3-8, 3-9 and 3-10.

Nombor Dari

Tiang Ke

Jarak

Di Ukur

Jarak Mendatar (A) Jarak Seperti Asal (B)

Perbezaan Asas (A-B)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10

5.007 10.002 48.998 87.002 125.013 163.008 201.005 251.011 300.004 4.997 43.992 81.994 120.007 158.004 196.020 246.004 295.002 38.995 76.998 290.006

5.006 10.000 48.998 87.001 125.007 163.003 201.001 251.005 300.01 4.995 43.993 81.995 120.002 157.998 195.998 246.000 294.997 38.998 77.000 290.002

0.001 0.002 0 0.001 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.006 -0.006 0.002 -0.001 -0.001 0.005 0.006 0.022 0.004 0.005 -0.003 -0.002 0.004

0.06

0.06/20 = 0.003m Value is below than 10 mm, instrument is acceptable to use

Tutorial 1
What is calibration mean? Why the correction of the chain have to applied in the measurement. Given the correction table of the chain are as follows: Calculate the actual distance of the following survey line: