Al-Khawarizmi 08 Programming Competition

Hosted by International Islamic University Malaysia

2nd and 3rd July, 2008 You get 16 Pages 10 Problems & 300 Minutes

The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

A
Input Output

Square Numbers
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

A square number is an integer number whose square root is also an integer. For example 1, 4, 81 are some square numbers. Given two numbers a and b you will have to find out how many square numbers are there between a and b (inclusive).

The input file contains at most 201 lines of inputs. Each line contains two integers a and b (0<ab100000). Input is terminated by a line containing two zeroes. This line should not be processed.

For each line of input produce one line of output. This line contains an integer which denotes how many square numbers are there between a and b (inclusive).

Sample Input
1 4 1 10 0 0

Output for Sample Input

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The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

B
Input Output

Age Sort
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

You are given the ages (in years) of all people of a country with at least 1 year of age. You know that no individual in that country lives for 100 or more years. Now, you are given a very simple task of sorting all the ages in ascending order.

There are multiple test cases in the input file. Each case starts with an integer n (0<n<=2000000), the total number of people. In the next line, there are n integers indicating the ages. Input is terminated with a case where n = 0. This case should not be processed.

For each case, print a line with n space separated integers. These integers are the ages of that country sorted in ascending order. Warning: Input Data is pretty big (~ 25 MB) so use faster IO.

Sample Input
5 3 4 2 1 5 5 2 3 2 3 1 0

Output for Sample Input

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The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

Commandos
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

A group of commandos were assigned a critical task. They are to destroy an enemy head quarter. The enemy head quarter consists of several buildings and the buildings are connected by roads. The commandos must visit each building and place a bomb at the base of each building. They start their mission at the base of a particular building and from there they disseminate to reach each building. The commandos must use the available roads to travel between buildings. Any of them can visit one building after another, but they must all gather at a common place when their task in done. In this problem, you will be given the description of different enemy headquarters. Your job is to determine the minimum time needed to complete the mission. Each commando takes exactly one unit of time to move between buildings. You may assume that the time required to place a bomb is negligible. Each commando can carry unlimited number of bombs and there is an unlimited supply of commando troops for the mission.

Input
The first line of input contains a number T<50, where T denotes the number of test cases. Each case describes one head quarter scenario. The first line of each case starts with a positive integer N100, where N denotes the number of buildings in the head quarter. The next line contains a positive integer R, where R is the number of roads connecting two buildings. Each of the next R lines contain two distinct numbers, 0u,v<N, this means there is a road connecting building u to building v. The buildings are numbered from 0 to N-1. The last line of each case contains two integers 0s,d<N. Where s denotes the building from where the mission starts and d denotes the building where they must meet. You may assume that two buildings will be directly connected by at most one road. The input will be such that, it will be possible to go from any building to another by using one or more roads.

Output
For each case of input, there will be one line of output. It will contain the case number followed by the minimum time required to complete the mission. Look at the sample output for exact formatting.

Sample Input
2 4 3 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 1

Output for Sample Input

1 1 3 3

1 0

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D
Suppose we have a grid of size 4 x 4: 1010 1111 0100 0000

Even Parity
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

We have a grid of size N x N. Each cell of the grid initially contains a zero(0) or a one(1). The parity of a cell is the number of 1s surrounding that cell. A cell is surrounded by at most 4 cells (top, bottom, left, right).

1312 The parity of each cell would be 2331 2121 0100

For this problem, you have to change some of the 0s to 1s so that the parity of every cell becomes even. We are interested in the minimum number of transformations of 0 to 1 that is needed to achieve the desired requirement.

Input
The first line of input is an integer T (T<30) that indicates the number of test cases. Each case starts with a positive integer N(1N15). Each of the next N lines contain N integers (0/1) each. The integers are separated by a single space character.

Output
For each case, output the case number followed by the minimum number of transformations required. If it's impossible to achieve the desired result, then output -1 instead.

Sample Input
3 3 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

Output for Sample Input

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The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

Count the Polygons

A polygon is a plane figure that is bounded by a closed path and composed of a finite sequence of straight line segments. These segments are called its edges, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices.

You have got a set of N sticks of various lengths. How many ways can you choose K sticks from this set and form a polygon with K sides by joining the end points.

Input
The first line of input is an integer T (T<100) that indicates the number of test cases. Each case starts with a line containing 2 positive integers N and K ( 3N30 & 3KN ). The next line contains N positive integers in the range [1, 2^31), which represents the lengths of the available sticks. The integers are separated by a single space.

Output
For each case, output the case number followed by the number of valid polygons that can be formed by picking K sticks from the given N sticks.

Sample Input
4 4 3 10 10 6 4 1 1 1 4 3 10 20 6 6 2 3 4 20 20 1 1 1 30 100000000 5 6 7

Output for Sample Input

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F
Input Output

Largest Prime Divisor

All integer numbers are divisible by primes. If a number is divisible by more than one prime number, then it obviously has a largest prime divisor. The numbers which do not fall in this category do not have a largest prime divisor. Given a number N your job is to write a program that finds its largest prime divisor. An integer number n is divisible by another integer number m if there is an integer t such that mt=n.

The input file contains at most 450 sets of inputs. Each line contains a decimal integer N. N does not have more than 14 digits. Input is terminated by a line containing a single zero. So no other line except the last line contains a zero in the input. This line need not be processed.

For each line of the input produce one line of output. This line contains an integer LPD, which is the largest prime divisor of the input number N. If the input number is not divisible by more than one prime number output a -1.

Sample Input
2 6 100 0

Output for Sample Input

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The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

G
Input Output

Pythagorean Triangles
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

Many lattice triangles are formed in an (NxN) grid, but not all of them are Pythagorean (Right angled) triangles. Given the value of N your job is to write a program that produces the number of lattice triangles in an (NxN) grid. A lattice triangle is triangle whose three vertices are lattice points. A lattice point in two dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is a point whose abscissa and ordinate are integers.

The input file contains at most 15 lines of inputs. Each line contains an integer N (0<N<2001). Input is terminated by a line containing a single zero. This line should not be processed.

For each value of N produce one line of output which contains an integer T. Here T denotes the total number of right angled triangles in that (NxN) grid.

Sample Input
10 20 30 0

Output for Sample Input

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H
Input

Substring
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

Given a set of pattern strings, and a text, you have to find, if any of the pattern is a substring of the text. If any of the pattern string can be found in text, then print yes, otherwise no (without quotes). But, unfortunately, thats not what is asked here. The problem described above, requires a input file generator. The generator generates a text of length L, by choosing L characters randomly. Probability of choosing each character is given as priori, and independent of choosing others. Now, given a set of patterns, calculate the probability of a valid program generating no.

First line contains an integer T, the number of test cases. Each case starts with an integer K, the number of pattern strings. Next K lines each contain a pattern string, followed by an integer N, number of valid characters. Next N lines each contain a character and the probability of selecting that character, pi. Next an integer L, the length of the string generated. The generated text can consist of only the valid characters, given above. There will be a blank line after each test case.

Output
For each test case, output the number of test case, and the probability of getting a no.

Constraints
T 50 K 20 Length of each pattern string is between 1 and 20 Each pattern string consists of only alphanumeric characters (a to z, A to Z,0 to 9) Valid characters are all alphanumeric characters pi = 1 L 100

Sample Input
2 1 a 2 a 0.5 b 0.5 2

Output for Sample Input

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The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

2 ab ab 2 a 0.2 b 0.8 2

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The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

Treasure Hunt
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

Famous Archaeologist Dr. Asiana Jones has discovered something extraordinary. He found a thousand years old tomb, and discovered that there are thousands of treasure rooms beneath it. Each treasure room contains a chest full of treasure. There can be a number of tunnels to go from one room to another. But, since the tunnels are thousand years old(like the tomb itself), they are very fragile. You have to be very quick, and you can't use a tunnel more than once. Dr. Asiana Jones has managed to calculate the exact positions of all the tombs. But, as the rooms are beneath the tomb, he must dig a hole, one the floor to get to any of them. He doesn't want to dig more than one hole, because, otherwise, the whole tomb may become unstable. If Dr. Jones can start from any of the treasure room, find the maximum number of treasure he can collect. Dr. Jones has to start and end at the same room, since, that's the only way to get out of the tomb.

Input
First line of input contains an integer T, the number of test cases, followed by T scenarios. Each scenario starts with two integers, N and M, the number of treasure rooms, and the number of tunnels. Each treasure room is uniquely identified by an integer between 1 and N. Each of the following M lines each, contain two integers, the treasure rooms at the end of the corresponding tunnel. The tunnels can be traversed in any direction, but at most once. That is, if there is a tunnel between room 1 and 2, it can be used to move from room 1 to 2, or 2 to 1. But, after any of these move, you can't use this tunnel any more. There will be a blank line before each scenario.

Output
For each scenario, print the scenario number, followed by the maximum number of treasure to collect. Next line will contain a sequence of integers, the starting rooms, from where, you can collect maximum number of treasures. Constraints T 31 1 N 10,000 0 M 1,000,000

Sample Input
3 4 1 2 1 3 2 3 4

Output for Sample Input

3 3

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1 2 2 3 3 1 4 1 2 3 4 4 2 3 4 2

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The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

NIM Chess
Input: Standard Input Output: Standard Output

In recent days alice and bob are really bored with playing regular chess. Bob is much stronger chess player than alice and win every time. Although alice is a very good computer scientist but she can not apply her skill in the game because of large state space of this game. So alice has created a new variation of chess. This game is played in a very large board (an inifinite quarterplane). Each of the square can be represented by a pair of integer(r,c) denoting that the square is in row r and column c. Rows are numbered from 0 from up to down. Columns are numbered from 0 from left to right. 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6, 0,7 0,8 . 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6, 1,7 1,8 . 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6, 2,7 2,8 . 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6, 3,7 3,8 . 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6, 4,7 4,8 . 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6, 5,7 5,8 . 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6, 6,7 6,8 . .. .. . The rules of the game are that there are lots of pieces in the board. In her turn player will select a piece and will move that piece to another square according to the move rule of that piece. The player who can not move any piece in her turn loses the game. Alice is the first player to move. The description and move rules of the pieces are described below. White Rook This piece can go any square up or any square left. When this piece reaches the square (0,0) it can not be moved further. In the following diagram the white rook piece WR can move to the square marked with X only. X X X X X X X X WR

Black Rook Although this piece looks like a rook and moves up or left only. But it has a weird rule. From square (r,c) it follows the following algorithm to move. Let mx = max(r,c) and mn = min(r,c). Then the reachable square are (mn,mx-k*mn) or (mx-k*mn,mn) where k is a positive integer and (mxk*mn) is also a positive integer. When the piece move any square on row 0 or column 0 or any square in the (0,0) dddiagonal it can not be moved further. Instead of BlackRook some people called it euclid rook. Page 13 of 17

The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

In the following diagram Black Rook piece BR can only move to the square marked with X X X X BR

White King This piece can move one square at a time. From the position (r,c) it can move to the squares (r-1,c), (r,c-1) and (r-1,c-1). It can not move to any square with negative row or negative column. When it reaches the square (0,0) it can not make any further move. In the following diagram White King piece WK can move the squares only marked with X. X X X WK

Black King Black king can move one square at a time. From the position (r,c) it can move to the squares (r1,c),(r,c-1),(r-1,c-1) and (r-1,c+1). It can not move to any square with negative row or negative column. When it reaches the square (0,0) it can not make any further move. In the following Diagram Black King piece BK can move to the square only marked with X. X X X X BK

WhiteKnight From the square (r,c) white knight can move to the square (r-2,c-1) and (r-1,c-2). It can not move to any square with negative row or negative column. When it reaches row 0 or column 0 or square(1,1) it can not make any further move. In the following diagram White Knight piece WN can move to the squares only marked with X. X X WN Page 14 of 17

The 2008 Al-khawarizmi Programming Competition Hosted by International Islamic University, Malaysia

Black Knight From the square(r,c) black knight can move to the square(r+1,c-2),(r-2,c-1),(r-1,c-2) and (r-2,c+1). It can not move to any square with negative row or negative column. When it reaches any of the square (0,0),(0,1),(1,0) and (1,1) it can not make any further move. In the following diagram Black Knight piece BN can move to the squares only marked with X. X X BN X X

Bishop Bishop can move diagonaly up only. When it reaches any square at row 0 it can not make any further move. In the following diagram Bishop Piece B can move to square only marked with X. X X X X X X X X B

Queen Queen can move any square up, any square left and any square diagonally to left-up. When it reaches the square(0,0) it can not make any further move. In the following diagram the Queen piece Q can move to squares only marked with X. X X X X X X X X X X X X Q

Here are some additional rules of the game. -In any state of the game a square can hold multiple number of pieces. -The initial location of all the pieces except the queen will be between (1,1) to (10000,10000). -The initial location of queen pieces will be between (1,1) to (100,100). Page 15 of 17

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-In each turn a player can select exactly one piece and can move that piece according to the move rule of that piece. The selected piece has to be moved. It can not be kept in its own place. Now you are given the initial position of the game. It is the turn of alice. Help her to determine if the position is winning or losing. In case the position is winning also calculate how many winning moves are available for alice in her first move.

Input
Input contains multiple number of test cases. First line of the input contains T(1T50) the number of test cases. T test cases follow then. Each test case starts with an integer n (1n10000) the number of pieces in the board. Each of the next n lines contain a string s and 2 integers (r and c) seperated by a single space. Each of these lines contains the information about a piece. The string denotes the name of the piece. The only possible values of the s can be whiterook, blackrook, whiteking, blackking, whiteknight,blackknight,bishop and queen. The quotes are given for clarity only. When the value of s is queen then r and c will be between 1 and 100. In other cases the values of r and c will be between 1 and 100000.

Output
For each test case output contains one line. If the game is a losing position then it will contains only LOSING. Otherwise it will contain WINNING followed by the number of winning moves. WINNING and the number of winning moves will be separated a single space. See the sample output for further clarifications.

Sample Input
4 2 whiterook whiterook 3 whiterook whiterook whiterook 3 whiterook whiterook whiterook 4 whiterook blackrook whiteking blackking 3 5 5 3 3 5 5 3 1 2 7 15 15 7 1 2 63 127 22 189 55 65 110 245

Output for Sample Input

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