Product Bulletin

9.2:001 D103222X012 February 2010

Hazardous Area Classifications

Hazardous Area Classifications and Protections

The intent of this document is to provide a broad overview of hazardous area classifications and the types of protection techniques involved. The information provided in this bulletin is for educational purposes and should not be used in place of any other source or governing documents. Not all approvals are covered in this bulletin. Contact your Emerson Process Management sales office for information on approvals not covered in this bulletin. Contact your Emerson Process Management sales office for product specific hazardous area approval information or visit our website at www.Fisher.com. surrounding atmosphere which may or may not be in sufficient quantities. a. Class ILocations in which flammable gases or vapors may or may not be in sufficient quantities to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. b. Class IILocations in which combustible dusts (either in suspension, intermittently, or periodically) may or may not be in sufficient quantities to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. c. Class IIILocations in which ignitable fibers may or may not be in sufficient quantities to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. 2. DivisionThe Division defines the probability of the hazardous material being able to produce an explosive or ignitable mixture based upon its presence. a. Division 1 indicates that the hazardous material has a high probability of producing an explosive or ignitable mixture due to it being present continuously, intermittently, or periodically or from the equipment itself under normal operating conditions. b. Division 2 indicates that the hazardous material has a low probability of producing an explosive or ignitable mixture and is present only during abnormal conditions for a short period of time. 3. GroupThe Group defines the type of hazardous material in the surrounding atmosphere. Groups A, B, C, and D are for gases (Class I only) while groups E, F, and G are for dusts and flyings (Class II or III). a. Group AAtmospheres containing acetylene. b. Group BAtmospheres containing a flammable gas, flammable liquidproduced vapor, or combustible liquidproduced vapor

Hazardous Area Classifications

When electrical equipment is used in, around, or near an atmosphere that has flammable gases or vapors, flammable liquids, combustible dusts, ignitable fibers or flyings, there is always a possibility or risk that a fire or explosion might occur. Those areas where the possibility or risk of fire or explosion might occur due to an explosive atmosphere and/or mixture is often called a hazardous (or classified) location/area. Currently there are two systems used to classify these hazardous areas; the Class/Division system and the Zone system. The Class/Division system is used predominately in the United States and Canada, whereas the rest of the world generally uses the Zone system.

Class/Division System
Hazardous locations per the Class/Division system are classified according to the Class, Division, and Group. 1. ClassThe Class defines the general nature (or properties) of the hazardous material in the

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Hazardous Area Classifications

whose MESG is less than 0.45 mm or MIC ratio is less than 0.40. Typical gases include hydrogen, butadiene, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and acrolein. c. Group CAtmospheres containing a flammable gas, flammable liquidproduced vapor, or combustible liquidproduced vapor whose MESG is greater than 0.45 mm but less than 0.75 mm or MIC ratio is greater than 0.40 but less than 0.80. Typical gases include ethyl either, ethylene, acetaldehyde, and cyclopropane. d. Group DAtmospheres containing a flammable gas, flammable liquidproduced vapor, or combustible liquidproduced vapor whose MESE is greater than 0.75 mm or MIC ration is greater than 0.80. Typical gases include acetone, ammonia, benzene, butane, ethanol, gasoline, methane, natural gas, naphtha, and propane. e. Group EAtmospheres containing combustible metal dusts such as aluminum, magnesium, and their commercial alloys. f. Group FAtmospheres containing combustible carbonaceous dusts with 8% or more trapped volatiles such as carbon black, coal, or coke dust. g. Group GAtmospheres containing combustible dusts not included in Group E or Group F. Typical dusts include flour, starch, grain, wood, plastic, and chemicals.

9.2:001 February 2010 b. Zone 1Ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors which are likely to occur under normal operating conditions. c. Zone 2Ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors which are not likely to occur under normal operating conditions and do so only for a short period of time. GroupElectrical equipment used in gas atmospheres is divided into two groups. D Group IEquipment used in mines with atmospheres containing methane or gases and vapors of equivalent hazard. D Group IIAll other equipment; which is further subdivided into three subgroups. Group IIAAtmospheres containing propane, or gases and vapors of equivalent hazard. Group IIBAtmospheres containing ethylene, or gases and vapors of equivalent hazard. Group IICAtmospheres containing acetylene or hydrogen, or gases and vapors of equivalent hazard. 2. Dust a. Zone 20An area where combustible dusts or ignitable fibers and flyings are present continuously or for long periods of time. b. Zone 21An area where combustible dusts or ignitable fibers and flyings are likely to occur under normal operating conditions. c. Zone 22An area where combustible dusts or ignitable fibers and flyings are not likely to occur under normal operating conditions and do so only for a short period of time.

Zone System
Hazardous locations per the Zone system are classified according to its Zone which can be gas or dust. For gas atmospheres electrical equipment is further divided into Groups and Subgroups. ZoneThe Zone defines the probability of the hazardous material, gas or dust, being present in sufficient quantities to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. 1. Gas a. Zone 0Ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors which are present continuously or for long periods of time.

Protection Techniques and Methods

Various protection techniques and methods have been developed and employed, thus reducing or minimizing the potential risks of explosion or fire from electrical equipment located in hazardous locations. Not all methods are listed.

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Hazardous Area Classifications

D Intrinsically SafeA type of protection in which the electrical equipment under normal or abnormal conditions is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture in its most easily ignitable concentrations. This type of protection is referred to as Ex i. D Increase SafetyA type of protection in which various measures are applied to reduce the probability of excessive temperatures and the occurrence of arcs or sparks in the interior and on the external parts of electrical apparatus that do not produce them in normal service. Increased safety may be used with flameproof type of protection. This type of protection is referred to as Ex e. D Type nA type of protection applied to electrical equipment such that in normal operation it is not capable of igniting a surrounding explosive atmosphere. This type of protection is referred to as Ex n.

Class/Division system
D ExplosionproofA type of protection that utilizes an enclosure that is capable of withstanding an explosive gas or vapor within it and or preventing the ignition of an explosive gas or vapor that may surround it and that operates at such an external temperature that a surrounding explosive gas or vapor will not be ignited thereby. D Intrinsically SafeA type of protection in which the electrical equipment under normal or abnormal conditions is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture in its most easily ignitable concentration. D Dust IgnitionproofA type of protection that excludes ignitable amounts of dust or amounts that might affect performance or rating and that, when installed and protected in accordance with the original design intent, will not allow arcs, sparks or heat otherwise generated or liberated inside the enclosure to cause ignition of exterior accumulations or atmospheric suspensions of a specified dust. D NonincendiveA type of protection in which the equipment is incapable, under normal conditions, of causing ignition of a specified flammable gas or vaporinair mixture due to arcing or thermal effect.

Temperature Code (T Code)

A mixture of hazardous gases and air may be ignited by coming into contact with a hot surface. The conditions under which a hot surface will ignite a gas depends on surface area, temperature, and the concentration of the gas. The same can be said about combustible dusts. The T code of a product denotes the maximum surface temperature that a given product will not exceed under a specified ambient temperature. For example, a product with a T code of T3 means that its maximum surface temperature will not exceed 200_C provided it is operated in a ambient temperature defined by the manufacturer.

Zone system
D FlameproofA type of protection in which an enclosure can withstand the pressure developed during an internal explosion of an explosive mixture and that prevents the transmission of the explosion to the explosive atmosphere surrounding the enclosure and that operates at such an external temperature that a surrounding explosive gas or vapor will not be ignited there. This type of protection is referred to as Ex d.

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Hazardous Area Classifications

Table 1. Approval Agencies
Approvals(1) Approval Agencies Used(2)

9.2:001 February 2010

Approvals Accepted

FM CSA ATEX IECEx SAA NEPSI TIIS INMETRO GOSTR

FMFactory Mutual CSACanadian Standards Association BaseefaBritish Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable Atmospheres KEMANV tot Keuring van Elektrotechnische Materialen LCIELaboratorie Central des Industries Electriques CSACanadian Standards Association BaseefaBritish Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable Atmospheres SAAStandards Association of Australia NEPSINational Supervision and Inspection Centre for Explosion Protection and Safety of Instrumentation TIISTechnology Institution of Industrial Safety INMETRONational Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality GOSTGOSSTANDART

North America North America European Union International Australia China Japan Brazil Russia

1. Fisherr products may carry additional approvals. Contact your Emerson Process Management sales office for additional approval information. 2. Fisher product approvals may be certified by other agencies. Contact your Emerson Process Management sales office for additional information.

Nomenclature
Class/Division system
Approved equipment is marked according to which Class (I, II, or III), Division (1 or 2), Group (A, B, C, D, E, F, or G), and temperature code (T1 through T6) that it is rated for. For intrinsically safe equipment the words Intrinsically Safe or IS will precede the actual approval marking to indicate it as being intrinsically safe. Examples are listed below: Class I Division 1 Group B,C,D T5 CL I Div 2 GP ABCD T5 IS CL I,II,III Div 1 GP ABCDEFG CL II,III Div 1,2 GP EFG T4

Additional Terminology
Although the following terminology is not permitted for markings it is commonly used to describe the various types of approvals or when speaking of them. XPFlameproof approval for Class I Division 1 EXPFlameproof approval for Class I Division 1 NINonincendive approval for Class I Division 2 DIPDust Ignition Proof approval for Class II Division 1 SSuitable For for Class II Division 2 ISIntrinsically Safe

Approval Agencies
Generally speaking, most countries require that products intended for installation in a hazardous location be approved by a recognized authority or approval agency (governmental or independent) which that country has established by various laws, regulations, or codes. See table 1 for an overview of approvals and approval agencies.

Zone system
Approved equipment is marked according to the protection concept for which it has been designed (Ex i, Ex d, Ex n, and etc.), the gas group (I, IIA, IIB, or IIC), and temperature code (T1 through T6) that it is rated for. For the United States it will be preceded by which Class and Zone it is approved for. Examples are listed below: Ex ia IIC T5 Ex d IIB+H2 T6 Ex nA IIC T6 Class I Zone 2 AEx nC IIC T5

North American Approvals

Of the 15 national testing laboratories (NRTLs) in the United States, only a few are qualified to approve products for use in hazardous locations. Two such agencies are; Factory Mutual (FM) and Underwriters Laboratories (UL). In Canada, products are approved by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA).

European Approvals
Each country belonging to the European Union has established one or more Notified Bodies for

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Hazardous Area Classifications

International Approvals
Countries participating in the IECEx Scheme (International Electrotechnical Commission on explosion protected equipment, known as Ex) can issue either an international certification or a national certification of explosion protected equipment. Each country within the IECEx scheme establishes an ExCB (Ex Certification Body) which can approve products. ExCBs can issue the national certification for their country based upon the IECEx standards (including any national deviations) and the international certification. Currently, Australia is the only country accepting international certifications for use in their country.

product approval. Notified Bodies not only approve products for use within their own country, commonly called national certifications/approvals, but also for any other country within the union, known as CENELEC certifications/approvals. CENELEC is the acronym for European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. A product which has been CENELEC certified or approved by any of the Notified Bodies is automatically accepted for use within all of the participating union countries. In July 2003 a European Directive, called the ATEX Directive, which pertains to equipment for explosive atmospheres, was adopted. All equipment intended for use in explosive atmospheres must comply with the ATEX Directive in order to be sold into the European Union.

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Hazardous Area Classifications

HAZARDOUS AREA NONHAZARDOUS AREA

9.2:001 February 2010

DVC6010
Vmax = 30 VDC Imax = 226 mA Pi = 1.4 W Ci = 5 nF Li = 0.55 mH

I.S. BARRIER
Voc = ? Isc = ? Ca = ? La = ?

FIELD COMMUNICATOR
Vmax = 30 VDC Imax = 200 mA Pi = 1 W Ci = 0 F Li = 0 mH Voc = 1.9 VDC Isc = 32 A Po = 61 W Ca = 100 F La = 5600 mH

Figure 1. Typical I.S Installation

Guidelines for Selecting Intrinsic Safety Barriers Using Entity Ratings

Selecting an intrinsic safety barrier with the required entity ratings depends upon the combined effects of the instrument, its cabling, and any instrument accessories such as the 475 Field Communicator. Determine the barrier entity ratings using the following guidelines: Voc Vmax Isc Imax Ca Ci + Ccable La Li + Lcable where: Voc = Barrier open circuit voltage Vmax = Instrument Vmax Isc= Barrier short circuit current Imax = Instrument Imax Ca= Barrier acceptable connected capacitance Ci = Instrument total unprotected internal capacitance Ccable = Signal cable total capacitance La = Barrier acceptable connected inductance Li = Instrument total unprotected internal inductance

Lcable = Signal cable total inductance The values Voc, Isc, Ca, and La are specified by the barrier manufacturer for any given barrier. The values of Ccable and Lcable for the signal cable must be determined for the specific cable used. Example barrier entity ratings calculation. A system is comprised of a FIELDVUEr DVC6010 digital valve controller (FM approved), a Field Communicator (FM approved), and 1000 feet of cable with 60 pF/ft capacitance and 0.2 H/ft inductance. Calculate the barrier entity ratings. Figure 1 shows a typical I.S. installation. Calculate Ccable and Lcable Ccable = 60 pF/ft x 1000 ft = 60 nF Lcable = 0.2 H/ft x 1000 ft = 0.2 mH Determine Ca and La for the barrier Ca w Ci(DVC6010)+ Ci(475) + Ccable w 5 nF + 0 nF + 60 nF Ca w 65 nF La w Li(DVC6010)+Li(475) + Lcable w 0.55 mH + 0 mH + 0.2 mH La w 0.75 mH

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Hazardous Area Classifications

Isc of the barrier must meet all of the following conditional requirements. 1) Isc v Imax(DVC6010) + Isc(475) ! 226 mA + 0.032 mA ! 226.032 mA 2) Isc v Imax(DVC6010) ! 226 mA 3) Isc v Imax(475) ! 200 mA Isc v 200 mA Note Neither Emerson, Emerson Process Management nor any of their affiliated entities assumes responsibility for the selection, use, or maintenance of any product. Responsibility for the selection, use, and maintenance of any product remains with the purchaser and end user.

Determine Voc and Isc of the barrier. Note that in this example the output of the 475 (Voc(475) and Isc(475)) must also be considered because it can also add energy to the loop besides just the barrier itself. Voc of the barrier plus any additional voltage that could be added to the loop from each device must be subtracted from Vmax for each device. Isc of the barrier plus any additional current that could be added to the loop from each device must not exceed Imax for each device. Voc of the barrier must meet all of the following conditional requirements. 1) Voc v Vmax(DVC6010) Voc(375) ! 30 VDC 1.9 V dc ! 28.1 VDC 2) Voc v Vmax(DVC6010) ! 30 VDC 3) Voc v Vmax(475) ! 30 VDC Voc v 28.1 VDC

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Hazardous Area Classifications

9.2:001 February 2010

Fisher and FIELDVUE are marks owned by one of the companies in the Emerson Process Management business division of Emerson Electric Co. Emerson Process Management, Emerson, and the Emerson logo are trademarks and service marks of Emerson Electric Co. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. The contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to be construed as warranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services described herein or their use or applicability. All sales are governed by our terms and conditions, which are available upon request. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or specifications of such products at any time without notice. Neither Emerson, Emerson Process Management, nor any of their affiliated entities assumes responsibility for the selection, use or maintenance of any product. Responsibility for proper selection, use, and maintenance of any product remains solely with the purchaser and end user.

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