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CS2060-HIGH SPEED NETWORKS Question bank Department:ECE Unit -1 Part-A

1. Differentiate Frame relay and X.25 packet-switching service -> Call control signaling is carried on a separate logical connection from user data. Thus, intermediate nodes need not maintain state tables or process messages relating to call control on an individual per-connection basis -> Multiplexing and switching of logical connections takes place at layer2 instead of layer3, eliminating one entire layer of processing ->There is no hop-by-hop flow control and error control. End-to-end flow control and error control are the responsibility of a higher layer, if they are employed at all 2. What is jitter The packets between a given source and destination may vary in length, may take different routes, may be subject to varying delays in the switches they encounter, the overall packet delay can vary substantially. This phenomenon, called JITTER may not be desirable for some application; for example in realtime applications including telephone voice and real-time video 3. List out some of the control functions of LAPF core Frame delimiting, alignment and transparency Frame multiplexing/demultiplexing using the address field Detection of transmission errors Congestion control functions 4. What is called a cell in ATM In ATM, the information flow on each logical connection is organized into fixed size packets called cells 5. What are the planes in protocol reference model User plane Control plane

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Management plane 6. What are the advantages of virtual paths Simplified network architecture Increased network performance and reliability Reduced processing and short connection setup time Enhanced network services

7.

What is VPI The Virtual path identifier constitutes a routing field for the network. It is 8 bits at the user-network interface and 12 bits at the network-network interface. The latter allows support for an expanded number of VPCs internal to the network, to include those supporting subscribers and those required for network management

8. What is CLP The cell loss priority bit is used to provide guidance to the network in the event of congestion. A value of 0 indicates a cell of relatively higher priority, which should not be discarded unless no other alternative is available. A value of 1 indicates that this cell is subject to discard within the network 9. What are the services of ATM The ATM services are: Real time services: Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Real Time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR) Non Real time services: Non Real Time Variable Bit Rate (nrt-VBR) Available Bit Rate (ABR) Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) Guaranteed Frame Rate (GFR) 10. What is Frame Relay network A form of packet switching based on the variable length link layer frames. There is no network layer. Many of the basic functions have been streamlined and eliminated to provide great throughput

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11. What are the message types needed for Frame relay call control SETUP CONNECT RELEASE RELEASE COMPLETE 12. What are the AAL services Handling of transmission errors Segmentation and reassembly, to enable larger blocks of data to be carried in the information field of ATM cells Handling of lost and misinserted cell conditions Flow control and timing control 13. What are the applications of AAL Circuit emulation VBR voice and video General data services IP over ATM Multiprotocol encapsulation over ATM LAN emulation 14. What is SNP The sequence Number Protection field is an error code for detection and possibly correction on the sequence number field. It consists of a 3 bit cyclic redundancy check, calculated over the 4 bit SN field, and a parity bit. The parity bit is set so that the parity of the 8 bit SAR header is even 15. Differentiate bridge and layer2 switch Bridge Frame handling alone in software Analyze & forward one frame at at a time Store and forward Layer2Switch Frame handling in hardware Multiple data paths & can handle multiple frames at a time Can do cut through

16. What are the benefits of 10 Gbps Ethernet over ATM ->No expensive, bandwidth consuming conversion between Ethernet packets and ATM cells

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->Network is Ethernet end to end ->IP plus Ethernet offers QoS and traffic policing capabilities approach that of ATM ->Wide variety of standard optical interfaces for 10Gbps ethernet 17. What is the purpose of Fiber channel Fiber channel is designed to combine the best features of both technologies the simplicity and speed of channel communication with the flexibility and interconnectivity that characterize protocol based network communication 18. List some of the requirements of Wireless LAN Throughput Number of nodes Connection to backbone LAN Service area Handoff/roaming Dynamic configuration 19. What are the IEEE 802.11 services Association Reassociation Disassociation Authentication Privacy 20. What are the physical medias defined in 802.11 ->Direct sequence spread spectrum operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, at data rates of 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps -> Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) operating in the 2.4GHz ISM band at data rates of 1Mbps and 2Mbps -> Infrared at 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps operating at a wavelength between 850 and 950nm

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Part-B
1. Explain in detail about Frame relay architecture and Frame Call Control? 2. Explain in detail about the ATM architecture? 3. What is a ATM cell? Explain about the ATM cell format? 4. Write in detail about Generic Flow control? 5. What are the ATM service categories? Explain? 6. Explain about the different AAL protocols? 7. Explain in detail about the Fiber channel? 8. What are the various IEEE 802.11 requirements? 9. Explain in detail about IEEE 802.11 architecture and services? 10. Explain about the IEEE 802.11 protocol architecture?

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