Scribd
Upload
468 views

Chemical Nature of Human Body

This document is a lecture on bio-chemical nature of the human body and carbohydrate chemistry and medical practice. It discusses the basic units that make up the human body from atoms to organ systems. It then focuses on carbohydrates, describing monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch and glycogen. It discusses carbohydrate chemistry, structures, examples of diseases related to carbohydrates like diabetes and glycogen storage diseases, and the role of clinical biochemistry, medical biochemistry, and therapeutics related to carbohydrates.

Uploaded by

Prof Rakesh Sharma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
468 views

Chemical Nature of Human Body

This document is a lecture on bio-chemical nature of the human body and carbohydrate chemistry and medical practice. It discusses the basic units that make up the human body from atoms to organ systems. It then focuses on carbohydrates, describing monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch and glycogen. It discusses carbohydrate chemistry, structures, examples of diseases related to carbohydrates like diabetes and glycogen storage diseases, and the role of clinical biochemistry, medical biochemistry, and therapeutics related to carbohydrates.

Uploaded by

Prof Rakesh Sharma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Bio-Chemical Nature of Human Body

Circulation, Distribution and Molecular Reactions With Driving Bio-Energy Force

Hormones Receptors Enzymes Carbohydrates Amino Acids/Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Vitamins/Minerals
Lecture 3
8/22/2013

Atoms (C,H,O,P,N,S,minerals)
Free Radical Diseases

Molecules
Molecular Diseases

Super-Assemblies
Structural Diseases

Organelles, skeleton
Organelle Diseases

Cells
Cell Diseases

Tissues
Tissue Diseases

Organs
Organ Diseases

Systems + DRIVING ENERGY

LIVE HUMAN BODY


1

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

Lecture 3 CARBOHYDRATES Chemistry And Medical Practice


Glucose, Galactose, Mannose, Fructose(1 unit) Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose (2 units) Starch, Glycogen, Dextrin, Cellulose(n units) Blood group antigen(branched units) Mucopolysaccharides(branched units) Glycogen Storage disease(branched units)
8/22/2013 Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students 2

Monosaccharides: One ring


Aldose (Ribose, Glucose, Mannose, Galactose), Ketose (Dihydroxyacetone, Ribulose, Fructose) sugars Sialic Acid, -D-Acetylgalactosamine, -D-Acetylglucosamine
Cupric ions(Fehling Solution) +[-CHO-X] Cu2O

Benedict test, Saliwanoff test, Barfoed test confirm it


8/22/2013 Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students 3

Monosaccharides: Glucose
Glucose Is The Child of All carbohydrates
Pyranose Ring Formation: hemiacetal formed by reaction between the aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group Stereochemistry and Isomerism

8/22/2013

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

Glucose:
Child of all Carbohydrates to Make Energy In Human Body

Pyranose ring structure and Open Chain Structure Shows reducing properties due to HC=O group making red color complex (Molisch, Benedict tests) Shows Muta-rotation, Isomerization, Phosphate, Amino- Substitution reactions Involved in Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Glycolipids and Glycoprotein formation in metabolism
8/22/2013 Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students 5

Monosaccharides:Examples

8/22/2013

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

Derived Monosaccharides

8/22/2013

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

Disaccharides

Maltose (D-Glucopyranosyl-(14)-D-Glucopyranose.

Sucrose (D-Glucopyranosyl(12)B-D-Fructofuranose)

Lactose (D-Glctopyranosyl(14)--DGlucopyranose) Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry


8/22/2013 Students

Polysaccharides: Starch and Glycogen


Amylose Glycogen

Amylopectin

Starch (Amylose -1,4 linkage; Amylopectin -1,6 linkage Cellulose (-1,4 linkage) Glycogen (two glucose molecules join by -1,4-glycosidic bonds and make branch point -1,6glycosidic bonds)

Branched chains

8/22/2013

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

Glycosaminoglycans: Anionic Chain of Repeat Disaccharides

Heparan Sulphate Hyluronic Acid Keratan sulphate Dermatan sulphate 8/22/2013 Chondroitin Sulphate

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

10

Where Glycosaminoglycans Get Deposited?


Glysaminoglycans get deposited on membrane surface Their presence shows interactions in cell

8/22/2013

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

11

Glycomics:Amino Sugars, Glycoproteins, Acidic Sugars in Carbohydrates

8/22/2013

Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students

12

Blood Group: Glycosides


On RBC Surface, Human ABO group oligosaccharide antigens have: GlcN-Ac(A), galactose(B) and fucose(O) -Mismatch of blood group is due to Glucotransferase enzymes

Selectin Hemagglutinins
8/22/2013 Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students 13

Diseases of Carbohydrates
Glucose Loss:Glucosuria Glucose Loss: Diabetes Mellitus Fructosuria Glycosaminoglycan deposits(Mucosaccharidoses) I-cell disease(Mucolipidosis II)-Missed Mannose 1-P to send 8 hydrolytic enzymes from Golgi Body to Lysosomes Glycogen Storage Diseases Lactosuria
8/22/2013 Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students 14

CARBOHYDRATES: Clinical Biochemistry,


Medical Biochemistry, Theradiagnostics
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY: Serum Glucose GTT Serum Glycated-Hb Glycogen Urine mucopolysaccharides Urine sugar

MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY: Glycosaminoglycan Storage Diseases Glycogen Storage Diseases Hemorrhage and Blood Groups

THERAGNOSTICS D-Glucose (Dextrose drip) Insulin infusion by Pump in Diabetes Fructose rich food formula
8/22/2013 Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students 15

Examination Questions
Describe carbohydrates (monosacchjarides, disaccharides, ploysaccharides), classification, chemistry with structures. Short questions: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Mutarotation Isomerism and anomers Glycogen storage diseases Cerebrodies and Gangliosides
8/22/2013 Rakesh Sharma for 1st MBBS Biochemistry Students 16

You might also like