ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 05: Materials Selection

Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Assistant Professor Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland [email protected]

Course Project Update

Project Overview

Due February 1st

Discussions through to February 8th

Project scope final on February 15th

Latitude under special circumstances

on case-by-case basis

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Lecture 05 Objective

To provide an overview of material selection for pipeline systems

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Materials Selection Philosophy

Materials Selection Function

System compatibility Functional and technical requirements Life-Cycle Assessment

Feasibility and suitability assessment

Design, procurement, fabrication, construction & operations Performance criteria and reliability targets Risk threshold (failure frequency & consequences) Cost evaluation (20-30% CAPEX) Process operations Condition monitoring and inspection tools Interval frequency Maintenance, repair and intervention
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Integrity Management

Materials Selection Project Context

Materials Selection Report

Key materials document Design Basis Specifications Codes, standards and recommended practice Procurement Long lead items Contracting strategy QA/QC
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Management Issues

Materials Technology Drivers

Prior to 1950s
Problem gas was flared Relatively low flow rate and pressure requirements Small diameter pipelines Seamless linepipe production

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Materials Technology Drivers (cont.)

1960s Expanded Role of Hydrocarbons

Longer transmission pipelines Throughput

Flow rate Operating pressure Diameter Wall thickness Diameter Wall thickness

Fabrication requirements

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Materials Technology Drivers (cont.)

Present Day

Demanding operational requirements

HPHT (operating and shut-in conditions) Corrosive fluids Produced water (historically well shut-in)

Linepipe fabrication

Advanced techniques Material chemistry Thermo-mechanical processes

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Materials Selection Considerations

System Compatibility Operational Parameters Environmental Conditions Corrosion Resistance Linepipe Fabrication Constructability

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

System Compatibility

Interface and Scope Break

Process equipment Riser and landfall tie-in Material constituents Welding procedures Corrosion control systems Coatings Bends, fittings, wyes, tees Expansion loops Flanges, valves Anchor flanges, supports Pig traps Insulating joints

Linepipe

Components

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Operational Parameters

Fluid Composition

Product constituents Time variation Steady state Weld over- &

under-match

Temperature

Depressurization Low temperature

fracture control
Ref: DNV (2007)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Environmental Conditions

Ambient Temperature
Installation Riser tie-in

Soil Conditions

Ref: Lanan et al. (2001)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Corrosion Resistance

Internal Corrosion Factors

Fluid Composition

Sweet (CO2) Sour (H2S) Water (H2O, O2 and Cl) Bacteria

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Corrosion Resistance (cont.)

Internal Corrosion Mechanisms

Wall thickness reduction

Uniform Pits Grooves

Stress corrosion cracking

Pressure and loads

Internal Corrosion Significance

Leak Rupture

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Corrosion Resistance (cont.)

Internal Corrosion Mitigation Strategies

Process operations Materials selection Corrosion allowance Internal coatings Chemical treatment and inhibition

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Corrosion Resistance (cont.)

External Corrosion
Coatings Field Joints Cathodic Protection System Splash Zone Shore Approach

Impressed current Telluric currents

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Linepipe Fabrication Material Options

Conventional

Carbon-Manganese (C-Mn) Stainless C-Mn and CRA Clad metallurgical bond Lined mechanical bond Multiple components Carbon graphite

Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA)

Clad or lined pipe

Composite

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Linepipe Fabrication Process Options

Forming

Rigid

Seamless, UOE, Spiral Pultrusion, Winding

Flexible

Configurations
Single wall Pipe-in-pipe Open or closed bundles

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Linepipe Fabrication Specification

Dimensions

Variation, Fit-up, Structural integrity Elastic modulus, Yield strength, Variation Ultimate to yield strength ratio, Elongation Hardness, Fracture toughness Coatings, Welding, Installation demand
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Strength

Ductility

Index Parameters

Constructability

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Joining Techniques
Flanged Welded

Ref: Melesi (2005)

Ref: McDermott (2005)

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

Reading List
1.

Section 6 DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.

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2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

References

DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p. Lanan, G., Ennis, J.O., Egger, P.S. and Yockey, K.E. (2001). Northstar Offshore Arctic Pipeline Design and Construction. Proc. OTC, OTC 13133, 8p. McDermott (2005). http://www.jraymcdermott.com Melesi (2005). http://www.melesi.it
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 05

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