SQL DDL

Limbajul de definitie a datelor DDL

Creare baza de date
CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [create_specification] ...

create_specification: [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

Exemple:
CREATE DATABASE test CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test CHARACTER SET = utf8; COLLATE = utf8_bin; CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test CHARACTER SET = ascii; SHOW COLLATION; SHOW CHARACTER SET;

Modificare baza de date

ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [db_name] alter_specification ... ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db_name UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME

Stergere baza de date

DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name

Exemple:
DROP DATABASE test DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test

alter_specification:
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

Exemple:
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET = ascii COLLATE = ascii_bin;

SQL DDL
Creare tabela
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name (create_definition,...) [table_option] ... [partition_options] CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name [(create_definition,...)] [table_option] ... [partition_options]

select_statement
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name { LIKE old_tbl_name | (LIKE old_tbl_name) }

unde:
create_definition: col_name column_definition | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | {INDEX|KEY} [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | {FULLTEXT|SPATIAL} [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...) reference_definition | CHECK (expr)

SQL DDL
Exemple:

INSERT INTO t1 SET c2 = 10, c3='2008-02-20', c4='12:30:20', c5=1.2, c6=0.02, c7='cuvant'; INSERT INTO t1 SET c3='2008/02/12', c4='8.66.20', c7='curs';

SQL DDL
si:
column_definition: data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value] [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY] [COMMENT 'string'] [reference_definition] [COLUMN_FORMAT {FIXED|DYNAMIC|DEFAULT}] [STORAGE {DISK|MEMORY|DEFAULT}]

si:

data_type:
BIT[(length)] | TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | MEDIUMINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | FLOAT[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DECIMAL[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | NUMERIC[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DATE | TIME | TIMESTAMP | DATETIME | YEAR | CHAR[(length)] [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | VARCHAR(length) [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | BINARY[(length)] | VARBINARY(length) | TINYBLOB | BLOB | MEDIUMBLOB | LONGBLOB | TINYTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | TEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | LONGTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...) [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | SET(value1,value2,value3,...) [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name] | spatial_type

SQL DDL
Observatii:
Folosind cuvantul cheie TEMPORARY, la crearea unei tabele, tabela va exista numai in timpul sesiunii/conexiunii curente la baza de date; Cuvantul cheie IF NOT EXISTS impiedica aparitia unei erori, in cazul in care tabela declarata exista deja; pe de alta parte, nu se verifica daca tabela existenta are aceeasi structura cu cea indicata de CREATE TABLE; Daca nu se specifica atributul NULL sau NOT NULL, coloana e tratata ca si cum s-ar fi specificat atributul NULL; Atributul AUTO_INCREMENT nu se poate atribui decat unei singure coloane intr-o tabela; acest atribut nu se aplica decat tipurilor intregi sau reale (float, double). Tipurile de tip caracter (char, varchar, text) pot avea atribuite CHARACTER SET setul de caractere atribuit acelei coloane; Clauza DEFAULT permite setarea unei valori default pentru o coloana; de exemplu, pentru un tip data, se poate folosi o functie de tip NOW() sau CURRENT_TIME; KEY e in mod normal un sinonim pentru INDEX; PRIMARY KEY poate fi simplu KEY atunci cand este folosit in definirea unei coloane; PRIMARY KEY este un index pentru care toate coloanele care intra in definirea lui trebuie sa fie NOT NULL: daca nu sunt astfel, sunt definite implicit (si tacit). Se poate creea o tabela din alta utilizand clauza SELECT la sfarsitul comenzii CREATE TABLE; Folosind clauza LIKE, se poate creea o tabela goala folosind structura tabelei originale invocate dupa clauza LIKE; 5

SQL DDL
Storage engines (motoare de stocare):

Exemplu: CREATE TABLE t (i INT) ENGINE = engine_name;

Motor MyISAM InnoDB MEMORY Limita stocare 256TB 64TB RAM Tranzactii NU DA NU B-tree index DA DA DA Hash-index NU DA DA Granularitate blocare Tabela Inregistrare Tabela

De ce sa utilizam totusi engine-uri netranzactionale ? -mult mai rapide; -mai putina memorie necesara (RAM si HD);

SQL DDL
Exemple:

INSERT INTO d2.persoana SET nume='Preda', prenume='Gabriel', adresa='Bucuresti S6'; INSERT INTO d2.persoana SET nume='Preda', prenume='Cristian', adresa='Bucuresti S4'; INSERT INTO d2.persoana SET nume='Preda', prenume='Caterina', adresa='Bucuresti S1'; INSERT INTO d2.persoana SET nume='Popescu', prenume='Gabriel', adresa='Bucuresti S4'; INSERT INTO d2.persoana SET nume='Cristian', prenume='Preda', adresa='Brasov';

SQL DDL
Exemple:

INSERT INTO traducere set token_nume='OPEN_FILE', engleza='Open', romana='Deschide', chineza=''; INSERT INTO traducere set token_nume='SAVE_FILE', engleza='Save', romana='Salveaz', chineza='';

Creare tabela folosind SELECT (se copiaza si datele):

SQL DDL
Creare tabela folosind SELECT (se copiaza si datele):

Creare tabela folosind LIKE (Se copiaza numai structura tabelei, nu se pastreaza datele):

SQL DDL
Modificare tabela
ALTER [ONLINE | OFFLINE] [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

alter_specification: table_option ... | ADD [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ] | ADD [COLUMN] (col_name column_definition,...) | ADD {INDEX|KEY} [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | ADD FULLTEXT [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | ADD SPATIAL [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [index_option] ... | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...) reference_definition | ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT} | CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition [FIRST|AFTER col_name] | MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name] | DROP [COLUMN] col_name | DROP PRIMARY KEY | DROP {INDEX|KEY} index_name | DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol | DISABLE KEYS | ENABLE KEYS | RENAME [TO] new_tbl_name | ORDER BY col_name [, col_name] ... | CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name] | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name [COLLATE [=] collation_name] []

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SQL DDL
Exemple: Stergerea unei coloane

Adaugarea unei coloane

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SQL DDL
Exemple: Modificarea unei coloane

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SQL DDL
Exemple: Modificarea unei coloane

Redenumirea tabelei

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SQL DDL
Exemple: Adaugarea unei chei

Stergerea unei chei

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SQL DDL
Stergerea unei tabele
DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS] tbl_name [, tbl_name] ... [RESTRICT | CASCADE]

Exemple:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS traducere; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS translation;

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SQL DDL
Crearea unui view
CREATE [OR REPLACE] [ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}] [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }] [SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }] VIEW view_name [(column_list)] AS select_statement [WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]
Mai simplu: CREATE VIEW view_name AS select_statement Exemplu:
CREATE VIEW romana_engleza AS SELECT token_nume, engleza, romana from traducere;

Modificarea unui view

ALTER [ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}] [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }] [SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }] VIEW view_name [(column_list)] AS select_statement [WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]

Stergerea unui view

DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] view_name [, view_name] ... [RESTRICT | CASCADE]
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