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ADVANCE FULL FORMS FOR COMPUTER

AC: Alternating Current ACPI: Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ALU: Arithmetic-Logic Unit AM: Amplitude Modulated AMD: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. AMI: American Megatrends Inc. ANSI: American National Standards Institute APIC: Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller APM: Advanced Power Management ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASPI: Advanced SCSI Programming Interface AT: Advanced Technology ATA: AT Bus Attachment ATAPI: ATA Packet Interface ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode BBS: Bulletin Board System BCC: Block Check Character BCD: Binary Coded Decimal BIOS: Basic Input / Output System BNC: Bayonet Nut Connector
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BPS/bps: Bytes/bits Per Second BSC: Binary Synchronous Communications BSD: Berkeley Standard Distribution BTU: British Thermal Units CAD: Computer Aided Design CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing CAS: Column Address Strobe CD: Carrier Detect CDROM: Compact Disk Read Only Memory CGA: Color Graphics Adapter CHS: Cylinder Head Sector CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CPI: Clocks Per Instruction CPU: Central Processing Unit CR: Carriage Return CRC: Cyclical Redundancy Check CRT: Cathode Ray Tube CSR: Command Status Register CTS: Clear To Send DAT: Digital Audio Tape DC: Direct Current DCD: Data Carrier Detect DCE: Data Circuit-terminating Equipment

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DD: Double Density DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation DIP: Dual-In-line Package DMA: Direct Memory Access DMI: Desktop Management Interface DOS: Disk Operating System DPE: Data Parity Error DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory DS: Double Sided DSP: Digital Signal Processor DSR: Data Set Ready DTC: Data Terminal Controller DTE: Data Terminating Equipment DTR: Data Terminal Ready EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code EC: Error Check ECC: Error Check and Correction ECP: Enhanced Communication Port ECU: EISA Configuration Utility EDO: Extended Data Out RAM EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adapter EIA: Electronic Industries Association

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EIDE: Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics EISA: Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture EMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference EMF: Electro-Magnetic Force EMS: Expanded Memory Specification EOF: End Of File EOL: End Of Line EPP: Enhanced Parallel Port EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory ESCD: Extended System Configuration Data ESD: Electro-Static Discharge ESDI: Enhanced Small Devices Interface FAT: File Allocation Table FCC: Federal Communications Commission FDD: Fixed/Floppy Disk Drive FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing FDX: Full-Duplex Transmission FE: Front End FEP: Front End Processor FF: Form Feed FIFO: First-In First-Out FILO: First-In Last-Out

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FM: Frequency Modulation FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array FPM: Fast Page Mode RAM FPU: Floating Point Unit FRC: Functional Redundancy Checking FRU: Field-Replaceable Unit FSF: Free Software Foundation FSK: Frequency Shifty Keying FTP: File Transfer Program GAS: Gallium Arsenide GFLOPS: Billions of FLOating Point Operations Per Second GUI: Graphical User Interface HD: High Density / Hard Disk HDD: Hard Disk Drive HDX: Half-Duplex Transmission HFS: Hierarchical File System HPFS: High Performance File System I/O: Input/Output IBM: International Business Machines Corporation IC: Integrated Circuit IDE: Integrated Device Electronics IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IMP: Interface Message Processor

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IPC: Inter Process Communication IPX: Inter network Packet eXchange IRQ: Interrupt ReQuest ISA: Industry Standard Architecture ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network ISO: International Standards Organization JFS: Journalized File System KNI: Katmai New Instructions kVA: KiloVolt-Amps LAN: Local Area Network LBA: Linear Block Array / Addressing LCD: Liquid Crystal Display LED: Light Emitting Diode LF: Line Feed LIM: Lotus/Intel/Microsofts Expanded Memory Manager LRU: Least-Recently Used LSB/lsb: Least Significant Byte/bit LSI: Large Scale Integration LUN: Logical Unit Number MAN: Metropolitan Area Network MB/Mb: Mega Bytes/bits MBR: Master Boot Record MCA: Micro Channel Architecture

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MCGA: Multi-Color Graphics Array MCM: Multi-Chip Module MDRAM: Multi-bank RAM MFLOPS: Millions of FLOating Point Operations per Second MFM: Modified Frequency Modulated MHz: MegaHertz MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition MIDI: Musical Instrument Data Interface MIMD: Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data MIPS: Millions of Instructions per Second MISD: Multiple-Instruction Single Data MMX: Multi-Media Extensions MNP: Microcom Network Protocol MODEM: MOdulator / DEModulator MOPS: Millions of Operations Per Second MOS: Metal-Oxide Semiconductor MP: Multi-Processor MPP: Massively Parallel Processor MPS: Multi-Processor System MSB/msb: Most Significant Byte/bit MSDOS: Microsofts Disk Operating System MSI: Medium Scale Integration MTBF: Mean Time Between Failure N/C: No-Connect
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NBS: National Bureau of Standards NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association NFS: Network File System NFU: Not-Frequently Used NMI: Non-Maskable Interrupt NMOS: Negatively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor NOP: No OPeration NRU Not-Recently Used NSF: National Science Foundation NVRAM: NonVolatile Random Access Memory OCR: Optical Character Recognition ODI: Open Data link Interface OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer OS: Operating System OSF: Open Software Foundation OSI: Open Systems Interconnect PAL/PLA: Programmable Array Logic / Logic Array PB: Push Button PBX: Private Branch eXtender PC: Personal Computer, Program Counter PCB: Printed Circuit Board PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect PCM: Pulse Code Modulation PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
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PE: Processor Element PFF: Page Fault Frequency PGA: Professional Graphics Array PGA: Pin Grid Array PIC: Programmable Interrupt Controller PIO: Programmed Input / Output PIROM: Processor Information ROM PLCC: Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier PLL: Phase Locked Loop PM: Preventive Maintenance PMOS: Positively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor PnP: Plug-and-Play POST: Power On Self Test PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol PQFP: Plastic Quad Flat Pack PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network PTE: Page Table Entry QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QFP: Quad Flat Pack QIC: Quarter Inch Cartridge RAID: Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks RAM: Random Access Memory
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RAMDAC: Random Access Memory Digital to Analogue Converter RAS: Row Address Strobe RCA: Radio Corporation of America RCC: Routing Control Center RDRAM: Rambus DRAM RFC: Request For Comments RFI: Radio Frequency Interference RI: Ring Indicator RISC: Reduced Instruction-Set Computer RLL: Run Length Limited RMS: Root Mean Squared RMW: Read Modify Write ROM: Read Only Memory RPC: Remote Procedure Call RPM: Rotations Per Minute RTC: Real Time Clock RTS: Request To Send SAM: Sequential Access Memory SASI: Shugart Associates Standard Interface SCSI: Small Computer Systems Interface SD: Single Density SDLC: Synchronous Data Link Control SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic RAM
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SDRAM DDR: Double Data Rate SDRAM SDRAM BDDR: Bi-Directional Strobed DDR SDRAM SE: Systems Engineer SEC: Single Edge Contact SFF: Small Form Factor SGRAM: Synchronous Graphics RAM SIMD: Single-Instruction Multiple-Data SIMM: Single Inline Memory Module SIPP: Single Inline Pinned Package SISD: Single-Instruction Single-Dat SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol SMD: Surface Mount Device SMT: Surface Mount Technology SNA: System Network Architecture SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio SO/SOL: Small Out Line SOIC: Small Outline Integrated Circuit SPOOL: Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line SPT: Sectors Per Track SPU: Single Processor Unit SRAM: Static Random Access Memory SS: Single Sided STDM: Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing
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STN: Super Twisted Nematic STU: Streaming Tape Unit SVGA: Super Video Graphics Array TCM: Trellis Code Modulation TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TDM: Time Division Multiplexing TI: Texas Instruments TIA: Telecomm Industry Association TLB: Translation-Look aside Buffer TPI: Tracks Per Inch TRANSISTOR: TRANSformer resISTOR TSR: Terminate and Stay Resident TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic UAE: Unrecoverable Application Error UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UDP: User Datagram Protocol UMB: Upper Memory Block UNIX: A trademark used for a computer disk operating system UPS: Un-interruptible Power Supply USL: UNIX System Labs UUCP: UNIX to UNIX Copy Program VBE: Video BIOS Extensions VCR: Video Cassette Recorder
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VESA: Video Enhanced Standards Association VGA: Video Graphics Array VLB: VESA Local Bus VLIW: Very Long Instruction Word VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration VM: Virtual Memory VME: Versa Module Euro-card VRAM: Video Random Access Memory VRT: Voltage Reduction Technology VTR: Video Tape Recorder WAN: Wide Area Network WATS: Wide Area Telephone Service WD: Western Digital WORM: Write Once - Read-Many WRAM: Window Random Access Memory WS: Wait State XGA: eXtended Graphics Array XMS: Extended Memory Specification XOR: Exclusive-OR XT: Extended Technology ZIF: Zero Insertion Force

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