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Classfull and Classless Subnetting

Classful subnetting divides the host ID portion of an IP address into a subnet ID and new host ID using a fixed number of bits. This results in a fixed number of subnets and hosts per subnet. Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) was created to allow for more efficient use of addresses with variable length subnet masks, where the network ID is not restricted to octet boundaries. CIDR also uses fewer bits to indicate network numbers, allowing for more flexible network creation within a given address space.

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175 views1 page

Classfull and Classless Subnetting

Classful subnetting divides the host ID portion of an IP address into a subnet ID and new host ID using a fixed number of bits. This results in a fixed number of subnets and hosts per subnet. Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) was created to allow for more efficient use of addresses with variable length subnet masks, where the network ID is not restricted to octet boundaries. CIDR also uses fewer bits to indicate network numbers, allowing for more flexible network creation within a given address space.

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万尼杨
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Classful and Classless Subnetting

The two-level hierarchy of classed addressing included a network ID and a host ID. In classful subnetting, the network ID is left alone, and the host ID is divided into a subnet ID and a new host ID. For example, a Class B network has a 16-bit default subnet mask of 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000, or 255.255.0.0. That leaves 16-bits for the host ID.

One way to divide a class B into multiple networks is to use four of the host bits as a subnet ID. There is now a 20-bit subnet mask of 255.255.240.0, and only 12-bits remain for the host ID.

Partitioning the host ID this way always results in a fixed number of subnets and a fixed number of hosts per subnet.

In a situation where an organization has a Class B network with four subnets, thousands of IP addresses can be wasted if some of the subnets have only a few hosts in them. To use IP addresses more efficiently, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) was created.

With CIDR, there are no more network classes. CIDR uses variable length subnet masks (VLSM) for subnetting. The network ID no longer has to be on an octet boundary. In a classed addressed system, the network represented by the IP address 192.168.5.0 is a class C network address. The minimum number of bits that can make up the network ID is 24 and the maximum number of hosts is 254. Using CIDR addressing, sometimes referred to as classless addressing, the number of bits that can make up the network ID is not restricted by class. Networks can be created that use the 192.168.0.0 address space with fewer than 24 bits indicating the network number. For example the address 192.168.82.174 is part of a network in which the first 18 bits make up the network ID. The network that this host is in would be specified as 192.168.64.0/18, where the /18 indicates an 18-bit subnet mask (255.255.192.0).

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