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Data Link Protocol PDF

The document discusses data link layer protocols. It describes several protocols used at the data link layer including HDLC, ADCCP, LAP-B, and XMODEM. It also discusses characteristics of data link layer protocols including whether they provide reliable or unreliable transmission, operate in connection-oriented or connectionless modes, and use character-oriented or bit-oriented framing. Additionally, it describes common network topologies used and how different protocols support functions like flow control, error control, and link setup/disconnection.

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Andima Jeff Hardy
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193 views

Data Link Protocol PDF

The document discusses data link layer protocols. It describes several protocols used at the data link layer including HDLC, ADCCP, LAP-B, and XMODEM. It also discusses characteristics of data link layer protocols including whether they provide reliable or unreliable transmission, operate in connection-oriented or connectionless modes, and use character-oriented or bit-oriented framing. Additionally, it describes common network topologies used and how different protocols support functions like flow control, error control, and link setup/disconnection.

Uploaded by

Andima Jeff Hardy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Link Layer Protocol

CS455

Dr. Yonshik Choi Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology Rice Campus
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Link management Link set-up phase and disconnection phase are collectively referred to as link management

Data Link Layer Protocols HDLC, ADCCP, LAP-B, Kermit, XMODEM, BSC
HDLC: High-Level Data Link Control ADCCP: Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol used by ANSI SDLC: Synchronous Data Link Control developed by IBM in 1970 as a replacement for its binary synchronous (BSC) protocol. LAP-B: Link Access Protocol Balanced LAP-D: Link Access Procedure D channel
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LAP-D,

SDLC,

Data Link Control Protocol For transferring data through serial data link Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Character-oriented: in case of slower data rate links: use Idle RQ (for example, modems using Kermit and X-modem) vs. bit-oriented mode: in case of higher rate link involving long physical separations (for example, radio-based satellite links, circuits through private multiplexer networks use HDLC, alternative continuous RQ protocol)
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Best-try (connectionless) mode: unacknowledged service: frame retransmission is managed by higher layers function: e.g. switched network with very low BER (LANs or ISDNs) vs. Reliable service (connection-oriented). Data link protocols are located in the two communicating DTEs (including network equipment working as a DTE).

Supervisory (master) DTE

DLP

Slave DTEs Multidrop or Multipoint topoloty

In multipoint topology case, there are no two transmission occur simultaneously. BSC (binary synchronous control) or bisync: based on character-oriented and idle RQ NRM (normal response mode): based on bitoriented and HDLC Both BSC and NRM use poll-select mode. Poll: when master wishes to get a data from a slave, master sends poll message to the slave node.

Select: when master wants to send data to the slave, it sends a select message. X.25 packet switching networks use LAPB (link access procedure, balanced) as data link protocol based on HDLC. ISDN (integrated service digital network) uses LAPD (link access procedure D channel) based on HDLC. (circuit-switched data network using virtual circuit) In LANs, LLC (logical link control, subclass of HDLC) is used (e.g: ethernet, ring, bus..).
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HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 1. Type of stations Primary station (P): controls the operation of the link (command) Secondary station (S): operates under the control of the P (response) Combined station (C): combines the features of P and S (response, command)

Link configurations Unbalanced configuration P-to-P, Multipoint one P and one or more S full-duplex, half-duplex Balanced configuration P-to-P two C (combined station) full-duplex, half-duplex

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P to P: unbalanced configuration command P response P to multi P: unbalanced P response S P to P: balanced configuration command P+S response response P+S command
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S command

Data transfer modes Normal Responsed Mode (NRM) unbalanced configuration P may initiate data transfer to a S S may only transmit data in response to a poll from the P multidrop line, point-to-point Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM) balanced configuration either C may initiate transmission without permission from the other full-duplex P-to-P
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Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM) - unbalanced configuration - S may initiate transmission without explicit permission of the P - P retains responsibility for the line, initialization, error recovery, and logical disconnection - hub polling

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Frame structure Flag: 8 bits Address: one or more octets Control: 8 or 16 bits Information: variable FCS: 16 or 32 bits Flag: 8 bits

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Start of fram e delim iter

Fram e header

Inform ationfield

Endof fram e delim iter

8 Flag

8/16 A ddress

8/16 C ontrol

0toN Inform ation

16/32 FC S

8 Flag

D irectionof transm ission

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Operation I-frame N(S) : send frame number N(R) : ACK frame number (next frame no. expected), piggyback P/F : Primary - poll bit (command) Secondary - final bit(response) NRM - primary issues a poll giving permission to send secondary sets on the last I-frame ARM, ABM - used to coordinate the exchange of Sand U-frame

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S-frame: flow and error control RR: NRM, ABM P == > RR, P (P poll S, when no I frame is available) S<== I -frame (when S has data, set F at the frame) RR, F (when no data to send) P ==> RR, -P (positive ACK by P) RNR: NRM, ABM p ==> RNR, P (solicit receive status) <== S RR, F (can receive I-frame) RNR, F (busy S) P ==> RNR, -P (busy P) <== S RR, F (O.K!) REJ: ABM(?), go back N SREJ: ABM, selective repeat
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Classes of frames 1. Unnumbered frames - Link setup and disconnection - Unnumbered: no ACK info (no sequence #s) 2. Information frames (I-frame) - Carry information / data - May carry ACK info piggybacked (ABM, ARM) 3. Supervisory frames - Error and flow control - Contain send / receive sequence numbers

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Supervisory frames RR (Receiver Ready) and RNR (Receiver Not Ready) - Used in NRM and ABM - Secondary willing/unwilling to accept I-frame - Secondary ACK REJ (Reject) and SREJ (Selective Reject) -Used in ABM - Indicate out of sequence I-frame received - Rej: Go Back N, SREJ: Selective Repeat

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Unnumbered frame -Set SNRM/SARM/SABM: set logical link between primary and secondary and inform secondary of the mode of operation -UA: ACK to other frames in this class - DISC: Primary clears logical link

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Link Management -Exchange of unnumbered frames to setup/take down logical connection and Ack - NRM: Multidrop link

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ABM: Point to - Point

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