Scribd
Upload
7K views28 pages

Chapter 1 Upload To Website

Uploaded by

api-230790968
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7K views28 pages

Chapter 1 Upload To Website

Uploaded by

api-230790968
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

AP World History Chapter 1: From Ape to Civilization

J. Law

Human Prehistory Traits for Success

Homo sapiens sapiens


What advantages did the human species have?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Opposable thumb High sex drive Omnivorous Giant brain Capacity for communication; divine motivation

What drawbacks did the human species have? 1. Aggressive towards one another 2. Babies require constant nurture 3. Spine not fully evolved for upright posture 4. Understanding of death evokes fears

Long gestation and maturity period

Species Mouse Human Chimpanzee

Gestation 20 days 266 days 227 days

Sexual Maturation 4-6 weeks 10-11 years 7 years

Paleolithic Age
Old Stone Age (2.5 mya to 12000 B.C.E.) Remember P. E. R. S. I. A. N.? Political, Social, Economic hunter-gathering groups (kinship) Hunter-gathering: men - hunting for meat; women - foraging for nuts, berries, etc. What is a limitation of hunter-gathering societies? How are they socially different from today?

Religion Animism, pagan beliefs (polytheistic)


Intellectual, Artistic Crude stone tools, fire, cave paintings Near Originating in Africa, spreading as time went on

Neolithic Age
New Stone Age (8000 to 5000 B.C.E.) P cities E slash & burn agriculture, sedentary agriculture, domestication of animals R polytheistic S division of labor, patriarchy I & A potters wheel, granary, metal working

Neolithic revolution advent of agriculture as a result of technological advances, climate change, and loss of game animals

Results population growth, specialization, environmental degradation, time and labor to invest on larger projects

Catal Huyuk
7000 B.C.E. in modern day Turkey region Mud brick houses with timber frameworks Time for leisure socializing on rooftops Political control over nearby villages, led to kings Religion monarchs claiming divine status Economic trade with hunter-gatherers; specialization: toolmakers, jewelers Model for future civilizations and establishments

Bronze Age
From 5000 to 1500 B.C.E. 1500 B.C.E. Replaced by Iron when herding people invade Middle East

P gave nomads-barbarians military superiority over early settlements E, I metal hoes expanded agriculture, axes allowed more efficient chopping of wood, weapons and armor for war; coins became currency

Civilization
What are some characteristics of civilization? Practices sedentary agriculture; food surpluses; self-sufficient Uses and crafts tools Has religious ceremonies and beliefs Is organized by some political structure Maintains trade with other groups of people diffusion of ideas Has a complex social structure; class, gender

Harappa
You cant do it without order, labor, and food! Cant build cities on an empty stomach!

Egyptian Social Pyramid


Ruling class arguably does the least amount of work inequality in society (exists even today) Labor intensive classes at the bottom of period, most numerous More farmers than other classes food

Keep records; data or taxes more efficient management Preserve knowledge Communication abroad Develop art

Writing

Compare and contrast civilized society with hunter-gatherer societies.


Huntergatherers Civilization

Compare and contrast civilized society with hunter-gatherer societies.


Category Political (how decisions are made) Economic (how resources are collected) Hunter-gatherers Civilization Kinship Monarchs, emperors, upper class
Agriculture Herding, ranching Metal working Artisans Labor projects

Hunting, foraging

Trading

Social (relationship between different groups)


Religious (belief systems)

Gender equality, Nomadic, Small population


Spirits, Animism

Patriarchy (maledominated), Sedentary, Large population


Gods, after-life Polytheistic

River Valley Civilizations 3500 1000 B.C.E.

Tigris - Euphrates
3500 B.C.E. Sumerians invade Mesopotamia Political structure: city-states Religion: polytheism (important from ziggurats and divine authority-king)

Tigris - Euphrates
1800 B.C.E. Babylonian empire established 1600 B.C.E. Fall of Babylon Why was the region prone to invasion? Hammurabis Code Early codification of law; justice and order Why is the modern day Middle East less luscious than in ancient Sumer? How did the region adapt to the reoccurring trend of invasion?

Egypt
3000 B.C.E. Formation of Egypt God-like Pharaohs; weak Pharaohs focusing on elaborate tombs and pleasure led to invasion (but less so than Mesopotamia) durable dynasties overall Government more active Cheerful & colorful art

c. 1000 B.C.E. Kush conquers Egypt

Harappa
2500 B.C.E. Emerged along Indus river Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro houses had running water, built along grid-like system; citadels Centralized government with laborers Resisted foreign influences, natural disasters Much of its history lost due to Aryan Indo-European invasion

China
2000 B.C.E. Organized state with advanced technology 1500 B.C.E. Shang conquers China, centralizes government Developed along Yellow River Kings claimed mandate of heaven; god-like Believed in oracles and spirits Isolated development, writing, and unique culture fostered a national identity

Compare & Contrast


Similarities Advanced technology: mathematics to build pyramids, ziggurats, grid-like cities, temples Developed along a river Writing Differences Cultural, Certain aspects of religion Geography, climate Fate: Foundation & contribution to future civilizations

Thesis: From 3500 1000 B.C.E., the early river civilizations all developed writing, advanced technology, and had unique belief systems different from one another. Keep in mind to mention: Time period, location(s), and 2-3 points in 2:1 ratio between similarities and differences

1. Mesopotamia vs. Egypt

2. Harappa vs. China

Phoenicians
Mediterranean society Improved Egyptian numbering systems, traders who established cities along Mediterranean Contributed alphabet which would later lead to development of modern day alphabet Set stage for future civilizations (Greek, Rome)

Next World Religion: Judaism


Monotheism worship of a single God 1200 B.C.E. Jewish state founded Hebrew bible (moral code) 63 B.C.E. Romans capture Jewish state Concept of God more orderly and just

What factors made Judaism lack appeal when it first arose? Why do you think other monotheistic religions based off Judaism took hold later?

What Do You Remember?


With the development of agriculture and domestication of animals, what also spread? Where did the Neolithic Revolution originate? What is one main achievement of human beings before civilization? What role did nomads play alongside civilization?

You might also like