Fire tube boilers are preferred for lower operating pressures and steam outputs, while water tube boilers are used for higher pressures and outputs. High pressure boilers use forced water circulation, have smaller drums or no drums, and expose water tubes continuously to flue gases to facilitate evaporation. They offer advantages like increased efficiency and capacity, reduced scale formation, and ability to meet rapid load fluctuations. However, they require sensitive controls and pure feedwater. Examples of high pressure boilers include LaMont, Loeffler, and supercritical boilers operating up to 340 bar and 600°C.
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Fire tube boilers are preferred for lower operating pressures and steam outputs, while water tube boilers are used for higher pressures and outputs. High pressure boilers use forced water circulation, have smaller drums or no drums, and expose water tubes continuously to flue gases to facilitate evaporation. They offer advantages like increased efficiency and capacity, reduced scale formation, and ability to meet rapid load fluctuations. However, they require sensitive controls and pure feedwater. Examples of high pressure boilers include LaMont, Loeffler, and supercritical boilers operating up to 340 bar and 600°C.
Fire tube boilers are preferred for lower operating pressures and steam outputs, while water tube boilers are used for higher pressures and outputs. High pressure boilers use forced water circulation, have smaller drums or no drums, and expose water tubes continuously to flue gases to facilitate evaporation. They offer advantages like increased efficiency and capacity, reduced scale formation, and ability to meet rapid load fluctuations. However, they require sensitive controls and pure feedwater. Examples of high pressure boilers include LaMont, Loeffler, and supercritical boilers operating up to 340 bar and 600°C.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Fire tube boilers are preferred for lower operating pressures and steam outputs, while water tube boilers are used for higher pressures and outputs. High pressure boilers use forced water circulation, have smaller drums or no drums, and expose water tubes continuously to flue gases to facilitate evaporation. They offer advantages like increased efficiency and capacity, reduced scale formation, and ability to meet rapid load fluctuations. However, they require sensitive controls and pure feedwater. Examples of high pressure boilers include LaMont, Loeffler, and supercritical boilers operating up to 340 bar and 600°C.
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High Pressure Boilers
Fire tube boilers are cheaper and easier to transport at low operating pressures (<30bar) and steam generation rates less than 30000kg/hr. Above these parameters, the size of the shell becomes unwieldy to transport.
The pressure vessel of the water tube boilers is of much smaller diameter. Water Tube Boiler can be site erected. Shape of the water tube is not limited to cylindrical. Water tube boilers are preferred for high operating pressures and outputs. Fire tube boilers are preferred for lower operating pressures and outputs.
Unique Features of H.P Boilers
Method of circulation Type of tubing and drum arrangement Improved method of heating
Method of circulation of water and steam
Water circulation is maintained using a centrifugal pump. Forced circulation is preferred above 160 bar. In boilers of critical importance forced is always used.
Type of tubing and drum arrangement
The drum size is small or eliminated all together. The water tube is exposed to flue gases almost continuously to facilitate evaporation. The pressure drop is large if only one tube is used to get all the steam. Hence a parallel series of tubes is used.
This helps reduce pressure loss, and also the steam quality can be controlled much better.
Improved method of heating
Large heating devices are used. The velocity of the water in the tubes is made sonic. Evaporation at above critical pressure of steam. Mixing with superheated steam.
Advantages of H.P Boilers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Efficiency and capacity of the plant can be increased.
Forced circulation reduces scale formation. Forced circulation increases the evaporative capacity of the boiler. Forced circulation reduces the number of drums required. Heat from the flue gases is used much more efficiently due to presence of smaller diameter tubes. Pressurised combustion increases the rate of firing of fuels.
Advantages of H.P Boilers
7. 8. 9. Flexibility in design of furnace and tubing. Parts are uniformly heated, reducing overheating and chances of leakages. Extreme compactness and light for a given output.
10. 11. 12. 13.
Meets rapid fluctuations in loads.
Components can be placed at a lower head due to forced circulation. Efficiency can be increased by 40 to 45 percent. Economical.
Disadvantages of H.P Boilers
Require extremely sensitive controls. Water should be free from contaminants.
LaMont Boiler
45 to 50 t 130 bar 500 C
Loeffler Boiler
100 tonnes 140 bar
Benson Boiler
Velox Boiler
Supercritical Boiler Steam generated above critical pressure. Forced circulation once-through boiler. (Latent heat of vaporisation is zero, so water flashes into steam) They operate upto 340bar and 600 0C Requires extremely pure feed water
