Coordinating Conjunctions

And But Or Nor For Yet So The words above are called coordinating conjunctions. They join words, phrases, or independent clauses of a sentence together. The word coordinate(verb) means of the same order or importance; equal in rank. So, coordinating conjunctions often link similar grammatical parts of a sentence together (i.e. parts of speech + parts of speech; phrase + phrase; clause + clause). Lets take a look at some sentences with coordinating conjunctions: On Friday night we watched TV and a movie. We went to the park, but we did not have time for the museum. She has to work late tonight, so she cannot make it to party. Let's meet at the beach or in front of the hotel. As you can see from the above examples coordinating conjunctions come in between the individual words, phrases, and independent clauses they are joining. In the sentences above:

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

"and" is between two nouns "but" is between two independent phrases "so" is between two independent phrases "or" is between two prepositional phrases

Subordinating Conjunctions
Here's a list of some of the most common subordinating conjunctions:

after although as because before how if once since than that though till until when where whether while Subordinating conjunctions join an independent clause (contains both a subject and a verb and can act as a complete sentence) and a dependent clause(also contains a subject and a verb, but is not a complete sentence). Basically, dependent clauses cannot exist on their own; they need to be joined to an independent clause. Subordinating conjunctions do just that. The wordsubordinate (adjective) means something of lesser or unequal value, which also gives you a clue about its position in a sentence in relation to an independent clause. Let's take a look at some examples:

1. They went running (independent clause), although it was very hot (dependent clause). 2. We decided to take a couple of French classes this summer (independent clause), since we could not go away on vacation (dependent clause).

3. Monica went to law school in New York, while her brother went to law school in California. Subordinating conjunctions always come at the beginning of a dependent clause. Its important to note, however, that dependent clauses can sometimes (not always) come before an independent clause. We could write the above sentences this way: 1. Although it was very hot, they went running. 2. Since we could not go away on vacation (dependent clause), we decided to take a couple of French classes this summer (independent clause). 3. While her brother went to law school in California, Monica went to law school in California. While coordinating conjunctions join parts of sentence that are similar, subordinating conjunctions often shows a contrasting or unequal relationship.

Correlative Conjunctions

both / and not only / but also either / or neither / nor whether / or Correlative conjunctions come in pairs. The word correlative (adjective) means a similar relationship of some kind. Thus correlative conjunctions join similar concepts in a sentence together. Examples: We talked both to her parents and her doctor. Jason not only speaks Chinese, but also Japanese and Korean. You can have either pie or a cake. She neither liked the hotel nor the restaurant. Everything depends on whether he gets the teaching job in June or the one in September. Similar to coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions joins similar grammatical parts of a sentence (parts of speech + parts of speech; phrase + phrase; clause + clause).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS These conjunctions join independent clauses together. The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs: after all in addition

next

also incidentally nonetheless as a result indeed on the contrary besides in fact on the other hand consequently in other words otherwise finally instead still for example likewise then furthermore meanwhile therefore hence moreover thus however nevertheless Punctuation: Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after the conjunctive adverb. D. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions After in order (that) unless Although insofar as until As in that when as far as lest whenever as soon as no matter how where as if now that wherever as though once whether Because provided (that) while Before since why even if so that even though supposing (that) How than If that inasmuch as though in case (that) till Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other. A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two clauses in a sentence.