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    Heat Required in Kcal For Unit Generation of Electricity

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    Ayan Chattaraj
    1) Improving the heat rate of a power plant unit by 1 Kcal/KWh can result in annual savings of 36 lacs. 2) The current heat rate of Unit 2 is 2720 Kcal/KWh and the target is 2500 Kcal/KWh. 3) Minor deviations in operating parameters like flue gas temperature, excess oxygen, and main steam pressure can affect the heat rate by 2-7 Kcal/KWh.

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    Heat Required in Kcal For Unit Generation of Electricity

    Uploaded by

    Ayan Chattaraj
    138 views18 pages
    1) Improving the heat rate of a power plant unit by 1 Kcal/KWh can result in annual savings of 36 lacs. 2) The current heat rate of Unit 2 is 2720 Kcal/KWh and the target is 2500 Kcal/KWh. 3) Minor deviations in operating parameters like flue gas temperature, excess oxygen, and main steam pressure can affect the heat rate by 2-7 Kcal/KWh.

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    1) Improving the heat rate of a power plant unit by 1 Kcal/KWh can result in annual savings of 36 lacs. 2) The current heat rate of Unit 2 is 2720 Kcal/KWh and the target is 2500 Kcal/KWh. 3) Minor deviations in operating parameters like flue gas temperature, excess oxygen, and main steam pressure can affect the heat rate by 2-7 Kcal/KWh.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    138 views18 pages

    Heat Required in Kcal For Unit Generation of Electricity

    Uploaded by

    Ayan Chattaraj
    1) Improving the heat rate of a power plant unit by 1 Kcal/KWh can result in annual savings of 36 lacs. 2) The current heat rate of Unit 2 is 2720 Kcal/KWh and the target is 2500 Kcal/KWh. 3) Minor deviations in operating parameters like flue gas temperature, excess oxygen, and main steam pressure can affect the heat rate by 2-7 Kcal/KWh.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    HEATRATE IMPROVEMENT

    HEAT REQUIRED IN KCAL FOR UNIT GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY


    1 KCAL / KWH IMPROVEMENT IN STATION HEAT RATE RESULTS IN SAVING OF Rs 36 LACS /ANNUM

    TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY (HR) OF UNIT # 2.


    TPCL/JSR/3SCR/06.07/18 TEAM MEMBERS1) S S SHUKLA 2) V S DAHIWASE 3) VIKRANT SINGH 4) DINESH CHANDRA 5) A P TRIVEDI 6) MANOJ KUMAR

    TARGET TO BE ACHIEVED

    CURRENT HEAT RATE : 2720 KCAL/KWH.


    TARGET HEAT RATE : 2500 KCAL/KWH.

    APPROXIMATE EFFECT ON ACTUAL HEAT RATE


    PARAMETERS
    MS TEMP. M S PR .

    DEVIATION
    - 5 deg C - 1 Kg\cm2 - 5 deg C + 1%

    EFFECT (KCAL\KWH) + 2.3


    + 1.0 +1.0 2.4 to 3.6

    RH TEMP. RH SPRAY

    APPROXIMATE EFFECT ON ACTUAL HEAT RATE


    BACK PR. EXCESS O2 + 1mm HgA + 1% O2 +2.0 +7.2

    FLUE GAS TEMP


    EXCESS MAKE UP AUX POWER

    +5 deg C
    +1% +1%

    +4.6
    +6 +20

    HEATRATE IMPROVEMENT UNIT HEAT RATE


    A unit heat rate includes all heat input to the boiler. The heat input to the boiler include all forms of chemical energy supplied and the gross electrical generation. For most functions (daily/monthly/annual reporting, comparison/ benchmarking of units) unit or plant heat rate is used.

    HEATRATE IMPROVEMENT NET UNIT HEAT RATE


    A unit heat rate includes all heat input to the boiler. The heat input to the boiler include all forms of chemical energy supplied and the net electrical generation i.e., auxiliary power is to be subtracted from gross electrical energy.

    HEATRATE IMPROVEMENT Gross Turbine Cycle Heat Rate (GTCHR)


    A Gross Turbine Cycle heat rate includes only heat input to the turbine cycle. GTCHR is the ratio of total heat input to the turbine cycle and the gross generator output.

    COMPUTATION OF HEAT RATE


    DIRECT METHOD
    ( COAL BASED)

    RATIO OF HEAT INPUT TO GROSS GENERATION COAL CONSUMPTION X COAL GCV HEAT RATE = --------------------------------------------------------GROSS GENERATION EASY CALCULATION FEW PARAMETERS ANALYSIS OF DEVIATION OF HEAT RATE NOT POSSIBLE UNCERTAINTY IS VERY HIGH

    HEAT LOSS
    HEAT LOSS DUE TO OPERATING PARAMETERS
    HEAT LOSS DUE TO EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE
    DRAIN VALVE PASSING /RADIATION LOSS

    CONTROLABLE HEAT LOSS


    ACCOUNTABLE

    UN-CONTROLABLE HEAT LOSS


    UN ACCOUNTABLE

    HEAT LOSS DUE TO OPERATING PARAMETERS


    1.LOAD (PARTIAL LOADING) 2. MS PR. BEFORE ESV 3. MS TEMP. BEFORE ESV 4. HRH TEMP. BEFORE IV 5. RE HEATER ATTEMPERATION

    HEAT LOSS DUE TO OPERATING PARAMETERS

    6. CONDENSER BACK PRESSURE 7. CW INLET TEMP 8. DM MAKE UP 9. FW TEMP. AT HPH 6 O/L 10. APH EXIT FLUE GAS TEMP & O 2.

    HEAT LOSS DUE TO EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE


    1: CONDENSER PERFORMANCE 2: TURBINE EFFICIENCY (HPT/IPT/LPT) 3: LP/HP HEATER PERFORMANCE 4: COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE 5: BOILER EFFICIENCY 6: APH PERFORMANCE 7: MILL PERFORMANCE 8: VACUUM PUMP PERFORMANCE

    Direct Method Testing


    Steam Output

    Fuel Input 100% + Air

    Boiler

    Flue Gas

    Efficiency =
    Boiler Efficiency

    Steam flow rate x (steam enthalpy feed water enthalpy) x 100 Fuel firing rate x Gross calorific value

    Heat addition to Steam x 100 Gross Heat in Fuel

    Water

    Indirect Method Testing


    Steam Output
    1. Dry Flue gas loss 2. H2 loss 3. Moisture in fuel 4. Moisture in air 5. CO loss

    6. Surface loss

    7. Fly ash loss

    Fuel Input, 100%

    Boiler

    Flue gas sample

    Air

    Water

    8. Bottom ash loss Blow down

    Efficiency = 100 (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8)

    (by Indirect Method)

    BOILER PERFORMANCE Dry flue gas loss Loss due to fuel moisture Loss due to fuel hydrogen Loss due to air moisture Loss due to unburnt carbon Radiation loss Other losses like sensible heat loss ONLY TWO LOSSES ie DFG LOSS AND UNBURNT CARBON LOSS ARE CONTROLLABLE

    BOILER PERFORMANCE
    DRY FLUE GAS LOSS HIGH INEFFECTIVE SOOT BLOWING HIGH DRAFT POOR APH PERFORMANCE SEAL LEAKAGE IN APH HIGH EXCESS AIR HIGH TEMPERING AIR AIR INGRESS HIGH APH DP

    BOILER PERFORMANCE
    UNBURNT CARBON LOSS: POOR COAL FINNESS

    IMPROPER COMBUSTION HIGH FC/VM RATIO

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