Industrial Safety of Lifting Procedure
Industrial Safety of Lifting Procedure
Industrial Safety of Lifting Procedure
Includes prime movers, transmission machinery and other appliances whereby power is generated, transformed, transmitted or applied.
Lifting Equipments:
Hydras CRANES: limit switches Fork lifts Magnetic lift crane Mobile cranes: wheel ,crawler EOT Gantry Chain pully:spur gear,worm wheel Winch machine
Lifting tackle:
Slings Ropes Shackles Swivel Rings Couplers Sockets, Eyebolts. Frames & spreaders Plate lifting clamps
Overview
Terms & definitions Planning the lift The lift Landing the load Dos & Donts Case study Slinging methods Safe slinging practice
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Definitions
Tag line:
A rope of suitable strength, construction and length attached with an appropriate recognised bend or hitch to the load, used to control the load during lifting or positioning.
Test certificate:
A certificate issued by an authorized person
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Absence of planning leads to Short cuts, using unsafe procedure, equipment & It may cause An ACCIDENT OR DELAY
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The lift
After slinging but before lifting, the following must be considered
Are the slings undamaged and properly attached to the load? Is the crane hoist rope vertical? Is the load free i.e not attached to any thing else? Are the legs of multi legged sling equally loaded? Are all spare all spare legs of the sling are hooked up to the master link on the lifting hook?
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The lift
After slinging but before lifting, the following must be considered
Are all personnel clear of the load? Is the landing site prepared to take the load? If required, is hand/tag lines attached to the load?
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The load should be landed gently to ensure that it is not damaged and that the crane does not receive any shock loading.
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SWL OF SLINGS
SAFE WORKING LOAD OF SLING G = 10 TON at 90 INCLUDED ANGLE SAFE WORKING LOAD WITH ANGLE 10 TON 3.45 TON 6.80 TON 7.07 TON 12.25 TON 14.14 TON
P = G / Cos 45
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Determining capacity of 2-Leg Bridle Hitch SWL = SWL (of single vertical hitch) X H/L X2
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When sling legs are not of equal length use smallest H/L ratio.
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Determining capacity of 3-Leg Bridle Hitch SWL = SWL (of single vertical hitch) X H/L X 3 When sling legs are not of equal length use smallest H/L ratio.
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Determining capacity of Single Basket Hitch For Vertical legs (fig A): SWL = SWL (of single vertical hitch) X 2
For inclined legs (fig B): SWL = SWL (of single vertical hitch) X H/L X 2
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SLING ANGLES AND SAFE WORKING LOADS Determining capacity of Double Basket Hitch with inclined angles SWL = SWL (of single vertical hitch) X H/L X 4
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SLING ANGLES AND SAFE WORKING LOADS Determining capacity of Double Wrap Basket Hitch Depending on the configuration, SWLs are the same for the Single Basket Hitch or the Double Basket Hitch.
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SLING ANGLES AND SAFE WORKING LOADS Sling angles less than 45 (formed by the choker) are not recommended. If they must be used the formula is: SWL = SWL (of single vertical hitch) X H/L X A/B X 2
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A case study 1
The incident:
In June 2003, a tragic incident occurred at one of the oil and gas development site in Algeria, resulting in one fatality and two injuries.
The incident occurred during the assembly of an onshore drilling rig. A large section of the rig was being lifted when a lifting chain failed.
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A case study 1
Actual measurement to hook position was 9.43 m. 7.5 m to centre of crane slew ring correct jib head/hook position
Probably out of alignment in this direction (this would transfer entire load to one sling)
Sketch of out-of-alignment load path during lift, resulting in lifting chain failure
Chain being pulled into angle would increase tendency to jam and prevent chain slipping round to equalize loading
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A case study 1
The causes, as established by an investing team:
Use of an underrated chain sling. Incorrect slinging and lifting techniques. The crane hook was positioned off-centre, resulting in the load path being out of alignment. Combined with a hinged load, this prevented the sling from equalizing on all chain legs when raised. Consequently, the entire load of 23.1 tonnes was placed on one chain leg that had a breaking load of 18.9 tonnes resulting in failure of chain
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Case Study 2
Job : erection of gantry crane beams Description of Accident:
Two beams of 11.5m X 1.5m X 0.75m weighing about 6 tones were lying on concrete sleepers. Out of two beams one beam was lying on sleeper in horizontal position. The other beam was in vertical position and was to be positioned to make alignment with the first beam.
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Case Study 2
Job : erection of gantry crane beams Description of Accident:
Slings were placed around the vertical beam. Mr. XYZ went up the beam to adjust the sling. He adjusted the sling and stood in between the two beams. In the meantime someone gave signal to lift the beam. Crane operator lifted the beam by about 4 mm up its position.
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Case Study 2
Job : erection of gantry crane beams Description of Accident:
During that operation beam swayed towards the first beam and Mr. XYZ was caught between the two beams. On hearing the scream, crane driver placed the beam back on its original position.
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Case Study 2
Job : erection of gantry crane beams Description of Accident:
Mr. XYZ got up and tried to get out of two beams but he stumbled and fell down on sleepers, got injury near left eyebrow. He was taken to hospital, but was declared as dead.
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Case Study 2
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Case Study 2 -
Investigation
1. No hand rope (tag line) was used to avoid swinging of the job. 2 Both the lifting rope used are having N no. of kinks on it., naturally these kinks will have tendency to swing the job. 3. No lifting hole or lugs were made to the beam to rotate it. 4. Crane operator does not know who gave him signal for lifting the job.
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C.G.
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This load is not stable. The hook is over the CG, but the CG is above the lifting hook. This load is top heavy, and could overturn while being lifted
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Unstable
The load will shift until the CG is under the hook. This will make landing the load very difficult, and could cause major problems in crainage
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90
90
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45
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30
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1000 kg
1000 kg
1000 kg
1000 kg
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Tag line should be attached to the load swinging and to help it landing in the right place.
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Unsafe Slinging
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Unsafe Slinging
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Unsafe Slinging
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Unsafe Slinging
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Unsafe Slinging
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Sling storage
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Hand Signals
When should the crane operator follow hand signals?
A crane operator should always move loads according to the established code of signals, and use a signaler. Hand signals are preferred and commonly used.
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Hand Signals
Who can give the hand signals?
a person qualified to give crane signals to the operator, there should be only one designated signaler at a time, a crane operator should move loads only on signals from one signaler,
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With forearm vertical, forefinger pointing up, move hand in small horizontal circle
HOIST
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MAGNET DISCONNECTED
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No
part of the sling should be overloaded either by the weight of the load or by the method of slinging.
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Sling storage
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