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Introduction To State Variable Analysis in Control System

This document introduces state variable analysis in control systems. It notes that the transfer function approach has limitations when dealing with nonlinear or multi-input multi-output systems. State variable analysis represents the system using state variables, which are the minimum set of variables needed to describe the internal state of the system. The state variables, inputs, and outputs can be related using state equations and output equations to model the behavior of the system over time. This state-space representation allows modeling of more complex systems compared to the transfer function approach.

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Sarmila Patra
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791 views9 pages

Introduction To State Variable Analysis in Control System

This document introduces state variable analysis in control systems. It notes that the transfer function approach has limitations when dealing with nonlinear or multi-input multi-output systems. State variable analysis represents the system using state variables, which are the minimum set of variables needed to describe the internal state of the system. The state variables, inputs, and outputs can be related using state equations and output equations to model the behavior of the system over time. This state-space representation allows modeling of more complex systems compared to the transfer function approach.

Uploaded by

Sarmila Patra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to State Variable Analysis in Control System

Why do we need State Variable Analysis


Transfer function Approach suffers from the following drawbacks The Transfer function is defined only under zero initial conditions. It is only applicable to linear time invariant system and generally restricted to single input single output (SISO) system. It provides no information about the internal state of the system.

To overcome these drawbacks, a more generalized technique of state variable approach in time domain was developed.

Definition of State
The state of a system is the smallest set of variables such that the knowledge of these variables at t=t0 and the input functions at t>t0 completely determines the behavior of the system for any time t>t0

State Model

Controlled System

State model
x u y 1 1 1 x2 u 2 y2 X(t) .. U (t) .. Y (t) .. .. .. .. x u y n n n

State Equation
dx (t ) f ( x , x ,.....x , u , u ,....u ) dt (t ) f ( X (t ),U (t )) or X
i i 1 2 n 1 2 m

i 1,2,.......n

Output Equation
y (t ) g ( x , x ,.....x , u , u ,....u )
j j 1 2 n 1 2 m

or Y (t ) g ( X (t ),U (t )) j 1,2,.......p

Time Varying System

(t) f(X(t), U(t), t) X Y(t) g(X(t), U(t), t)

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