Nokia Flexi Hopper Microwave Radio with FIU 19

By Mitesh Vyas Subhankar Pradhan Deepak Singh

 Nokia flexi Hooper network is an ID and OD unit. The units are connected together with a single coaxial cable, Flexbus. The Flexbus cable can be up to 300 m long. Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radios works on 7, 8, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, and 38 GHz frequency bands. Radio transmission capacity of all Nokia FlexiHopper models is 2 x 2, 4 x 2, 8 x 2, or 16 x 2 mbps.

This can be selected using the node manager without any hardware changes.

Nokia FlexiHopper outdoor unit Nokia FlexiHopper OD unit is small and light in weight: 21x23x(12 - 22) cm3 / 4.0 - 6.7 kg.

All frequency bands use same technical concept and same mechanical construction only mechanical difference between outdoor units is the length of the collar.
Transmitter use DQPSK (differential quadrature phase shift keying) modulation, which has the advantages of a narrow spectrum and good output power efficiency.

 Typical maximum output power is 16 - 23 dbm.

The output power can be adjusted electrically via the node manager. When radio is set on low frequency hop length will go longer.

 Features Nokia Flexi Hopper Microwave Radios have many advanced features: Cross-connections and Flexbus Special features of the Nokia Flexi Hopper outdoor unit features of the indoor units (FIU 19, FIU 19RJ, FIU 19E, RRIC, and FXC RRI) and the IFUE interface unit protection methods Configuration backup. Integrated radio and cross-connection
Flexbus single cable interconnections

Outdoor unit

Indoor Unit

Digital processing

Flexbus The same coaxial cable also feeds power to the outdoor unit

 Bidirectional flexbus cable connects all system elements together.

It carries 2 -16 x 2 mbps signals and control data. flexbus also feeds power to the outdoor unit. flexbus gives high flexibility to PDH N/W without any external multiplexers. Different logical signal can be carried out by flexbus. Nokia Flexi Hopper outdoor unit

 Nokia flexi Hooper use forward error connection(FEC)and interleaving for improve signal quality.
Interleaving must be the same in both ends of the hop otherwise transferred data will not received correctly. ALCQ (Adaptive Level Control with Quality measure). ALCQ is a method for automatic transmit power control. This feature enables the radio transmitter to increase or decrease the transmit power automatically. Automatic fading margin measurement

In Nokia Flexi Hopper, the fading margin measurement is automatic and can be started simply by using software.

 Protection methods: 1. equipment protection 2. Propagation protection 3. loop protection Equipment protection Equipment protection protects a single transmission link against faults in the equipment. Equipment protection can be implemented by any of the following methods hot standby (HSB) with one antenna HSB with two antennas Propagation protection Propagation protection is used to minimize the number of traffic interruptions due to interference in the transmission path. In propagation protection, a pair of Nokia FlexiHopper outdoor units are protecting to each other.

 Loop protection Loop protection is actually a type of network topology. single links in a loop can be protected with equipment or propagation Protection method. Loop protection protects both against equipment faults and against Interference in the transmission path. Applications

Typical applications which can use Nokia FlexiHopper radios include:

as an access node for Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS or Nokia MetroSite GSM BTS In cellular transmission applications - BTS (base transceiver station) to BTS - BTS to BSC (base station controller) - BSC to MSC (mobile switching centre) In access applications - residential access - city access

 In dedicated networks for - railway companies - electrical utilities - oil and gas companies - defence institutions In PMR (professional mobile radio) systems In providing temporary voice or data links. Network applications

Nokia Flexi Hopper is mainly used in microcellular sites.

It can also be used in the microcell layer when there is a need for higher capacities or longer radio hops than can be achieved with Nokia Metro Hopper.

 Mechanical structure Flexi Hopper outdoor unit, antenna and alignment unit Indoor units (FIU 19, FIU 19RJ, FIU 19E, RRIC, and FXC RRI) and an nterface unit (IFUE). Nokia Flexi Hopper outdoor unit The outdoor unit consists of: RF parts - microwave module - IF module -duplex filter modem - microprocessor environment - digital and analog signal processing power supply module and Flexbus cable interface (CI).

The antenna used with Nokia Flexi Hopper may be integrated or separate. Antennas are available in five sizes: 20, 30, 60, 120, and 180 cm. The sizes available depend on the frequency band of the unit. The polarization of the antenna can be easily changed by rotating the outdoor unit and the antenna feeder through 90.

Cross-polarization antennas are also available.

The Nokia Flexi Hopper radio is connected to small (20, 30, or 60 cm) single antenna directly using Nokia alignment unit or to larger single antenna (120, 180cm) using snap-on-adapter. No waveguides are needed. Alignment is carried out using a ratchet or a battery-operated screwdriver. All antennas can be used also as separate connecting flexible waveguide on antenna flange. Large antennas (240, 300 cm) as well as all dual polarized antennas can be used only as separate antenna.

 Installation The outdoor unit can be installed on a roof, wall, or tower. The antenna with alignment unit can be installed on either side of a pole. Normally, no loose parts are needed in the installation of the alignment unit and the outdoor unit. outdoor unit and the antenna are fitted with guides which prevent installation in conflicting polarizations.

Connectors and cabling

The indoor unit and the outdoor unit are connected via a single coaxial cable (Flexbus).

The outdoor unit has one coaxial connector for the Flexbus cable (TNC, 50 ) and one BNC connector for measurement of the AGC (automatic gain voltage.
AGC voltage measurement is needed when aligning the antenna.

Power supply The power is fed to the outdoor unit from the indoor unit via the Flexbus cable No separate power supply is needed. Power consumption of a Nokia FlexiHopper outdoor unit is less than 25 W. Actual power consumption depends on the site equipment and the power losses caused by the equipment.

TYPES OF INDOOR UNIT

1. 2. 3. 4.

FIU 19 or FIU 19RJ compact 19 indoor unit FIU 19E RRIC transmission integrated into the base station FXC RRI Nokia Metro Site GSM BTS, Nokia Metro Hub, and Nokia Ultra Site EDGE BTS indoor unit

 FIU 19 indoor units - FIU 19, FIU 19RJ, and FIU 19E. FIU 19 can feed power to two outdoor units via the Flexbus connections. When more than two outdoor units are used, a Flexbus plug-in unit with its own power supply is required. When four outdoor units are connected, the OUs connected through the main unit Flexbus interfaces (FB1 and FB2) must be configured to protected mode. RRIC indoor unit RRIC is a plug-in indoor unit which fits directly into Nokia Citytalk and Nokia Intertalk base stations. The base stations can house two RRIC units. Each RRIC supports two outdoor units and can feed power to them via the Flexbus connections, a total of four outdoor units per BTS can be supported. FXC RRI indoor unit FXC RRI supports two outdoor units and provides up to 16 x 2 mbps add/drop capacity. If the total Flexbus interface traffic in one FXC RRI is more than 16 x 2 mbps.

 One indoor unit can support two outdoor units. Four outdoor units can be connected to one FIU 19 indoor unit. When four outdoor unit are required there will be one transmission director.

The full radio capacity from 2 x 2 mbps up to 16 x 2 mbps is available with all indoor unit models.

Precautions
This describes the issues that must be taken into account when installing the FIU 19 (E) indoor unit. Familiarized yourself thoroughly with the installation instructions before starting the installation.

Warnings and cautions

Electrical safety Never connect or disconnect the Flex bus cable when the power is on. Damage to the equipment may result. Ensure that the Flex bus LED is not on or blinking.Power can be switched off using the manager software. Precautions Before starting the installation, verify that you have the correct equipment and that the equipment has not been damaged during transport.

Installation restrictions
19-inch units
Consider the following restrictions before installing the indoor unit:

If FIU 19 (E) is installed in a cabinet, leave adequate space for cables between the front panel and the cabinet door.
The ambient temperature of the installation location must be within the range given in technical specifications. When FIU 19 (E) with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity is installed in a standard 19inch rack, an air gap of at least 1/3 U is left between the units (1 U = 44.45 mm). When FIU 19 (E) with 16 x 2M capacity and no protection is installed in a standard 19-inch rack, an air gap of 0.5 U is left between the unit assemblies. When FIU 19 (E) with 16 x 2M capacity and 1+1 protection is installed in a standard 19-inch rack, - In equipment cabinets equipped with a fan improving air circulation, the unit assemblies can be mounted onto each other. - In racks with no enhancement of air circulation, a 1 U air gap must be left between the indoor unit assemblies.

Plug-in units
Consider the following restrictions before installing plug-in units in the FIU 19 plug-in unit slots: The power cable of the Flex bus plug-in unit must always be disconnected when installing or removing the plug-in unit. Negative input voltage is grounded in the Flex bus plug-in unit.The plug-in unit requires an external power supply, if positive grounding is used at the equipment station. Install plug-in units only in slots defined for the specific plug-in unit. See Section 5.1 for applicable unit slots. If the 16 x 2Mexpansion unit is installed, remove any 4 x 2Mplug-in units in the main unit plug-in slots. Interfaces in them will not work. In 1+1 protection, when installing or removing the 16 x 2MIC plug-in unit, the corresponding FIU 19 (E) must be turned off. Although the installation and removal of the FIU 19 plug-in units has been designed to work without flaws even with the power on, we recommend that you switch the FIU 19 (E) power off before installing or removing plug-in units. Note that switching the power off cuts the traffic and resetsany equipment statistics.

Tools
The following tools are required in the installation of the FIU 19 (E) indoor unit:

5 mm Allen key; for 19-inch rack screws T10 Torx driver; needed when changing the mounting brackets.

Task list
Plan the work in advance. The following order is recommended for the installation of FIU 19 (E):
1. 2. 3. 4. Install the indoor unit. Connect the Q1 cables and 2 Mbit/s main interface cables. Connect the Flex bus cables. Connect the power cable.

Installing FIU 19 (E) in a 19-inch rack

FIU 19 (E) is installed in a 19-inch rack using its own mounting brackets. The brackets are included in the FIU 19 (E) packages. FIU 19 (E) with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity The following parts are needed in the installation: FIU 19 (E) main unit with mounting brackets (1 U) four rack nuts and four rack screws (M6x16, Allen-head).

*) Plug-in unit slots are filled at the factory, according to the configuration ordered Fig - Installing FIU 19 4 - 12 x 2M in a 19-inch rack

To install FIU 19 (E) with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity in a 19-inch rack, put the rack mounting nuts (4 pcs) to the rack and fix the main unit to the rack with four screws. Tighten the screws with a 5 mm Allen key.

Removing 19-inch units Caution

Switch the power off and disconnect the IU power supply before removing FIU19 (E) units. When removing units, follow installation steps in reverse order. When a main unit is removed from EXU assembly, the two threaded holes in the slim main unit brackets can be used as ejectors. First remove the screws and drive the same screws into these threaded holes. Tightening these screws pushes the main unit free from the backplane. Fig- Removing 19-inch units

Installing plug-in units

This describes how to install and remove plug-in units of FIU 19 (E). Depending on the configuration ordered, some plug-in units have already been installed at the factory.
CAUTION: Always use a wrist grounding device or equivalent antistatic protection when handling plug-in units removed from their antistatic packaging.

Identifying plug-in units

The following plug-in units are available for FIU 19 (E):

Fig - FIU 19 plug-in units

Installing a plug-in unit

Install plug-in units in the following order
1. 2. 3. 4. Install the Flexbus unit in slot 3. Continue filling the slots beginning from slot 1. Install 4 x 2M units. Install Aux data plug-in units.

In 2 IU protection, two Aux data plug-in units are needed. Install the Aux data plug-in units in the corresponding slots of both the protective FIU 19 (E) units. When FIU 19 (E) is used in 1+1 protection mode, connect the auxiliary interfaces together with an RJ45-RJ45 branch wire. The use of Aux data plug-in units in 2 IU protected mode provides protection for channels over protected radio path and device faults of FIU 19 (E) unit and Flexi Hopper outdoor unit, but not for an Aux data plug-in unit itself.

Fig - Installing a plug-in unit

1. Unscrew the filler plate screws and remove the filler plate from the place. 2. Push the plug-in unit gently to its place 3. Tighten the plug-in unit screws.

Removing a plug-in unit

To remove a FIU 19 plug-in unit:
1. Unscrew the plug-in unit screws. 2. Pull the ejector latch on the plug-in unit to free it from the backplane. 3. Draw the plug-in unit gently out of its place. 4. Replace the filler plate. / Install a new plug-in unit.

Connecting interfaces
This chapter describes how to connect interfaces of FIU 19 (E). The chapter doesnot contain instructions on making cables and connectors. Refer to Appendix A for the description of standard cables used when FIU 19 (E)is installed in Nokia Extra talk Site Support System cabinet. Main unit

Fig - Interfaces of the main units

FIU 19 (E) has the following items marked on the front panel MP: Measurement point interface (SMB connector) LMP: Local management port (BQ connecter) PWR: Power switch + : Power supply connector Q1-1: Q1 network management interface (TQ connector or RJ45 with FIU 19E) Q1-2: Q1 network management interface (TQ connector or RJ45 with FIU 19E) FB1 +DC: Flex bus interface 1, with power feed to the outdoor unit (TNC connector) FB2 +DC: Flex bus interface 2, with power feed to the outdoor unit (TNC connector).In addition, the front panel has three indicator LEDs: two green ones beside the Flex bus interfaces, and one tricolor beside the power switch.

Flex bus (TNC connector)

If the power cable is already connected, verify that the Flexbus OU power supply's off (Flex bus LEDs are off). If this is not the case, turn the power supply off with Nokia Hopper Manager or turn the power off at FIU 19 (E) power switch. Connect the coaxial Flex bus cables to the Flex bus interfaces (50 TNC female).

Q1 (TQ connector or RJ-45 connector)

Connect the Q1 cables to the Q1 interfaces Q1-1 and Q1-2 (TQ connector). Two interfaces allow chaining the Q1 bus to other equipment at the equipment station.

Fig - Q1 interfaces Q1-1 and Q1-2

FIU 19 (E) contains a shunt switch which ensures that when the Q1 signal is chained, the chain does not break even if the power supply to a FIU 19 (E) unit is lost or switched off. When FIU 19 (E) is used in 1+1 protection mode and the Q1 bus is chained, connect the Q1 cables to the Q1-1 port of the indoor unit A and Q1-2 port of the indoor unit B.

Power (Molex Micro-Fit 3.0 connector)

Connect positive battery voltage (VPB) and negative battery voltage (VNB) to the power supply connector (Figure 24). The power input is of floating type. The power can be drawn from enhanced power supply adapter (EPSA), for example.

Fig - Main unit power supply interface Power cable (2.5 m) with Molex connector is included in the FIU 19 (E) package. The other end of the cable is open. When FIU 19 (E) is used in 1+1 protection mode, connect the power supply to

Local management port (BQ connector or RJ-45 connector with FIU 19E)
When managing the node locally with Nokia Hopper Manager, connect the communication cable to the local management port (BQ connector)

Fig. Local management port When FIU 19 (E) is used in 1+1 protection mode, the communication cable canbe connected to either unit (unless a fault has occurred).

MP (SMB connector)
Measurement point (SMB connector) output can be used for monitoring different signals from the FIU 19 (E) indoor unit. The signals can be selected with Nokia Hopper Manager.

LAN interface (RJ-45 connector)

A 10 Base T Ethernet connection is used when Network Element Management information (SNMP) is transported towards the network management centre via standardized Ethernet connection (10Mbit/s).

Fig - LAN interface