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Water Chemistry: 17 June 2013 PMI Revision 00 1

This document discusses water chemistry requirements for supercritical boilers. It explains that supercritical boilers operate at high pressures and temperatures, requiring materials with high strength and low creep. Water purity must be maintained to minimize corrosion. Key water parameters that must be monitored include pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, sodium, and iron levels. Two common water treatment methods - all-volatile treatment and oxygenated treatment - are outlined and their effects on corrosion and scale formation are compared. Instrumentation used to continuously monitor and control water chemistry in various parts of the system is also reviewed.

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Anil Singh
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156 views21 pages

Water Chemistry: 17 June 2013 PMI Revision 00 1

This document discusses water chemistry requirements for supercritical boilers. It explains that supercritical boilers operate at high pressures and temperatures, requiring materials with high strength and low creep. Water purity must be maintained to minimize corrosion. Key water parameters that must be monitored include pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, sodium, and iron levels. Two common water treatment methods - all-volatile treatment and oxygenated treatment - are outlined and their effects on corrosion and scale formation are compared. Instrumentation used to continuously monitor and control water chemistry in various parts of the system is also reviewed.

Uploaded by

Anil Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WATER CHEMISTRY

17 June 2013

PMI Revision 00

Presentation Outline

Qualities parameters of water requirement


Process of maintaining quality

17 June 2013

WATER QUALITY FOR SUPER CRITICAL BOILERS


1. EFFECT OF SUPER CRITICAL PARAMETRS:

IMPROVEMENT IN FUEL EFFIENCY AND HEAT RATE


DECREASE IN SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION & REDUCTION IN EMISSION THESE ARE THE DRIVING FACTORS FOR SUPER CRITICAL CYCLE

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2.CRITICAL PARAMETERS
SUPERCRITICAL BOILER

OERATE AT PRESSURE >200 BAR AND TEMPERATURE IS >600 deg.C THEREFORE THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATERIALSHOULD HAVE HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND LOW CREEP.

AT

SUPER CRITICAL CONDITION THE MEDIUM IS JUST A HOMOGENEOUS FLUID RATHER THAN WATER OR STEAM. THEREFORE USUALLY SUPERCRITICAL BOILER ARE OF ONCE THROUGH TYPE.
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3.DEFINITION OF SUPERCRITICAL CONDITION CRITICAL CONDITION IS THERMODYNAMIC


EXPRESSION DESCRIBING THE STATE OF A SUBSTANCE BEYOUND WHICH THERE IS NO CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE LIQUID AND GASEOUS PHASE.

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4.REQUIREMENT OF WATER QUALITY


THE CONTENTS OF DISSOLVED AND UNDISSOLVED SOLIDS AND OTHER MATERIAL SHOULD BE PRACTICALLY ZERO. IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN ABOVE CONDITIONS CONTINUOUS PURIFICATION OF THE RETURN CONDENSATE BY MEANS OF CPU IS MANDETORY IT EMPLOY THE USE OF ALL VOLATILE TREATMENT IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN THE LOW TDS IN WATER.

O.T. IS RECENT METHOD EMPLOYED FOR THE TREATMENT OF WATER/STEAM CYCLE

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EFFECT OF CARBONIC ACID ON CORROSION RATE

10 ppm

8 ppm

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5. MAKE UP WATER QUALITY

PARAMETERS

SAMPLE TARGET FREQUENCY VALUE -----------------------------------------------------------------1. SODIUM , PPB C <3 2. CONDUCTIVITY C S/CM 3. SILICA , PPB C OR S 4. CHLORIDE , PPB C OR S < 0.1

< 10
<3

5. SULPHATE ,PPB D <3 -----------------------------------------------------------------17 June 2013 PMI Revision 00 9

6.CONDENSATE PUMP DISCHARGE

PARAMETERS

SAMPLE TARGET FREQUENCY VALUE --------------------------------------------------------------------------1.SODIUM, PPB C <3 2.CATION CONDUCTIVITY C < 0.2 S/CM 3.OXYGEN, PPB C < 10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

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7. C.P.U OUTLET PARAMETERS SAMPLE TARGET FRQUENCY VALUE --------------------------------------------------------------------------1. SODIUM, PPB C <2 2.CAT.CONDUCTIVITY S/CM 3. SILICA, PPB 4. CHLORIDE, PPB C C OR S S < 0.1 <5 <2

5. SULPHATE, PPB S <2 (VALUE BASED ON EPRI GUIDELINES) --------------------------------------------------------------------------17 June 2013 PMI Revision 00

11

8. FEED WATER
SAMPLE AVT OT FREQUENCY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PARAMETERS

1. CATION CONDUCTIVITY S/CM 2.HYDRAZINE, PPB 3. pH

C C C

< 0.15 10-15 9.0-9.5

<0.15 ----7.0-8.5

4. DISSOLVED OXYGEN, PPB


5. TOTAL IRON, PPB 6. SILICA, PPB 7.SODUIM, PPB

C
S S S

<5
<2 <5 <2

30-150
<2 <5 <2

8.CHLORIDE, PPB S <2 <2 17 June 2013 PMI Revision 00 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12

CONTD MAGNETITE FORMATION IN ALL VOLATILE TREATMENT

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OXIDE FORMATION IN OXYGENETED CONDITION

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Cycle chemistry limit of boiler water during start up, normal operation and shutdown is shown below: 2 a-b

S ta rtu p

O p e r a t io n

1 H our

Shut D ow n > 9 .0

pH

8 .0 - 8 .5

N H 3 ppb

(A s n e e d e d )

O 2 ppb

0 0

30-150
0 .2

C a t io n C o n d u c t iv it y u s /c m

< 0 .1 5

F ig u r e 4 : S t a r t u p , o p e r a t io n & s h u t d o w n g u id a n c e f o r o x y g e n a t e d c h e m is t r y in c lu d in g p a r a m e t r ic lim it s s h o w n . D o t t e d lin e s r e p r e s e n t s o p t im u m s it u a t io n

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PROCTECTION OF THE SYSTEM IN BOILER. BUT THE RATE OF INCREASE IN PRESSURE DROP IS CONSIDERABLE DUE TO DEPOSITION OF SCALE. THIS WARRANT REGUALR CHEMICAL CLEANING. THE ALL VOLATILE TREATMENT OFFER GOOD OXYGENETED MODE OF TREATMENT OF FEED WATER RESULTED IN PRACTICALLY NO DEPOSITION OF SCALE IN BOILER SYSTEM. THEREFORE LONGER PERIOD OFOPERATION WITHOUT CLEANING.

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9. RATIONALE FOR MONITORING TARGET PARAMETERS MONITORING OF PARAMETERS ARE NECESSARY BECAUSE: (a) pH :
- CORROSION IS FUNCTION OF pH AND OXYGEN

- ALKALINE CONDITION INCREASES STABILITY OF MAGNETITE IN ALL VOLATILE TREATMENT


- IN O.T. STABILITY OF FeOOH IS IN RANGE OF pH 7-8.5

(b) SODIUM/CHLORIDE/SULPHATE:
- ARE THE MAJOR CORRODANT PRESSURE PARTS.
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FOR TURBINE AND


17

(c) DISSOLVEDOXYGEN:
- TO ENSURE THE FUNCTIONING OF DEAREATOR - TO CONTROL THE AMOUNT OFHYDRAZINE IN FEED WATER.

(d) IRON:
THE CORROSION PRODUCT IN WATER/STEAM CYCLE INDICATES THE CORROSIVE CONDITIONS

(e) SP.CONDUCTIVITY/CATION CONDUCTIVITY:


MOST IMPORTANT PARAMETER INDICATE THE LEVEL OF TREATMENT CHEMICAL AND INDICATION OF IMPURITIES.
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10. INSTRUMENTATION FOR WATER/STEAM CYCLE INSTRUMENTATION FOR CORE PARAMETERS LOCATION PARAMETERS RANGE ALARM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.MAKE UP WATER 2.CEP DISCHARGE CONDUCTIVITY SP.CONDUCTIVITY CATION CONDUCTIVITY SODIUM D.O. 0 - 1 S/CM YES YES YES YES YES 0 - 10 S/CM 0 - 1 S/CM 0 -1,0 - 100 ppb 0 - 100 ppB

3.C.P.U.(OUTLET) AS IN S.No.2 CHLORIDE 0 -10 ppb YES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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LOCATION PARAMETERS RANGE ALARM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.FEED WATER pH SILICA D.O. HYDRAZINE CAT.CONDUCTIVITY SP.CONDUCTIVITY 6 - 11 YES 0 -20 - 100ppb YES 0 -10 - 100 - 500ppb YES 0 -50 -100Pppb YES 0 -1 S/CM YES 0 -10 S/CM YES

5.BOILER DRUM (FOR DRUM TYPE)

pH SILICA SP.CONDUCTIVITY CAT.CONDUCTIVITY

6 - 11 0 -500 ppb 0 - 10 -20 S/CM 0 -1 S/CM

YES YES YES YES

SP.CONDUCTIVITY 0 - 10 S/CM YES CAT.CONDUCTIVITY 0 -1 S/CM YES SODIUM 0 -10 ppB YES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.STEAM
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THANK YOU

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