Q1 (xii) A context free grammar is ambiguous is:

(A) The grammar contains useless non-terminals.

(B) It produces more than one parse tree for some sentence.

(C) Some production has two non-terminals side by side on the right-hand side.

(D) None of the above.

Q1 (xiii) FORTRAN is a:

(A) Regular language (B) Context-free language

(C) Context-sensitive language (D) None of the above

PART B

Q10(c) Give the minimal DFA that performs as a mod-3 1's counter, i.e. outputs a 1 each time the number of 1's in the input sequence is a multiple of 3.

Q10 (d) Give regular expression over the alphabet {0,1} to denote the set of proper non-null substrings of the string 0110.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THEORY OF COMPUTATION

Q1. Choose the correct statement.

The set of all strings over an alphabet S ={0,1} with the concatenation operator for strings

a) does not form a group

b) forms a noncommutative group

c) does not have a right identity

d) forms a group if the empty string is removed from S *

Q2. Consider the set of all strings S * over an alphabet S ={a,b} with the concatenation operator for strings, and
a) the set does forms semigroup

b) the set does not form a group

c) the set has a left and right identity

d) the set forms a monoid

Q3. Consider the set of all strings S * over the alphabet S ={a,b,c,d,e} with the concatenation operator for strings.
a. the set has a right identity and forms a semigroup

b. the set has a left identity and forms a monoid

c. the set does not form a commutative group but has an identity

d. the set does not form a semigroup with identity

Q4. Nobody knows yet if P = NP. Consider the language L defined as follows:

L=()+1)* if P = NP

And

L=j otherwise

Which of the following statements is true?

a) L is recursive

b) L is recursively enumerable but not recursive

c) L is not recursively enumerable

d) Whether L is recursive or not will be known after we find out if P = NP

Q5. Consider the language defined as follows

L= {a^n b^n|n>=1} if P=NP

And
L={ww|w in (a+b)+} otherwise

Which of the following statements is true?

a) L is recursive but not context sensitive

b) L is context sensitive but not context free

c) L is context sensitive

d) What L is will be known after we resolve the P=NP question

Q6. Consider the language defined as follows

L=(0+1)* if the CSLs are closed under complement

And

L=(0*1)*0* if P=NP

And

L=(10*)1* if P is not the same as NP

Which of the following statements is true?

a) L is always a regular set

b) L does not exist

c) L is recursive but not a regular set

d) What L is will be known after the two open problems P = NP and the closure of CSLs under complement are resolved

Q7. Consider the language defined as follows

L=(0+1)* if man goes to Mars by 2020AD

And

L=0* if man never goes to the Mars

Which of the following is true?

a. L is context free language but not recursive

b. L is recursive

c. Whether L is recursive or not will be known in 2020AD

d. L is a r.e. set that is not regular

Q8. Given an arbitrary context free grammar G, we define L as below.

L=(0+1)* if G is ambiguous

And

L=j if G is not ambiguous

a. L is a context-free language

b. L is recursive but not r.e.

c. What L is depends on whether we can determine if G is ambiguous or not

d. What L is is undecidable

Q9. Given an arbitrary turing machine M and a string w we define L as below.

L=(0*1)*0* if M halts on w

And

L=(0*1*)* if M does not halt on w

a. The type of L is undecidable because of the halting problem

b. L is a context-sensitive language
c. L is recursively enumerable and not context-free

d. L is context sensitive and not regular

Q10. Consider the language L defined below

L=(0+1)* if P=NP

And

L=(a^nb^n|n>=1} otherwise

a. Whether L is a regular set that is not context-free will be known after we resolve the P=NP question.

b. Whether L is context-free but not regular will be known after we resolve the P=NP question

c. L is context-sensitive

d. L is not recursive

Q11. It is undecidable if two cfls L1 and L2 are equivalent. Consider two cfls L1 and L2 and a language defined as follows

L={a^nb^nc^n|n>=234} if L1=L2

And

L={a^nb^nc^nd^n|n>=678} otherwise

a. L is recursive

b. L is context-free

c. We can never say anything about L as it is undecidable

d. L is regular

Q12. At present it is not known if NP is closed under complementation.

Consider L defined as below

L={w wR w| w in (0+1+2)* and wR is the reverse of w} if NP is closed under complement

And

L = {a^nb^nc^nd^ne^n|n>=34567} otherwise

a) L is recursive

b) L is context-free and not context-sensitive

c) L is recursively enumerable but not recursive

d) We will be able to say something about L only after we resolve the NP complementation issue

Q14. Nobody knows if P=NP at present. Consider a language L as defined below

L=(0+1)* if satisfiability is in P

L=(0*1)0* if satisfiability is not in P

L=(1*0)1* if 3-sat is in P

L=(0*1*)* if 3-sat is not in P

L=(0*1*0*1*)* if 0/1 knapsack problem is in P

L=(1*0*1*0*)* if 0/1 knapsack problem is not in P

L=(0*(00)*(1*11*)*) * if max-clique problem is in P

L=(0*(00)*(1*11*)*) * if node-cover problem is not in P

L=(0*1*)****(010)* if edge-cover problem is not in P

L=(0* + 1* + (00)* + (11)*)*(0100101010)* if the chromatic problem is not in P

What can we say about the string 0000111100001111=x

a) x is always in L

b) whether x is in L or not will be known after we resolve P=NP

c) the definition of L is contradictory

d) x can never be in L

Q15. An arbitrary turing machine M will be given to you and we define a language L as follows

L=(0+00)* if M accepts at least one string

L=(0+00+000)* if M accepts at least two strings

L=(0+00+000+0000)* if M accepts at least three strings

---------

---------

L=(0+00+000+---+0^n) *if M accepts at least n-1 strings

Choose the correct statement.

a) We cannot say anything about L as the question of whether a turing machine accepts a string is undecidable

b) L is context-sensitive but not regular

c) L is context-free but not regular

d) L is not a finite set

Q16. We are given two context-free languages L1 and L2 and L defined as below

a) L=(0+1)* if L1=L2

b) L=((0+00+000)*(1+11+111)*)* if L1 is contained in L2

c) L=((0(10)*)*(1(01)*)* if L2 is contained in L1

d) L=(00+11+0+1)*(0+00+000)* if L1 and L2 are incomparable

a) As all the conditions relating to L1 and L2 are undecidable we cannot say anything about L

b) L is recursively enumerable

c) L is recursive but not context-sensitive

d) L is context-sensitive but not context-free

e) L is context-free but not regular

Q17. It is undecidable if an arbitrary cfl is inherently ambiguous. We are given a cfg G and the language L is defined as below

L= (0+1)*01(0+1)* U 1*0* if L(G) is inherently ambiguous

L=(0+1)*10(0+1)* U 0*1* if L(G) is not inherently ambiguous

Choose the incorrect statement

a) L is regular

b) L iscontext-free

c) L is context-sensitive

d) The above choices can be resolved only if we know if L(G) is inherently ambiguous or not

Q18. We are given an arbitrary turing machine M and define the language L as below

L=(0*+1*)* if M halts on blank tape

L=(0+1*)* if M ever prints a 1

L=(0*+1)* if M ever enters a designated state q

L=((0+1+00+11+000+111)+)* if M accepts an infinite set

L=0*(10*)* if M accepts a finite set

L=1*(01*)* if M accepts exactly 45 strings

Choose the correct statement with reference to the string x=00000111111000000111111

a) x is in L

b) x is not in L

c) we can never decide if x is in L as all the problems of the turing machine are undecidable

d) whether x is in L depends on the particular turing machine M

Q19. We are given a language L defined as follows

L=(0+1)* if the Hamiltonian circuit problem is in P

L=(0*1*+0)* if the Traveling salesman problem is not in P

L=(0*1*1)*0* if the bin packing problem is in P

a) the definition of L is contradictory

b) What L is will be known after we resolve the P=NP question

c) L if a finite set

d) The string 01010101001010110010101 is in L

Q20. The intersection of two cfls can simulate a turing machine computation. We are given two cfls L1 and L2 and define the language L as below

a) L=(00)* if the intersection of L1 and L2 is empty

b) L=((0(00)*)(0(00)*))* if L1 is regular

c) L=(00+0000+000000)* if L2 is not regular

d) L=(00)*+(0000)* if the complement of L1 is a cfl

a) L is a finite set

b) L is a regular set

c) L is undecidable

d) L is recursive but not context-free

Q21. Nobody knows at present if P=NP.

Consider the definition of L below

L=(a^ib^jc^k|i>j>k} if the sum of subsets problem is in P

L=(a^ib^jc^k|i,j,k all unequal} if P is not the same as NP

a. L is regular and not finite

b. We can tell the type of L after resolving the P=NP question

c. L is recursive and not context-free

d. L is context-free and not context-sensitive

Q22. The regular expression 0*(10*)* denotes the same set as

a. (0*1)0* b. 0 + (0 +10)* c.*0+1)*10(0+1)* d. none of the above

Q23. The regular expression 0*(10*)* denotes the same set as

a. (1*0)1* b. 0 + (0 +10)* c.*0+1)*10(0+1)* d. none of the above

[GATE 2003]

Q22. The regular expression 0*(10*)* denotes the same set as

a. (0*1)1* b. 0 + (0 +10)* c.*0+1)*10(0+1)*+0*1* d. none of the above

Q23. The regular expression (0+10)* denotes

a. the set of all strings not containing two consecutive 0’s

b. the set of all strings containing two consecutive 0’s

c. the set of all strings with an even number of 0’s

d. none of the above

Q24. The regular expression (e +0+00)(1+10+100)* denotes

a. the set of all strings not containing three consecutive 0’s

b. the set of all strings containing three consecutive 0’s

c. the set of all strings with an odd number of 0’s

d. none of the above

Q25. The regular expression (00+11+(01+10)(00+11)*(01+10))* denotes

a. the set of all strings with an even number of 0s and an even number 0’s and an even number of 1’s

b. the set of all strings over {0,1}

c. the set of all strings with the 0’s and 1’s alternating

d. none of the above

Q26. If the strings of a language L can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

[GATE 2003]

Q27. If the strings of a language L that is accepted by a turing machine can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q28. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a multidimensional turing machine M can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the
following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q29. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a 3 pebble machine M can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following statements is
true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q30. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a multitrack turing machine M can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following
statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q31. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a nondeterminisitic, 56 pushdown tape machine M, can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which
of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite
b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q32. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a nondeterministic 987 counter machine M, can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the
following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q33. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a turing machine with 2-way infinite tape, can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the
following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q34. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a 4567 headed nondeterministic turing machine,can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of
the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q35. If the strings of a language L accepted by a turing machine, which has 1000 two way infinite tapes, 1000 symbols in the tape alphabet, 2000 input symbols, l345 dimensional tapes,
34567 heads, optional 345 pushdown tapes, can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q36. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a machine which can keep 400 pebbles anywhere on its infinite input tape, but has no tape symbols, can be effectively
enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q37. If the strings of a language L that are accepted by a turing machine, with a whose tape alphabet is a singleton set, can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic)
order, which of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q38. If the strings of a language L={<M>|encoding of turing machine M}, can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following statements is
true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q39. If the strings of a language L ={<M>|encoding of 45678 push down tape machines} can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following
statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q40. If the strings of a language L={<M>| M is an encoding of turing machines, pushdown automata, linear bounded automata, finite automata}, can be effectively enumerated in
lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic) order, which of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

THEORY OF COMPUTATION

Q41. If the strings of a language L ={<M>| M is an encoding of turing machines that have more than 34567890 states}, can be effectively enumerated in lexicographic (i.e. alphabetic)
order, which of the following statements is true?

a) L is necessarily finite

b) L is regular but not necessarily finite

c) L is context free but not necessarily regular

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context free

Q42. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aSb|SS|e

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q43. Let G=({S},{a,b,c},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aSa|bSb|c.

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q44. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aSb|SSSSSSSSSSS|e

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q45. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aSb|aaSbb|SS|e
Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q46. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aaSbb|SS|e

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q47. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aaaSbbb|SS|e

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q48. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà abSba|SS|e

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q49. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aaabaaaSbbbabbb|SS|e

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) There exist a deterministic push down automaton that accepts L(G)

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q50. Choose the correct statement for the language L={a^nb^n|n>=0}

a) L is inherently ambiguous

b) L is deterministic context-free

c) L is regular

d) There exists a deterministic two way finite automata accepting L

Q51. Choose the correct statement for the language L={a^100nb^100n|n>=0}

a) L is inherently ambiguous

b) L is deterministic context-free

c) L is regular
d) There exists a deterministic two way finite automata accepting L

Q52. Choose the correct statement for the language L={(aaabaaa)^1000n(bbbbbbb)^34567n|n>=0}

a) L is inherently ambiguous

b) L is deterministic context-free

c) L is regular

d) There exists a deterministic two way finite automata accepting L

Q53. Choose the correct statement for the language L={"("^n " )" ^n|n>=0}

a) L is inherently ambiguous

b) L is deterministic context-free

c) L is regular

d) There exists a deterministic two way finite automata accepting L

Q54. Choose the correct statement for the language L={(begin)^n(end)^n|n>=0}

a) L is inherently ambiguous

b) L is deterministic context-free

c) L is regular

d) There exists a deterministic two way finite automata accepting L

Q55. Let G=({S},{a,b},R,S) be a context-free grammar where the rule set is

Sà aSb|SS|e

Which of the following statements is true?

a) G is not ambiguous

b) There exist x and y in L(G) such that xy is not in L(G)

c) L(G) is the set of all strings of balanced parenthesis with a as the opening parenthesis and b as the closing parenthesis.

d) We can find a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts L(G)

Q56. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P and L2 finite

b) L1e NP and L2e P

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is recursive

Q57. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P and L2 finite

b) L1e NP and L2e P-SPACE

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is context-sensitive

Q58. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P and L2 regular

b) L1e NP and L2e P

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is context-sensitive and L2 is recursive

Q59. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P-SPACE and L2 e DSPACE(n^1000)

b) L1e NP and L2e DTIME(2^1000n)

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is accepted by a 2PDA

Q60. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P and L2 is accepted by a 2NFA

b) L1e NP and L2is accepted by a linear bounded automata

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is accepted by a turing machine that halts on all inputs

Q61. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P and L2 is accepted by a deterministic push down automata

b) L1e NP and L2e P

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is accepted by a deterministic linear bounded automata

Q62. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P-SPACE and L2 is in NSPACE(2^2^2^2^n)

b) L1e NP and L2e P

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is finite

Q63. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 is finite and L2 is context-free

b) L1e NP and L2e NP

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is recursive

Q64. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e P and L2 finite

b) L1e NP and L2e P

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is recursive

Q65. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.
Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 e context-free and L2 regular but not finite

b) L1e NP and L2 is accepted by a deterministic turing machine

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is recursive but not context-sensitive

Q66. Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet S . Let f: S ->S be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (Ñ x)[xe L2]. Further, let f^-1 be also polynomial time
computable.

Which of the following CANNOT be true?

a) L1 is finite but not necessarily regular and L2 is context-free but not necessarily context-sensitive

b) L1e NP and L2e P

c) L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

d) L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is recursive but not necessarily context-sensitive

Q67. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M halts on w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M does not halt on w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component w, is a string and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q68. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,0>|M halts}

L1={<M,1>| M does not halt }

Here <M,I> is a pair whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine starting with blank tape, second component is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q69. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M halts on w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M does not halt on w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a 1200 push down tape machine , second component w, is a string representing the input, and third component I is
a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q70. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,0>|M accepts at least two strings}

L1={<M,1>| M does not accept at least two strings}

Here <M,I> is a pair, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q71. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,0>|M accepts an infinite set}

L1={<M,1>| M does not accept an infinite set}

Here <M,I> is a pair, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q72. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M halts on w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M does not halt on w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a three counter machine machine , second component w is a triplet giving the initial position of the pebbles, is a
string and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q73. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<P,w,0>|P halts on w}

L1={<P,w,1>| P does not halt on w}

Here <P,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, P is an encoding of a C++ program, second component w, is a string and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q74. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<Q,w,0>|Q halts on w}

L1={<Q,w,1>| Q does not halt on w}

Here <Q,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, Q is an encoding of a java program, second component w, is a string and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q75. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M halts on w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M does not halt on w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a multidimentsional, multiheaded, multitape turing machine , second component w, is a string and third
component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q76. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M halts on w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M does not halt on w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a nondeterministic 789 pushdown tape machine , second component w, is a string and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q77. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M accepts on w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M does not accept w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component w, is a string and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q78. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<P,w,0>|P halts on input w}

L1={<P,w,1>| P loops on input w}

Here <P,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, P is an encoding of a C program, second component w, is a string and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q79. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,M1,0>|M is equivalent to M1}

L1={<M,M1,1>| M is not equivalent to M1}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component M1 is the encoding of a turing machine, and third component I is a bit.
Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q80. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,M1,0>|M accepts a subset of what is accepted by M1}

L1={<M,M1,1>| M does not accept a subset of what is accepted by M1}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component M1 is the encoding of a turing machine, and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

Q81. Let L be a language accepted by some nondeterministic multitape turing machine and L1 its complement also accepted by a two pushdown tape machine then choose the correct
statement

a) L is recursively enumerable but not necessarily recursive

b) L is recursive but L1 is not necessarily recursive

c) Both L and L1 are recursively enumerable but not necessarily recrsive

d) Both L and L1 are recursive

Q82. Let L be a language accepted by some nondeterministic multitape turing machine and L1 its complement also accepted by a nondeterministic two pushdown tape machine then
choose the correct statement

a) L is recursively enumerable but not necessarily recursive

b) L is recursive but L1 is not necessarily recursive

c) Both L and L1 are recursively enumerable but not necessarily recursive

d) Both L and L1 are recursive

Q83. Choose the correct statement

a) there exists a universal turing machine which can simulate any turing machine M on its input w

b) there does not exist a universal turing machine which can simulate any turing machine on its input w

c) the set Ld={<Mi,wi>| the encoding Mi of the ith turing machine does not accept the input wi, in an enumeration of turing machines and input strings} is recursively enumerable

d) the universal language is recursive

Q84. The printing problem of turing machines is whether a turing machine ever prints a 1 on its tape. Ram takes the set L={<M,w>| encoding of turing machine M that does not accept
w} which is known to be undecidable. He modifies M such that in an accepting state no moves are made. Shyam further modifes M to M1 so that in an accepting state it prints a 1 and
then halts. Choose the correct statement.

a) We can conclude that M1 prints a 1 and halts only if M accepts w, and thus the printing problem reduces to the problem of L being recursive

b) We cannot conclude that the printing problem is undecidable

c) We can conclude that the printing problem is recursive but not necessarily recursively enumerable

d) None of the above.

Q85. The state problem of turing machines is whether a turing machine ever enters a state q. Ram takes the set L={<M,w>| encoding of turing machine M that does not accept w} which
is known to be undecidable. He modifies M such that in an accepting state no moves are made. Shyam further modifes M to M1 so that in an accepting state it moves to state q and then
halts. Choose the correct statement.

a) We can conclude that M1 halts only if M accepts w, and thus the state problem reduces to the problem of L being recursive

b) We cannot conclude that the printing problem is undecidable

c) We can conclude that the printing problem is recursive but not necessarily recursively enumerable

d) None of the above.

Q86. The printing problem of turing machines is whether a turing machine ever prints a 111 on its tape. Ram takes the set L={<M,w>| encoding of turing machine M that does not
accept w} which is known to be undecidable. He modifies M such that in an accepting state no moves are made. Shyam further modifes M to M1 so that in an accepting state it prints a
111 and then halts. Choose the correct statement.

a) We can conclude that M1 prints a 111 and halts only if M accepts w, and thus the printing problem reduces to the problem of L being recursive

b) We cannot conclude that the printing problem is undecidable

c) We can conclude that the printing problem is recursive but not necessarily recursively enumerable

d) None of the above.

Q87. The blank tape halting of turing machines is whether a turing machine started on blank tape halts. Ram takes the set L={<M,w>| encoding of turing machine M that does not accept
w} which is known to be undecidable. He modifies M such that in an accepting state no moves are made. Shyam further modifes M to M1 so that it starts with a blank tape and first
prints w on the tape and behaves just like M. Choose the correct statement.

a) We can conclude that M1 halts only if M accepts w, and thus the printing problem reduces to the problem of L being recursive

b) We cannot conclude that the printing problem is undecidable

c) We can conclude that the printing problem is recursive but not necessarily recursively enumerable

d) None of the above.

Q88. The aim of the following questionis to prove that the language {M| M is the code of a turing machine which, irrespective of the input, halts and outputs a 1, is undecidable. This is
to be done by reducing from the language {M’,x|M’ halts on x}, which is known to be undecidable.

Ram proceeds as follows. He takes the turing machine M and modifies it so that it makes no moves in its final state and then it prints a 1 in the final state and halts. Shyam further
modifies this M so that it initially takes an arbitrary turing machine M’ and its input x, and if M’ accepts and halts on x then M will start its operation otherwise not. This he achieves by
having M enumerate turing machines and strings till the encoding for M’ and x are obtained.

Choose the correct statement

a) the modified M will accept all strings and print a 1 provided M halts on w, but we have a decision problem for M’ then we can resolve whether M halts on w

b) M’ is always recursive and the modified M accepts a recursive language

c) The above argument shows that M’ is recursively enumerable

d) The above argument shows that M’ is recursive but not necessarily context sensitive

Q89. The emptiness problem for r.e. sets is whether for any r.e. set L we can decide if L=j . As L is a subset of {a} we conclude that

a) L does not satisfy the containment property so L cannot be r.e.

b) L is a regular set as {a} is regular

c) L is recursive always

d) L is recursively enumerable

Q90. The completeness problem for r.e. sets is whether for any r.e. set L we can decide if L=S *.

a) as no finite subset of L can be the same as L we conclude that the set L is not r.e.

b) L is r.e. as L is regular

c) L is recursively enumerable as we only require a turing machine that halts on all inputs

d) L is recursive but not necessarily context-free

Q91. The regularity problem for r.e. sets is whether for any r.e. set L, is L regular?

a) the regularity problem is decidable

b) as the regular sets are contained in the context-free languages if the regularity problem is decidable then by the containment property every cfl must be regular

c) every r.e. set is trivially seen to be regular as every turing machine has a finite control

d) as every regular set is contained in the set of all strings, the latter must be in L by the containment property and that is known to be undecidable.

Q92. The context-freeness problem for r.e. sets is whether for any r.e. set L, is L context-free?

a) the context-freeness problem is decidable

b) as the regular sets are contained in the context-free languages if the regularity problem is decidable then by the containment property every cfl must be regular

c) every r.e. set is trivially seen to be context-free as every turing machine has a finite control

d) as every context-free language is contained in the set of all strings, the latter must be in L by the containment property and that is known to be undecidable.

Q93. The recusiveness problem for r.e. sets is whether for any r.e. set L, is L recursiver?

a) the recusiveness problem is decidable

b) as the regular sets are contained in the recursisve if the regularity problem is decidable then by the containment property every recursive set must be r.e.

c) every recursive set is trivially seen to be regular as every turing machine has a finite control

d) as every recursive set is contained in the set of all strings, the latter must be in L by the containment property and that is known to be undecidable.
Q94. Let L0={<M,0>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that accepts the empty set}

And L1={<M,1>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that does not accept the empty set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q95. Let L0={<M,0>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that accepts an infinite ty set}

And L1={<M,1>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that does not accept an infinite set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q96. Let L0={<M,0>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that accepts a singleton set}

And L1={<M,1>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that does not accept a singleton set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q97. Let L0={<M,M’,0>|M,M’ are the encodings of turing machines that accept the empty set}

And L1={<M,M’,1>|M,M’ are the encodings of a turing machines that either one or both do not accept the empty set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct
statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q98. Let L0={<M,0>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that accepts a cfl}

And L1={<M,1>|M is the encoding of a turing machine that does not accept a cfl}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q99. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs that generate the same set}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs that either one or both do not generate the same set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q100. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of regular grammars that generate the same set}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of regular grammars that either one or both do not generate the same set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct
statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q101. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs that generate infinte languages}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs that either one or both do not generate infinite sets}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q102. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of csgs that generate the same set}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of csgs that either one or both do generate the same set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q103. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of unrestricted grammars that generate the same set}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of unrestricted grammars that either one or both do generate the same set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct
statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q104. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of linear bounded automata that generate the same set}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of linear bounded automata that either one or both do generate the same set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the
correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q105. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of unrestricted grammars such that they generate L and LR respectively with L=LR}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of unrestricted grammars that generate languages L and LR with L not the same as LR respectively}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the
complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q106. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of C programs that produce the same output for all inputs}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of C programs that do not produce the same output for all inputs}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct
statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q107. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of C programs that produce some output for all inputs}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of C programs that do not produce some output for all inputs}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q108. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of C programs that loop on some input}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of C programs that do not loop on some input}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q109. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs where the intersection of the langugaes generated is a cfl}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs where the intersection of the languages generated is not a cfl}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct
statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q110. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs that generate regular sets}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfs that both or either does not generate a regular set}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q111. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs such that L(G’) is contained in L(G)}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs sucht that L(G’) is not contained in L(G)}. Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q112. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfgs which generate languages whose complement is also a cfl}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of C programs that generate languages whose complement is not both a cfl}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the
correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q113. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of ambiguous cfgs}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of unambiguous cfgs}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q114. Let L0={<G,G’,0>|G,G’ are the encodings of inherently ambiguous cflss}

And L1={<G,G’,1>|G,G’ are the encodings of cfls that are not inherently ambiguous}.Let L=L0UL1. Let L’ be the complement of L. Choose the correct statement

a)L is recursively enumerable but not recursive and L’ is recursive

b) L is recursive and L’ is recursively enumerable

c) L is not recursively enumerable and L’ is recursive

d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q115. Choose the false statement

a) PCP over a one symbol alphabet is decidable

b) It is undecidable if a csl is a cfl

c) It is undecidable if a turing machine accepts at least 10 inputs

d) It is undecidable if two regular grammars generate the same set

Q116. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,M1,0>|M is equivalent to M1}

L1={<M,M1,1>| M is not equivalent to M1}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component M1 is the encoding of a nondeterministic linear bounded automaton, and
third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q117. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,M1,0>|M is equivalent to M1}

L1={<M,M1,1>| M is not equivalent to M1}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a turing machine , second component M1 is the encoding of a 100 tape nondeterministic turing machine that halts
on all inputs, and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d) Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q118. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M in the course of its computation visits state w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M does not halt visit state w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a nondeterministic 789 pushdown tape machine , second component w, is a state and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d)Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

Q119. Define languages L0 and L1 as follows:

L0={<M,w,0>|M prints symbol w}

L1={<M,w,1>| M never prints symbol w}

Here <M,w,I> is a triplet, whose first component, M is an encoding of a nondeterministic 789 pushdown tape machine , second component w, is a symbol and third component I is a bit.

Let L=L0 U L1. Which of the following is true?

(a) L is recursively enumerable but L’ is not

(b) L’ is recursively enumerable but L is not

(c) Both L and L’ are recursive

(d)Neither L nor L’ is recursively enumerable

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