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Date Functions in SQL

This document provides examples and explanations of various Oracle date functions. It demonstrates how to use functions like SYSDATE, ADD_MONTHS, TRUNC, ROUND, and NEXT_DAY to manipulate dates. It also shows formatting dates using TO_CHAR and how to perform calculations on dates like finding the number of months or seconds between two dates.

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Seshu Venkat
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377 views10 pages

Date Functions in SQL

This document provides examples and explanations of various Oracle date functions. It demonstrates how to use functions like SYSDATE, ADD_MONTHS, TRUNC, ROUND, and NEXT_DAY to manipulate dates. It also shows formatting dates using TO_CHAR and how to perform calculations on dates like finding the number of months or seconds between two dates.

Uploaded by

Seshu Venkat
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oracle Date Functions Version 11.

ent Date

RENT_DATE DATE ECT TO_CHAR(CURRENT_DATE, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') FROM dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') FROM dual; Day Month Year Fill Mode Julian Date D MM YY FM J DD MON YYYY

mats

DDTH RR

DAY RRRR

ND + -

te> + <integer> ECT SYSDATE + 1 FROM dual;

te> - <integer> ECT SYSDATE - 1 FROM dual;

D_MONTHS

A Month To A Date

_MONTHS(<date>, <number of months_integer>

ECT add_months(SYSDATE, 2) FROM dual;

but be aware of what it is doing ECT add_months(TO_DATE('27-JAN-2007'), 1) FROM dual;

ECT add_months(TO_DATE('28-JAN-2007'), 1) FROM dual;

ECT add_months(TO_DATE('29-JAN-2007'), 1) FROM dual;

ECT add_months(TO_DATE('30-JAN-2007'), 1) FROM dual;

ECT add_months(TO_DATE('31-JAN-2007'), 1) FROM dual;

ECT add_months(TO_DATE('01-FEB-2007'), 1) FROM dual;

RRENT_DATE

rns the current date in the session time zone, in a value in the Gregorian calendar of datatype DATE

sessiontimezone format a30

ECT sessiontimezone, current_date M dual;

ER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:0';

ECT sessiontimezone, current_date M dual;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

ECT sessiontimezone, current_date M dual;

ER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-7:0';

ECT sessiontimezone, current_date M dual;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY';

MP

rns a VARCHAR2 value containing the datatype code, length in bytes, and internal representation of a value

P(<value> [,<return_format>[,<start_position>[,<length>]]])
8 10

mal

16 17 1008 notation with the character set name 1010 1016 1017

decimal

le Characters

mal notation with the character set name

decimal notation with the character set name

e characters with the character set name

drows format a40

ECT DUMP(SYSDATE) DROWS FROM dual;

ECT DUMP(SYSDATE, 8) DROWS FROM dual;

ECT DUMP(SYSDATE, 16) DROWS FROM dual;

EATEST

rn the Latest Date

ST(<date>, <date>, <date>, ...) ATE TABLE t ( ecol1 DATE, ecol2 DATE, ecol3 DATE) FREE 0;

ERT INTO t VALUES (SYSDATE+23, SYSDATE-10, SYSDATE-24); ERT INTO t VALUES (SYSDATE-15, SYSDATE, SYSDATE+15); ERT INTO t VALUES (SYSDATE-7, SYSDATE-18, SYSDATE-9); MIT;

ECT * FROM t;

ECT GREATEST(datecol1, datecol2, datecol3) M t;

ERVAL

val to adjust date-time

ERVAL '<integer>' <unit> ECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH:MI:SS') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE + INTERVAL '10' MINUTE, 'HH:MI:SS') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE - INTERVAL '10' MINUTE, 'HH:MI:SS') M dual;

ST_DAY

rns The Last Date Of A Month

T_DAY(<date>) ECT * FROM t;

ECT LAST_DAY(datecol1) FROM t;

AST

rn the Earliest Date

ST(<date>, <date>, <date>, ...) ECT * FROM t;

ECT LEAST(datecol1, datecol2, datecol3) FROM t;

NGTH

rns length in characters

GTH(<date>) ECT LENGTH(last_ddl_time) FROM user_objects;

NGTHB

rns length in bytes

GTHB(<date>) ECT LENGTHB(last_ddl_time) FROM user_objects;

e: Additional forms of LENGTH (LENGTHC, LENGTH2, and LENGTH4) are also available.

rn the Latest Date

(<date>) ECT * FROM t;

ECT MAX(datecol1) FROM t;

rn the Earliest Date

(<date>) ECT * FROM t;

ECT MIN(datecol1) FROM t;

NTHS_BETWEEN

rns The Months Separating Two Dates

THS_BETWEEN(<latest_date>, <earliest_date>) ECT MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE+365, SYSDATE-365) FROM dual;

ECT MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE-365, SYSDATE+365) FROM dual;

W_TIME

rns the date and time in time zone zone2 when date and time in time zone zone1 are date

ore using this function, you must set the NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter to display 24-hour

e. ECT NEW_TIME(TO_DATE('11-10-99 01:23:45', -DD-YY HH24:MI:SS'), 'AST', 'PST') "New Date and Time" M dual;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

ECT NEW_TIME(TO_DATE('11-10-99 01:23:45', -DD-YY HH24:MI:SS'), 'AST', 'PST') "New Date and Time" M dual;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY';


of next specified date following a date

XT_DAY

T_DAY(<date>, <day of the week>)

ions are SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, and SAT ECT NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 'FRI') FROM dual;

UND

rns date rounded to the unit specified by the format model. If you omit the format, the date is rounded to the nearest day

ND(<date_value>, <format>) ECT ROUND(TO_DATE('27-OCT-00'),'YEAR') NEW_YEAR M dual;

lled Out Using TO_CHAR

led Demo

DDSP HH24SP MISP MMSP SSSP ECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('10:30:18', 'HH24:MI:SS'), 'HH24SP:MISP:SSSP') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('01-JAN-2008', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 'DDSP-MONTH-YYYYSP') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('01-JAN-2008', 'DD-MM-YYYY'), 'DDSP-MMSP-YYYYSP') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(sal,'J'), 'JSP') M emp;

SDATE

rns the current date and time set for the operating system on which the database resides

DATE ECT SYSDATE FROM dual;

UNC

vert a date to the date at midnight

NC(<date_time>) ATE TABLE t ( ecol DATE);

ERT INTO t (datecol) VALUES (SYSDATE);

ERT INTO t (datecol) VALUES (TRUNC(SYSDATE));

ERT INTO t (datecol) VALUES (TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'HH'));

ERT INTO t (datecol) VALUES (TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MI'));

MIT;

ECT TO_CHAR(datecol, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') M t;

ctively remove part of the date information

cial thanks to Dave Hayes for reminding me of this.

NC(<date_time>, '<format>') ECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') M dual;

first day of the month ECT TO_CHAR(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MM'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MON'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MONTH'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') M dual;

first day of the year ECT TO_CHAR(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'YYYY'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') M dual;

ECT TO_CHAR(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'YEAR'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') M dual;

s in WHERE Clause Joins

ECT SYSDATE FROM dual;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

ECT SYSDATE FROM dual;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY';

ATE TABLE t ( ecol DATE);

ERT INTO t tecol) UES SDATE);

ECT * FROM t;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

ECT * FROM t;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY';

ECT * FROM t;

ECT SYSDATE FROM dual;

ECT * FROM t RE datecol = SYSDATE;

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

ECT * FROM t;

ECT SYSDATE FROM dual;

ECT TRUNC(SYSDATE) FROM dual;

ECT * FROM t RE TRUNC(datecol) = TRUNC(SYSDATE);

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY';

ZE

rns The Number Of Bytes Required By A Value

ZE(e IN DATE) RETURN NUMBER ECT VSIZE(SYSDATE) FROM dual;

e Calculations

rns A Day A Specified Number Of Days In The Future Skipping Weekends

ATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION business_date (start_date DATE, s2Add NUMBER) RETURN DATE IS

unter NATURAL := 0; rDate DATE := start_date; yNum POSITIVE; ipCntr NATURAL := 0; IN HILE Counter < Days2Add LOOP CurDate := CurDate+1; DayNum := TO_CHAR(CurDate, 'D');

IF DayNum BETWEEN 2 AND 6 THEN Counter := Counter + 1; ELSE SkipCntr := SkipCntr + 1; END IF; ND LOOP; ETURN start_date + Counter + SkipCntr; business_date;

ness Date function, above, enhanced by Larry Benton to handle negative values for the days2add parameter.

ATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION business_date (start_date DATE, s2add NUMBER) RETURN DATE IS unter NATURAL := 0; rDate DATE := start_date; yNum POSITIVE; ipCntr NATURAL := 0; rection INTEGER := 1; -- days after start_date sinessDays NUMBER := Days2Add; IN F Days2Add < 0 THEN Direction := - 1; -- days before start_date BusinessDays := (-1) * BusinessDays; ND IF;

HILE Counter < BusinessDays LOOP CurDate := CurDate + Direction; DayNum := TO_CHAR( CurDate, 'D');

IF DayNum BETWEEN 2 AND 6 THEN Counter := Counter + 1; ELSE SkipCntr := SkipCntr + 1; END IF; ND LOOP;

ETURN start_date + (Direction * (Counter + SkipCntr)); business_date;

rns The First Day Of A Month

ATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fday_ofmonth(value_in DATE)

URN DATE IS o VARCHAR2(2); r VARCHAR2(4); IN Mo := TO_CHAR(value_in, 'MM'); Yr := TO_CHAR(value_in, 'YYYY'); ETURN TO_DATE(vMo || '-01-' || vYr, 'MM-DD-YYYY'); EPTION HEN OTHERS THEN RETURN TO_DATE('01-01-1900', 'MM-DD-YYYY'); fday_ofmonth;

e Calculations

rns The Number Of Seconds Between Two Date-Time Values

ATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION time_diff ( E_1 IN DATE, DATE_2 IN DATE) RETURN NUMBER IS NUMBER; NUMBER; NUMBER(5,0); NUMBER(5,0);

TE_1 TE_2 COND_1 COND_2

IN - Get Julian date number from first date (DATE_1) DATE_1 := TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(DATE_1, 'J'));

- Get Julian date number from second date (DATE_2) DATE_2 := TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(DATE_2, 'J'));

- Get seconds since midnight from first date (DATE_1) SECOND_1 := TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(DATE_1, 'SSSSS'));

- Get seconds since midnight from second date (DATE_2) SECOND_2 := TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(DATE_2, 'SSSSS'));

ETURN (((NDATE_2 - NDATE_1) * 86400)+(NSECOND_2 - NSECOND_1)); time_diff;

ulating time from seconds

ed by John K. Hinsdale 0/06 to c.d.o.misc

ECT DECODE(FLOOR(999999/86400), 0, '', FLOOR(999999/86400) || ' day(s), ') || TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(MOD(999999, 86400),'SSSSS'), 'HH24:MI:SS') AS elapsed M dual;

in counts per ten minute increment

ed by Michele Cadot

9/08 to c.d.o.misc

ER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

ECT TRUNC(SYSDATE) + dbms_random.value(0,86400)/86400 M dual NECT BY LEVEL <= 10;

H data AS ( ELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE)+dbms_random.value(0,86400)/86400 h ROM dual ONNECT BY LEVEL <= 10) ECT TO_CHAR(h,'DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') h, TO_CHAR(TRUNC(h) TRUNC(TO_CHAR(h,'SSSSS')/600)/144, 'DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "10m" M data ER BY h;

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