SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION M.TECH.

- SIGNAL PROCESSING II SEMESTER Teaching hours/week Course Code Subject Code Name of the Subject Lecture
Digital Signal Compression Modern Digital Signal Processing Modern Spectral Analysis & Estimation Real Time Digital Signal Processors Elective-II (10LSP25x) Mini-Projects 4 4 4 4 4 --

Practical
2 2 3

Tutorial
2 2 2 -

Duration of Exam in Hours

Marks for I.A.

Exam
100 100 100 100 100 --

Total Marks

10LSP21 10LSP22 10LSP23 10LSP24 10LSP25 10LSP26

10EC030 10EC123 10EC093 10EC069 10ECxxx 10EC921

150 150 150 150 150 50

50# 50* 50# 50$

Project Phase I (6 week Duration) should start between II Semester and III Semester, after availing a vacation of 2 weeks. This will be evaluated during III semester. Total
* #

20

07

06

15

300

500

800

Practical will be evaluated 25 marks and internal assesment for 25 marks. Lab journals should be maintained. Assignments/seminar will be evaluated for 25 marks and internal assesment for 25 marks. Record of Assignments/seminar should be maintained. $ Mini projet should be done individually and is assessed for 25 marks. Seminar on Miniproject will be assessed for 25 marks ELECTIVE II
10LSP251 10LSP252 10EC028 10EC086 Detection & Estimation Wireless Communication 10LSP253 10EC048 Medical Imaging

II SEMESTER DIGITAL SIGNAL COMPRESSION Subject Code No. of Lecture Hours /week Total no. of Lecture Hours : 10EC030 : 04 : 52 IA Marks Exam Hours Exam Marks : 50 : 03 : 100

Introduction: Compression techniques, Modeling & coding, Distortion criteria, Differential Entropy, Rate Distortion Theory, Vector Spaces, Information theory, Models for sources, Coding uniquely decodable codes, Prefix codes, Kraft McMillan Inequality Quantization: Quantization problem, Uniform Quantizer, Adaptive Quantization, Non-uniform Quantization; Entropy coded Quantization, Vector Quantization, LBG algorithm, Tree structured VQ, Structured VQ, Variations of VQ Gain shape VQ, Mean removed VQ, Classified VQ, Multistage VQ, Adaptive VQ, Trellis coded quantization Differential Encoding: Basic algorithm, Prediction in DPCM, Adaptive DPCM, Delta Modulation, Speech coding G.726, Image coding. Transform Coding: Transforms KLT, DCT, DST, DWHT; Quantization and coding of transform coefficients, Application to Image compression JPEG, Application to audio compression. Sub-band Coding: Filters, Sub-band coding algorithm, Design of filter banks, Perfect reconstruction using two channel filter banks, M-band QMF filter banks, Poly-phase decomposition, Bit allocation, Speech coding G.722, Audio coding MPEG audio, Image compression.

Wavelet Based Compression: Wavelets, Multiresolution analysis & scaling function, Implementation using filters, Image compression EZW, SPIHT, JPEG 2000. Analysis/Synthesis Schemes: Speech compression LPC-10, CELP, MELP, Image Compression Fractal compression. Video Compression: Motion compensation, Video signal representation, Algorithms for video conferencing & videophones H.261, H. 263, Asymmetric applications MPEG 1, MPEG 2, MPEG 4, MPEG 7, Packet video.

Lossless Coding: Huffman coding, Adaptive Huffman coding, Golomb codes, Rice codes, Tunstall codes, Applications of Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, Algorithm implementation, Applications of Arithmetic coding, Dictionary techniques LZ77, LZ78, Applications of LZ78 JBIG, JBIG2, Predictive coding Prediction with partial match, Burrows Wheeler Transform, Applications CALIC, JPEG-LS, Facsimile coding T.4, T.6. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. K. Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression," Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd. & Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1996. 2. N. Jayant and P. Noll, Digital Coding of Waveforms: Principles and Applications to Speech and Video, Prentice Hall, USA, 1984. 3. 4. D. Salomon, Data Compression: The Complete Reference, Springer, 2000. Z. Li and M.S. Drew, Fundamentals of Multimedia, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2004. Modern Digital Signal Procesing Subject Code No. of Lecture Hours/Week Total No. of Lecture Hours : 10EC123 : 04 : 52 IA Marks Exam Marks Exam Hours : 50 : 03 : 100

Goal of the course Advances in Digital Signal Processing involve variable sampling rates and thus the multirate signal processing and hence their applications in communication systems and signal processing. It is intended to introduce a basic course in multirate signal processing especially meant for students of branches eligible for M Tech courses in EC related disciplines. Review of Signals and Systems Discrete time processing of continuous signals - Structure of a digital filter; Frequency domain analysis of a digital filter; Quantization error; Sigma and Sigma Delta Modulation. Fourier Analysis DFT, DTFT, DFT as an estimate of the DTFT for Spectral estimation. DFT for convolution, DFT/DCT for compression, FFT. Ideal Vs non ideal filters, FIR and IIR Filters Digital Filter Implementation; Elementary Operations. Digital Filters , State Space realization, Robust implementation of Digital Filters, Robust implementation of equi ripple FIR digital filters Multirate Systems and Signal Processing. Fundamentals Problems and definitions; Upsampling and downsampling; Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor; Multistage implementation of digital filters; Efficient implementation of multirate systems. DFT filter banks and Transmultiplexers DFT filter banks, Maximally Decimated DFT filter banks and Transmultiplexers. Application of transmultiplexers in communications Modulation.

Maximally Decimated Filter banks Vector spaces, Two Channel Perfect Reconstruction conditions; Design of PR filters Lattice Implementations of Orthonormal Filter Banks, Applications of Maximally Decimated filter banks to an audio signal. Introduction to Time Frequency Expansion; The STFT; The Gabor Transform, The Wavelet Transform; The Wavelet transform; Recursive Multiresolution Decomposition. References: 1. Roberto Cristi, Modern Digital Signal Processing, Cengage Publishers, India, (erstwhile Thompson Publications), 2003. 2. S.K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach, III Ed, Tata McGraw Hill, India, 2007. 3. E.C. Ifeachor and B W Jarvis, Digital Signal Processing, a practitioners approach, II Edition, Pearson Education, India, 2002 Reprint. 4. Proakis and Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall 1996 (third edition).

MODERN SPECTRAL ANALYSIS & ESTIMATION Subject Code No. of Lecture Hours /week Total no. of Lecture Hours : 10EC093 : 04 : 52 IA Marks Exam Hours Exam Marks : 50 : 03 : 100

Basic Concepts: Introduction, Energy Spectral Density of deterministic signals, Power Spectral Density of random signals, properties of Power Spectral Densities, The Spectral Estimatuion problem, Coherence Spectrum. Spectrum Estimation: Introduction, Correlogram method, Periodogram Computation Via FFT, properties of Periodogram method such as bias analysis, window design considerations. Signals with Rational spectra. ARMA state space Equation, sub space Parameter Estimation. Parametric Methods for line Spectra: Models of sinusoidal Signals in Noise, Non-linear least squares method. High Order Yule Walker method, Min Norm Method, ESPRIT Method, Forward Backward Estimatuion. Filter Bank Method: Filter bank Interpretation of the period gram, Refined Filter bank Method, Capon Method, Filter Bank Reinterpretation of the periodogram. Optimum Linear Filter : Optimum Signal Estimation, Linear MSE Estimation, Solution of the normal equations optimum FIR and IIR filters. Inverse filtering and deconvolution. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. Stoica and Moses, Introduction to Spectral Analysis, PHI, 1997. Monalakis, Ingle and Kogen, Stastical and Adaptive Signal Procedssing, Tata McGraw Hill. 2000.

1.

REAL TIME DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Subject Code No. of Lecture Hours /week : 10EC069 : 04 IA Marks Exam Hours : 50 : 03

Total no. of Lecture Hours Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals:

: 52

Exam Marks

: 100

Review of DSP Fundamentals; FIR filter design by windowing; Adaptive filtering techniques; Fourier analysis of signal using FFT; Introduction to Real time DSP and Moronic DS5630X, Architecture,; I nstruction set; Addressing modes; Simple 5630X program; Real time digital FIR filter; Real time LMS adoptive filers; Real time frequency domain processing REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. Oppenheim and Schafer: Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1975.

Philip L Se Leon: Real Time Digital signal processing using the Motorola DSP S63OXEVM, 2002. Proakis J (3: Digital Signal Processor prentice Hall 1996. Samuel Stearns: Digital Signal Processing with ex in MAT lab, CRC Press 2001 ELECTIVE II

DETECTION AND ESTIMATION Subject Code No. of Lecture Hours /week Total no. of Lecture Hours : 10EC028 : 04 : 52 IA Marks Exam Hours Exam Marks : 50 : 03 : 100

Classical Detection and Estimation Theory: Introduction, simple binary hypothesis tests, M Hypotheses, estimation theory, composite hypotheses, general Gaussian problem, performance bounds and approximations. Representations of Random Processes: Introduction, orthogonal representations, random process characterization, homogenous integral equations and eigen-functions, periodic processes, spectral decomposition, vector random processes. Detection of Signals Estimation of Signal Parameters: Introduction, detection and estimation in white Gaussian noise, detection and estimation in nonwhite Gaussian noise, signals with unwanted parameters, multiple channels and multiple parameter estimation. Estimation of Continuous Waveforms: Introduction, derivation of estimator equations, a lower bound on the mean-square estimation error, multidimensional waveform estimation, nonrandom waveform estimation. Linear Estimation: Properties of optimum processors, realizable linear filters, Kalman-Bucy filters, fundamental role of optimum linear filters. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Harry L. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2001. 2. M.D. Srinath, P.K. Rajasekaran and R. Viswanathan, " Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing with Applications, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd. /Prentice Hall of India, 2003. 3. Steven M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing," Volume I: "Estimation Theory", Prentice Hall, USA, 1998;

4.

Steven M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, "Volume II: "Detection Theory , Prentice Hall, USA, 1998. K Sam Shanmugam, Arthur M Breipohl, Random Signals: Detection, Estimation and Data Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Subject Code No. of Lecture Hours /week Total no. of Lecture Hours : 10EC086 : 04 : 52 IA Marks Exam Hours Exam Marks : 50 : 03 : 100

5.

Radio Propagation: Free space propagation model, Relating power to electric field, reflection, ground reflection diffraction, scattering, practical link budget design using path loss models, outdoor propagation models, indoor propagation models, signal penetration into buildings, ray tracking and site specific modeling, small scale multi-path propagation, impulse response model of a multi-path channel, small scale multi-path measurements, parameters of mobile multi-path channels, types of small scale fading, Rayleigh and Ricean distributions, statistical models for multi-path fading channels. Diversity Techniques: Concepts of Diversity branch and signal paths, Combining and switching methods, C/N, C/I performance improvements, Average P e, performance improvement, RAKE receiver. Cellular Concept: Frequency reuse, channel assignment strategies, handoff strategies; interference and system capacity, trunking and grade of service, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems. FDMA, TDMA, spread spectrum multiple access, SDMA, packet Radio, capacity of cellular systems. Personal Mobile Satellite Communications: Integration of GEO, LEO, and MEO Satellite and Terrestrial mobile systems, personal satellite Communications programs. CDMA Systems Implementation: Is-95 System Architecture, Soft Handoff and Power Control in IS-95 CDMA, cdma2000 System. Signal reception: Wireless signaling environment, basic receiver signal processing for wireless, blind multi-user detection, linear receivers for synchronous CDMA, blind multi-user detection direct methods, blind multi-user detection subspace methods, performance of blind multi-user detector, subspace tracking algorithms, blind multi-user detector in multi-path channels. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2005. 2. Kamilo Feher, "Wireless Digital Communications: Modulation and Spread Spectrum Techniques, Prentice Hall of India, 2004. 3. 4. Vijay K. Garg, IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2004. Xiaodong Wang and Vincent Poor, Wireless Communication Systems: Advanced Techniques for Signal Reception, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2004. MEDICAL IMAGING Subject Code No. of Lecture Hours /week Total no. of Lecture Hours : 10EC048 : 04 : 52 IA Marks Exam Hours Exam Marks : 50 : 03 : 100

A number of new, imaging techniques and modalities in imaging area have revolutionized the Medicare In this Course principles of various imaging modalities are to be discussed X-Rays: X raydiagnostjc methods, Conventional x-ray radiography fluoroscopy and angiography computed tomography: Recent developments in x-ray unit characteristics. Biological effects ionizing radiation

Computed Tomography: Basic principles, system components and truncations of scanning systems, Medical applications and safety precautions, Discussion on reconstruction algorithms

Ultrasound:. Functional block diagram of basic pulse echo system for diagnostic purposes, A mode, B mode and M mode principles of echocardiography Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Basic principles, Signals excitation and detection, Schematic functional diagram of MRI scanner with its sub systems, Magnet gradient systems, RF transmitter- receiver system, medical applications, safety precautions. Radio Nuclide Imaging: Principles, schematic functional diagram and components of gamma, Medical applications, safety precautions. Medical Thermography: Basic principles, functional diagram of thermo graphic equipment PET Principles ,Medical applications of microwaves REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Jacob K1ine, Handbook of Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press .1998. Kirk Shung, Principles of medical imagin, Academic press Zhong Hicho and Manbir Singh Fundamentals of Medical imaging John Wiley, 1993 Peter Josefell &Edward Sudney Nuclear Medicine introductory Text, William Blackwell Scientific Publishers London G.T. Herman, Imaging reconstruction from projections Implementation and applications, Topics in applied physics vol.32 Springer Verlag 1979.