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Negative Resistance Oscillator: Z Z T(S) Z

This document discusses the design of input filters for switching regulators. It begins by explaining how an undamped input filter can interact with the negative input impedance of a switching regulator to form an oscillation. It then analyzes a buck converter example in detail, determining the impedances of the converter and undamped filter. It finds that the filter resonates and does not meet stability criteria. Two methods for damping the filter are presented: adding resistance across the filter capacitor or adding a blocking capacitor. The document concludes by discussing optimization of a damped input filter design.

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Jesus Alexander Yamunaque Santos
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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56 views9 pages

Negative Resistance Oscillator: Z Z T(S) Z

This document discusses the design of input filters for switching regulators. It begins by explaining how an undamped input filter can interact with the negative input impedance of a switching regulator to form an oscillation. It then analyzes a buck converter example in detail, determining the impedances of the converter and undamped filter. It finds that the filter resonates and does not meet stability criteria. Two methods for damping the filter are presented: adding resistance across the filter capacitor or adding a blocking capacitor. The document concludes by discussing optimization of a damped input filter design.

Uploaded by

Jesus Alexander Yamunaque Santos
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

|un!

cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics


2O
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Negalive resislance osciIIalor
1
Z
i
(s)
=
1
Z
N
(s)
T(s)
1 + T(s)
+
1
Z
D
(s)
1
1 + T(s)
It can be shown that the closed-loop converter input impedance is
given by:
where T(s) is the converter loop gain.
At frequencies below the loop crossover frequency, the input
impedance is approximately equal to Z
N
, which is a negative
resistance.
When an undamped or lightly damped input filter is connected to the
regulator input port, the input filter can interact with Z
N
to form a
negative resistance oscillator.
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
21
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
1O.3 uck Converler LxamIe
1O.3.1 Lffecl of undamed inul fiIler
+

C
R
+
v

L
i 1
2
V
g
L
f
C
f
Input filter Converter
30 V
330 H
470 F
100 H
100 F
3
D = 0.5
+

L
C R
+
1 : D
+

Converter model
V
g

L
f
Input filter
C
f
Z
o
(s) Z
i
(s)
330 H
470 F
100 H
100 F 3
Buck converter
with input filter
Small-signal model
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
22
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Delerminalion of Z
D
L
C R
1 : D
+

Z
D
(s)
Z
D
(s) =
1
D
2
sL + R||
1
sC
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz
40 dB
0 dB
20 dB
|| Z
N
||
|| Z
D
||
f
R
D
2
= 12
f
1
=
1
2RC
530 Hz
f
o
=
1
2 LC
1.59 kHz
Q = R
C
L
=
f
o
f
1
= 3 9.5 dB
1
D
2
C
L
D
2
10 dB
30 dB
R
0
/D
2
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
23
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Delerminalion of Z
N
L
C R
+
1 : D
+

V
g

I
0
0

Z
N
(s)
+

s
0

test

test
+

Z
N
(s) =

test
(s)

test
(s)
0

test
(s) = I(s)

test
(s) =
V
g
(s)
D
Z
N
(s) =

V
g
(s)
D
I(s)
=
R
D
2
Solution: Hence,
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
24
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Z
c
of undamed inul fiIler
L
f
C
f
Z
o
(s)
Z
o
(s) = sL
f
||
1
sC
f
100 Hz 1 kHz
40 dB
0 dB
20 dB
20 dB
f
|| Z
o
||
10 dB
10 dB
30 dB
1
C
f
L
f
f
f
=
1
2 L
f
C
f
= 400 Hz
Q
f

R
0f
=
L
f
C
f
= 0.84
No resistance, hence poles are undamped (infinite Q-factor).
In practice, losses limit Q-factor; nonetheless, Q
f
may be very large.
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
25
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Design crileria
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz
40 dB
0 dB
20 dB
20 dB
|| Z
N
||
|| Z
D
||
f
|| Z
o
||
L
f
1
C
f
12
Q
f

1
D
2
C
f
o
= 1.59 kHz
f
1
= 530 Hz
Q = 3
L
D
2
R
0f
10 dB
30 dB
10 dB
f
f
= 400 Hz
R
0
/D
2
Z
o
Z
N
, and
Z
o
Z
D
Can meet
inequalities
everywhere
except at
resonant
frequency f
f
.
Need to damp
input filter!
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
26
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
ResuIling correclion faclor
f
0
360
0 dB
10 dB
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz
180
10 dB

1 +
Z
o
Z
N
1 +
Z
o
Z
D
1 +
Z
o
Z
N
1 +
Z
o
Z
D
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
27
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
ResuIling lransfer funclion
f
|| G
vd
||

G
vd
0
360
540
0 dB
10 dB
20 dB
30 dB
100 Hz
40 dB
1 kHz 10 kHz
180
10 dB
|| G
vd
||


G
vd
Dashed lines: no
input filter
Solid lines:
including effect of
input filter
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
28
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
1O.3.2 Daming lhe inul fiIler
L
f
C
f
Z
o
(s)
Undamped filter:
L
f
C
f
R
f
L
f
C
f
R
f
Two possible approaches:
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
29
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Addilion of R
j
across C
j
L
f
C
f
R
f
To meet the requirement R
f
|| Z
N
||:
R
f

R
D
2
The power loss in R
f
is V
g
2
/ R
f
,
which is larger than the load power!
C
b
L
f
C
f
R
f
A solution: add dc blocking
capacitor C
b
.
Choose C
b
so that its impedance is
sufficiently smaller than R
f
at the
filter resonant frequency.
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
3O
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Damed inul fiIler
1
C
f
L
f
f
f
R
f
R
0f
C
b
L
f
C
f
R
f
|| Z
o
||, with large C
b
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
31
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
Design crileria, vilh damed inul fiIler
100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz
40 dB
0 dB
20 dB
20 dB
|| Z
N
||
|| Z
D
||
f
|| Z
o
||
L
f
1
C
f
12
1
D
2
C
f
o
= 1.59 kHz
f
1
= 530 Hz
Q = 3
L
D
2
R
0f
10 dB
30 dB
10 dB
f
f
= 400 Hz
R
f
= 1
R
0
/D
2
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
32
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
ResuIling lransfer funclion
f
|| G
vd
||

G
vd
0
0 dB
10 dB
20 dB
30 dB
100 Hz
40 dB
1 kHz 10 kHz
180
10 dB
|| G
vd
||


G
vd
90
Dashed lines: no
input filter
Solid lines:
including effect of
input filter
Simulation of control-to-output responses
Undamped vs. damped input filters
Undamped single-
section input
lter
Damped single-
section input
lter
Plotting the filter output impedances
Script that
generated this
plot

,
undamped

, damped
Simulink files for previous slide
BuckIF1Zo: plotting output
impedance of undamped lter
BuckIF2Zo: plotting output
impedance of damped lter
BuckIF2Zd: plotting open-loop input
impedance of buck converter
(note: this setup generates the input
admittance; impedance is obtained
by inverting the resulting LTI model)
Resulting control-to-output transfer function
|un!cmcnic|s cj Pcucr ||ccircnics
33
Cncpicr 10. |npui |i|icr Dcsign
1O.4 Design of a Damed Inul IiIler
+

v
1
+
v
2

C
b
R
f
C
f
L
f
+

v
1
+
v
2

L
b
R
f
C
f
L
f
+

v
1
+
v
2

L
b
R
f
C
f
L
f
R
f
L
b
Parallel Damping
R
f
L
b
Series Damping
R
f
C
b
Parallel Damping
Size of C
b
or L
b
can become
very large
Need to optimize design

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