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Electrochemical Cells & Reactions

This document discusses electrochemical cells and reactions, including the interface between electrodes and electrolytes when an electric potential is applied. Key points covered include: - Electrodes transfer charge via electron movement, while electrolytes transfer charge via ion movement to allow current to pass. - Reference electrodes like the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) are used to control the energy of working electrodes. - The open circuit potential can be calculated from the Nernst equation and depends on factors like temperature. - Current is calculated from the rate of coulomb flow over time based on Faraday's law. - The background limit or electrochemical window of a cell depends on both the electrode

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Saifuddin Aziz
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37 views11 pages

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions

This document discusses electrochemical cells and reactions, including the interface between electrodes and electrolytes when an electric potential is applied. Key points covered include: - Electrodes transfer charge via electron movement, while electrolytes transfer charge via ion movement to allow current to pass. - Reference electrodes like the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) are used to control the energy of working electrodes. - The open circuit potential can be calculated from the Nernst equation and depends on factors like temperature. - Current is calculated from the rate of coulomb flow over time based on Faraday's law. - The background limit or electrochemical window of a cell depends on both the electrode

Uploaded by

Saifuddin Aziz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrochemical Cells & Reactions

Study of electrode/electrolyte interface when an electric potential is applied and current passes
Electrode: Charge = movement of electrons Reference electrode: Normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) Saturated calomel electrode (SCE) Ag/AgCl

Working Electrode: Solid metals (Pt, Au) Liquid metals (Hg, amalgam) Carbon (graphite) Semiconductor (indium-tin oxide, Si) Control electrons energy with respect to reference

Electrolyte: Charge = movement of ions Low resistance Ionic species H+, Na+, Cl- in aq. or non aq.

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions

Eocell = Eored(cathode) - Eored(anode)

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions


Potential between electrodes = volts (V) 1 V = 1 joule/coulomb (J/C) : energy to drive charge externally between electrodes

Open circuit potential - from Nernst equation [equilibrium]

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions


- Connecting working electrode to negative of power supply

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions


- Connecting working electrode to positive of power supply

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions


Number of electrons cross the electrode/solution interface = total charge, Q (unit of coulombs, C) 1 C = 6.24 x 1018 electrons Faradays law passage of 96485.4 C causes 1 equivalent of reaction

Current, i = Q/t [rate of flow of coulombs] (C/s) Standard potential, Eo = critical potential where electron transfer occurs

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions


OCP

No equilibrium! Pt/H+, Br-

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions


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Electrochemical Cells & Reactions


Background limit or Electrochemical window

Cathodic current

Anodic current

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions

Heterogeneous rate constant lower on Hg : higher electron energies (more negative) must be applied for the reaction to occur. Additional potential needed for reaction = overpotential background limit depends on electrode material

Electrochemical Cells & Reactions

Background limit depends on solution

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