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Failure Theories Made Easy: Maximum Principal Stress (Rankine's)

This document summarizes three common failure theories: 1) Rankine's theory defines failure as exceeding the maximum principal stress, which is the larger of the two principal stresses. The factor of safety is the yield strength divided by the maximum principal stress. 2) Tresca's theory defines failure as exceeding the maximum shear stress, estimated as half the yield strength. The factor of safety is half the yield strength divided by the maximum shear stress. 3) Von Mises theory defines failure as exceeding the equivalent stress, calculated from the principal stresses. The factor of safety is the yield strength divided by the equivalent stress.

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148 views2 pages

Failure Theories Made Easy: Maximum Principal Stress (Rankine's)

This document summarizes three common failure theories: 1) Rankine's theory defines failure as exceeding the maximum principal stress, which is the larger of the two principal stresses. The factor of safety is the yield strength divided by the maximum principal stress. 2) Tresca's theory defines failure as exceeding the maximum shear stress, estimated as half the yield strength. The factor of safety is half the yield strength divided by the maximum shear stress. 3) Von Mises theory defines failure as exceeding the equivalent stress, calculated from the principal stresses. The factor of safety is the yield strength divided by the equivalent stress.

Uploaded by

Nang Truong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Materials 337 (2012)

Failure Theories Made Easy

Maximum principal stress (Rankine's) When Rankine's theory is used, the strength is the yield strength, <y , and the maximum stress is the numerically larger principal stress, which is the maximum principal stress i f both principal stresses are positive ( 1 quadrant), and the minimum principal stress if both principal stresses are negative (3 quadrant).
y st rd

The factor safety is given by FoS = max Alternatively,


<7 ,<7
l 2

> 0
2 2

FoS = cr
2

or cr, > 0,cr < 0 and cr, > cr


<j,,<y, <0
2

or cr, > 0, cr < 0 and cr, < cr

Maximum shear stress (Tresca's) When Tresca's theory is used, the strength is the shear strength and the maximum stress is the maximum shear stress. The shear strength is estimated to be half of the yield strength, i.e., oy/2. When the two principal stresses are of the same signs ( 1 quadrant or 3 quadrant), the maximum shear stress is half of the numerically larger principal stress, i.e.
st rd

x
max

max IcrjUcrJ}

This is because that under plane stress conditions, i. e. o$ = 0, and this has to be considering when deriving the maximum shear stress, as shown in the following Mohr's circles.

1 |Page

Failure Theories Made Easy Alternatively,


1 n
1 2

2 cr,

(T^CTj < 0

Thus, the factor of safety is FoS=-

max cr[|,|cr |}/2


2

max^jo^jaTfj

which is the same as that using Rankine's theory. When the two principal stresses are of opposite signs ( 2 and 4 quadrants), a\ 0 and cr < 0. As shown in the following Mohr's circle, the maximum shear stress is
nd th 2

max

CT i
2

4 = o 1 \

Vi
(7

\
T

Thus, the factor of safety is given by

Maximum distortion energy (von Mises) When von Mises theory is used, the strength is the yield strength and the maximum stress is the equivalent stress, which is given by

Thus, the factor of safety is given by


a

FoS=^ End 2|Page

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