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Adiabatic Compresion: TS and HS Diagrams

The document discusses adiabatic compression processes using temperature-entropy (TS) and enthalpy-entropy (HS) diagrams. It explains the isentropic efficiency of a nozzle and how nozzles convert energy into kinetic energy with little change in potential or shaft work. The document then discusses the isentropic efficiency of adiabatic compressors using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. It describes how multi-stage compression with intercooling can improve efficiency over single-stage compression and shows HS diagrams of multi-stage systems. Finally, it provides equations for calculating the total power requirement of an ideal gas two-stage compressor system.

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92 views10 pages

Adiabatic Compresion: TS and HS Diagrams

The document discusses adiabatic compression processes using temperature-entropy (TS) and enthalpy-entropy (HS) diagrams. It explains the isentropic efficiency of a nozzle and how nozzles convert energy into kinetic energy with little change in potential or shaft work. The document then discusses the isentropic efficiency of adiabatic compressors using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. It describes how multi-stage compression with intercooling can improve efficiency over single-stage compression and shows HS diagrams of multi-stage systems. Finally, it provides equations for calculating the total power requirement of an ideal gas two-stage compressor system.

Uploaded by

guruseenu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Adiabatic Compresion: TS and HS Diagrams

TS Diagram Adiabatic Compression Processes HS Diagram Adiabatic Compression Processes Accessible States

Accessible States

Isentropic Efficiency of a Nozzle


Only exact when v1 = 0

and:

And the 1st Law becomes:

If A1 >>A2 and the process is not teribbly irreversible, then:

Define isentropic efficiency of a nozzle : For SS, SISO systems: P1, V1 P2, V2

1st Law:

Nozzles convert energy in the form of PV work into kinetic energy. They are:

Nearly adiabatic Involve no shaft work Result in little or no change in potential energy

Therefore:

http://www.learnthermo.com/T1-tutorial/ch08/lesson-C/pg07.php

sentropic Efficiency of Adiabatic Compressors

Actual Work Input : Adiabatic Compressor

Minimum Work Input : Isentropic Compressor

Assumptions : SS, SISO, EK = EP = 0 1st Law : 2nd Law :

Adiabatic Compression : PV Diagram


Adiabatic Compressor

In Lesson 8B, we found that for SISO, SS, internally reversible compressions, with negligible changes in kinetic and potential energies :

Accessible States

2-Stage Compression With Intercooling

The single compressor can be replaced by 2 compressors and a HEX, called an

intercooler.

This scheme is called a 2-stage compression with intercooling .

3-Stage Compression With Intercooling

When P2 >> P1, it is sometimes economically justifiable to build a 3-stage compressor with two intercoolers. Saved Work

HS Diagram for Multi-Stage Compression


Multistage Compression with Intercooling
: 2-Stage (1 intercooler).

Ideal Gas, 2-Stage Compressor Design


Total power requirement for the 2-stage compressor system:

Assume the best case for each compressor : Reversible + Adiabatic = Isentropic. Assume the working fluid is an ideal gas at all the states that exist within the system. Assume the working fluid has constant heat capacities. Therefore, each compressor is a polytropic process : PV = C

From Lesson 8B :

From Lesson 7E :

these compressors are not isothermal. Remember: Subscripts "i" and "o" refer to to the inlet and outlet streams for each compressor. So, for each compressor:

For both compressors:

Where Px is the pressure at the outlet of the 1st compressor.

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