Abhijit.A.

Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform, Standard Exam 310-055
Edition 5.0 Explanation Abhijit.A.Nayak [email protected]
Question 1 All constants in an interface are declared public,static,final Page 22 Question 2 Option A is wrong because the syntax is wrong. Option C is wrong because only collections can be checked for hasnext() and next() Question 3 On line 17,the short circuit operator && evaluates itself to be false. if((x==4) && !b2) , here once x==4 is evaluated to be false then other condition is not checked. So option D is right. Refer page 294 Question 4 Finally surely executes even if there is an exception or not. Refer page 347 Question 5 When attempting to cast a reference variable to a type that fails the IS-A test, a ClassCastException is Thrown. Refer page 370

Question 6 Locale.getDefault(); is the right method to create an instance of the Locale. Refer Page 471. In option D, 1

Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

df.setDateFormat(d) is wrong because the question asked is about the output not to set the date. Hence Option B is the right answer. Question 7 In Encapsulation all instance variables in a class should be marked as Private. Refer page 83 for the rules. Question 8 In the line 25,Constructor call to the private variable of the Money class is wrong. Hence there is a compilation error.Even though the argument passed to public String getCountry(String timeZone) ie String timeZone is irrelevant , it follows the correct syntax in accessing the instance variable via a method which has been marked as public. Question 9 Has a Relationship is based on usage.Refer page 92. Man has a bestfriend instance variable or class member of Man is bestfriend. Bestfriend is a (type of)Dog. Question 10 Option C is wrong cause in a Hashset no dulicates are allowed.Second Entry is not allowed inside the set. Option D Hashset is a Set , not a map.Option B is wrong because in a map when we delete an object first we check if the hashcode() is equal then we check the equals() method to see if both the instances are the same. Question 11 The format of the question is correct. But in arrays and collections the elements inside the collection/array must be mutually comparable. This will be known as an error only during the runtime, because the complier does not know what is inside the array until it runs.Refer page 556. Question 12 This is postfix increment operator inside the dostuff method. But the variable inside the method is always a local and the scope of it dies after it leaves the method.hence dostuff=5.

Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Once it reaches the main, it realizes that x is a local to the main() and x was initialized as 5. so main=5. for increment operator refer page 290. Question 13 A is correct since we are importing the class in a usual way and accessing the static variable using the class name. C is correct since we are importing the class using the static imports and accessing the static variable without class name. Refer page no 776 for information on static imports Question 14 To use an enum constant from out side of the class the only way is to use fully qualified name i.e option D. Refer page no 60 and 61 for similar examples Question 15 It is an Argument-Defined Anonymous Inner class.Option D is the wrong syntax because of class.Option A is wrong because a new keyword is not there.Option B is wrong because of the absence of the () after foo. Refer page number 653 for an example. Question 16 Read the question carefully cause it is tricky & perplex. Once new Beta.testfoo() is invoked, line number 28 System.out.println( fubar( new A())); is invoked.The invocation then calls the method fubar on line number 20.In fubar the foo.bar(); takes the version which was inside the testfoo() as it was overridden ie on the line 24,25,26(option B). If these 3 lines were deleted then the call goes to Beta version s bar() method on line numbers 16,17,18 (Option E). Similarly for option F. Question 17 From the Code we know that for like 4 to work properly we a fully qualified name for sure. So in option E Import static sun.scjp.Color.GREEN Tells us that this is the right option.

Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Then out of the other options. We first need to import the package which must contain the enum, so we eliminate A because there is no static import. Remember static import is used for accessing static members. So here inside the enum all 3 colors are static.But we also need to access the color enum so we must have import sun.scjp.color.*; Option C is the right answer.

Question 18 This is straight forward and easy. Interface can only extend another interface. so option A is right Question 19 Method to be called depends on the actual object type,not on the return type. Question 20 It is an simple argument - defined inner anonymous class .refer page 653 for an example Question 21 Since we can not create an instance for abstract class options A and B are invalid. There is no operator such as -> in java so D is invalid, We cannot use both object and class for calling a method so E is invalid. Option C is the correct way to call the method of Circle by creating a reference on the abstract class Shape. Question 22 Rules for overriding Class members cant have an access modifier which is narrower than what is declared.But it can be broader. protected abstract double getSalesAmount(); so proctected and public are allowed to override but not private and default as its narrower than what has been declared in Employee class. Question 23

Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

A is the correct answers since the class extending the abstract class and Implementing the interface. Ans it also implements the method. Question 24 A) one class extends another class but not implements B) an abstract class can extend another abstract class without overriding the methods declared in the base class C) Since draw(); method is not defined it should be declared as abstract and the class should also be declared as abstract D) It is overriding the method properly but the implements word cannot be used for extending the abstract class E) It is a valid overriding and extending the abstract class F) implements keyword is wrong it should be extends Question 25 When we are implementing the Runnable interface we must override run method and when implementing the Clonable interface we must override the clone() method. And we use the keyword implements for implementing one or more interfaces only once, so C and D are valid. In A we are not giving the implementation for methods so its invalid. In B we can not use the key word extends for implementing interfaces so it is also not valid. In E we are using the implements keyword twice its not required Question 26 When a.go(); is invoked go in sente is printed. When b.go(); is invoked go in goban is printed. So The output so far is Go in sente Go in goban

Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Only option C is there with this order. Then Go in Goban is printed. Question 27 Since f is declared in try block its scope is in try block only it cannot be accessed from out side of the try block i.e finally block also. So the compiler complains that the symbol f cannot be resolved in line 17. Question 28 This is too easy. Anyways, when x+=x is invoked then x=x+x takes place. Hence x =5+5 and x =10 Question 29 This is also too easy. We are creating an array of integers x[] and adding elements. Now integer array y[] is assigned to x[] and so y[2] is 3 because all arrays have a zero based index. Question 30 Identifier can begin only with a letter,an underscore, or a currency character. Refer two minute drill first point on page 68.

Question 31 A is a simple way to create an static array (in C style). B is way which follows Java rules i.e, declaring, constructing and initializing. option C looks like an Anonymous array, but its not.the int should not have a number between the brackets []. If it was an Anonymous Array it should look like static final int[] a; a= new int[]{100,200}; Question 32 This is an example to iterate through the enum elements using the enhanced for loop. Color.values() is the type which has to be passed in for the enum Color.

Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Question 33 This is an example of a method,constructor inside an enum. The instance variable is private final int rgb; The constructor is Color( int rgb) { this.rgb = rgb; } The method is public int getRGB() { return rgb; } In order for the enum to work properly we need to make an enum instance. For that the proper syntax is Option B Color treeColor = Color.GREEN; Option A is wrong because the syntax for the enum which is enumname.enumvalue Option C is wrong because we cant add new values to the enum after its declaration. Now for the 2nd pick Option D is wrong because of wrong syntax like option A enumname.enumvalue Option E is wrong again because purple cant be added or be assigned as its invalid. So option E is right. Question 34 As soon as line 20 has been invoked,the format uses the overridden method of the enum Title. But first the constructor runs and then the format method runs. Question 35 It is a straight forward question for the new For Each for loop. Here Anonymous Array has been used to initialize the object obj[] array. Somearray takes only integers as obj[] array has been casted with (int[]) type.

Question 36 A) Since beta is not static it cannot be invoked using class name, it can be invoked using reference variable B) Since alpha is static it can be invoked using the class name directly

Abhijit.A.Nayak

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C) static method (alpha) can be called from non static method directly in the same class (beta) D) non static method (beta) cannot be referenced from the static method alpha) Refer page no 144 and 145 for more information on static methods. Question 37 It is a straight forward question for variable arguments. Question 38 JavaBeans Property Naming rules refer page 8,9 Question 39 Static Method should access the Static instance variables. So the code does not compile. Since the static method getInstanceCount cannot reference the non static variable counter the compiler fails to compile in line 6 saying that A non static variables cannot be referenced by static method. So option A is correct. Refer page 142,143 Question 40 If the property is Boolean, the getter methods prefix is either get or is. Refer page 9.The setter method should be void and the getter method must consists the Boolean. Hence option A and C are the right answers.

Question 41 The question here is about legal return types. Refer page 123. When option C has been used we know that Two IS-A One. So it is allowed.(Co variant Return Type). Option D is overriding the super classes foo() method so it is allowed as well.

Abhijit.A.Nayak Question 42

KCT,Coimbatore

A is invalid since the return type changes. D is invalid since the modifier can be less restrictive but it should not be more restrictive, so public and protected is allowed but private is not allowed. So B,C and E are correct. Question 43 When overriding the overridden method can return the same or sub type but not the super type. Since in line6 of class C it is returning the super type the compiler throws an error. Refer pages 122, 123 and 124 for information on covariant return types. Question 44 Refer page 239 and 240.The complier will always choose to the older style than the never one to keep the code more robust. So option A. Question 45 The option here is C. If we are overriding then the rules are no changing the return type and the arguments .But If its overloading then we have to change the Arguments as well as the return type. Question 46 This is inner class question.Refer page 641,642. But the option B should be like this Line.Point p = new Line().Point(); Guess there was a typing error. To instantiate an inner class MyOuter.MyInner myinner= new MyOuter().MyInner(); Or If you already have an instance of the outer class then MyOuter outterObjRef=new MyOuter(); MyOuter.MyInner myinner= MyOuter.new MyInner(); Question 47

Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

The return type should be Line.Point because that correctly retrieves a local instance of a Point object.so option A and C are wrong.we should instantiate line inorder to get a new instance and from that instance we invoke getpoint() method. So option D is right. Question 48 When Three is instantiated. calls the super constructors are invoked because it in a built in call.So option C. Question 49 Simple but tricky flow since the subclass invokes the super class default or no-args constructor but there is no such constructor in class Person it fails to compile (it fails to invoke the super class constructor in line 18). So option D is correct. Question 50 Since the subclass constructor invokes the base class default or no-args constructor and there is no such constructor it throws compilation error so to stop this we need to insert the statement given in option D. B,C and E are invalid because since we cannot call constructor using the class name, we can invoke the constructor using the this() or super() only. Question 51 Follow the flow to know the out put . Remember that this() is used to invoke the current class constructors this. is used to access the current object variables. Question 52 The answer is Compilation fails since the syntax for default case is " default" not "case default". Refer page no 327 for valid example. Question 53 Since there is no break statement, after the case collie the flow of control goes to the next line and produces the output as collie harrier

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Question 54 The output is really simple,In line 12 , there is a method invocation to line 18 which returns true.so the output is A. Question 55 This is a Wrapper class example so its simple and easy. Both the Wrapper class objects are converted to integers and added. Question 56 The format for if is if(---){ } elseif(---){}else{} So compilation error. Question 57 There cant be a finally if there is no try/catch. Question 58 After the first iteration x:1 y:9 After the second iteration x:2 y:8 After the third iteration x:3 y:7 After the fourth iteration x:4 y:6 During the 5th iteration First y5 x5 Then x value is checked and it exits the loop. Question 59 The while loop never executes even once.hence the option is C. Question 60 This is an infinite loop.as its a do while loop, the source code inside the loop executes once which makes x=9 from then on it goes on looping.so the option here is D. Question 61 To sort in reverse order it is not the correct way ,

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Abhijit.A.Nayak to sort in reverse order we first need to apply reverse method followed by sort method. Refer page no 624 for correct syntax. Question 62

KCT,Coimbatore

LinkedList keeps the elements in the order of the index i.e with insertion positions so the elements are displayed as in the insertion order itself. (Dont confuse with the object name sorted, it is just a trick but the LinkedList wont keep the elements in sorted order) Note: we can keep the elements in sorted order using TreeSet and TreeMap Refer page no 542 and 560 to know abt LinkedList and Lists Question 63 Since i is declared inside the for loop it can be accessed inside the for loop only, it is not visible outside the for block so the compilation will fail in line 15. when accessing i the compiler says that cannot resolve symbol i. Question 64 To use to assertions first we need to enable assertions , for this we need to use the ea or enableassertions so options A and C are invalid. If we use C and F the condition will be true so it wont throw any Error, If we use B and E the assertions are enabled and the condition will be false (length!=1) so it throw AssertionError.Option D is the correct syntax it wont produce and error.Option F enables assertions only for the test class and two strings test , file1 are passed as command line argument. Question 65 This is a simple assertion example. During java AssertStuff the assert is skipped and the output is passed. During java -ea AssertStuff since the value of the assertion is false , AssertionError is thrown. Refer page 373. Question 66

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

javac -source 1.3 Test.java makes sure that if assert is an identifier.Refer pages 375,376,377. Due to this when we use source 1.3 it complies fine but shows warnings.anything above java1.3 the compilation fails. Question 67 Assertions cannot be used to validate the public method arguments So line 26 ( assert (x>0)) is not legal because we cant use assertions to validate arguments of a public method and assert (dostuff4()) is also not valid because it can cause a side effect as in it should leave the program as it is. A method call inside the assert keyword is wrong syntax.Refer page no 380 for usage information of assertions Question 68 When overriding a method the overriding method cannot throw any checked exceptions or user defined exceptions( user defined exceptions are also treated as checked exceptions) that is not thrown by super class method. So the compilation in line 2 of class B will fails. Refer page no 99 for overriding rules. Question 69 The option is D and E because when a.sayHello(john) is invoked,it throws an exception which either has to be handled by a try/catchOption E and or has to be declared in the called method option D.handle or declare rule. Question 70 If a null pointer exception takes place then the exception is caught and then a is printed and the finally block executes. Hence option D. Question 71 In line 14 we are overriding the process() method.when we override exceptions only narrower exceptions can be declared.In class As process() method there is no exception.hence compilation error on line 14.

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Abhijit.A.Nayak Question 72

KCT,Coimbatore

This is a Runtime Exception,it is an unchecked exception and therefore need not be handled or declared unless you wish. Therefore when ((A)new B()).process(); is called then super.process(); is called in class A the exception need not be declared or handled as it is an unchecked exception.In the If(true) condition an exception is thrown which propagates to to the process methods which rethrows it to the calling method where it is handled and hence Exception is printed. Question 73 Again the compilation error on line 19 because the calling method should either handle or declare the exception. On line 12, throw new Exception(); is called which has to be handled or declared in the calling method. Question 74 Here the option is B because the calling method calls a method which does not throw any exception in class B the void process method is overridden without any exception.This is a valid rule of overriding.Exception can be anything broader or it simply not exist but is should not be narrower. Question 75 The connection is made on line 85. On line 86 the exception occurs which is handled via a catch loop. So the lines after 86, dont execute.Which leaves the resource connection open still.so option C is the right answer. Question 76 The question is tricky once the a.method1(); is called and then b.method2(); is called from there and c.method3(); is called from there.Remember NullPointerException is a Runtime Exception.So all three methods need not handle/declare it. c.method3(); propagates to b.method2();a.method1(); which is the calling code and it handles the exception.so option E is right. The exception is caught by it and the lines inside the catch executes. So option B is correct too. Question 77 Dont be tricked because the exception thrown by the catch (TestException te) { throw new RuntimeException(te);

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

} is a run time exception it need not be handled or declared by the calling method.so option b.Remember runtime exceptions are unchecked exceptions.

Question 78 When handling exception the subclass type catch block should be first then the super class type should be last. (here NullPointerException is subclass of Exception class) So it wont compile, to compile it correctly we need to exchange the lines 16 and 18 Refer page no 557 for more information. Question 79 Remember Errors are like unchecked exception. It need not be declare or handled. Refer page 363.Errors and Exceptions share a common super class called throwable.here on the line 12. if (true) throw new AssertionError(); an error is thrown to the calling code which is the main function. So the next line 13 in test() and the exception is not caught in main. Hence nothing is printed. Question 80 Exception is caught on line 14. But every time the finally runs first and then the exception propagates to main and is caught there. Question 81 The flow is simple it is a runtime error which is an unchecked exception. try { test(); } calls test()prints test and throws new runtime exception which is caught exception is printed because it is a superclass exception and runtime exceptions need not be caught so it is handled here only. Thenend is printed in main as it is already been caught and cause its a runtime exception. For question 82- please refer page 370 in the K&B text book. Question 82

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

IllegalArgumentException is thrown when a method receives an argument formatted differently than the method expects.Hence option D.

Question 83 This is a NullPointerException.Null pointer exception is thrown when attempting to access an object with a reference variable whose current value is null. classB.getValue(); is a null value. Because class Bs getvalue() method has to access class cs getvalue() method inorder to get a string.hence it is a runtime exception. Question 84 java.lang.ExceptionlnlnitializerErrorThrown when attempting to initialize a static variable or an initialization block. Question 85 StackOverflowError thrown when a method recourses too deeply. 3 is passed in and the method is a recursive method it calls itself and hence option A is right cause it count(); keeps calling itself. Question 86 Wrapper class Integer i is never initialized to zero automatically. Hence we get a runtime exception of 0.where as int x initializes itself to zero after compiling. Question 87 This is simple.str+=42 means str=str+42; Question 88 args[0] represents a String bur we are assigning it to Integer it throws NumberFormatExceptin when assigning a String to Integer. The correct way to use is: Integer i=(Integer)args[0]; or int i= Integer.parseInt(args[0]);

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Question 89 Option D:Since StringBuffer and StringBuilder methods are same we can replace with no other changes. Option A:Since StringBuffer is thread safe A is wrong Option C:Since + is not overridden in StringBuffer ( and also in StringBuilder) it is not possible. Option B:Since StringBuilder methods are not thread safe it increases the performance Question 90 If we use string buffer instead of string builder we wont get complete synchronized data. To get proper sync we should make the method log synchronized.Option A is correct. Question 91 Fred this is appended with 47.Fred is also lost because it is appended with 47.47 is lost S=Fred47 (1st one,this is also lost) ed47 (2nd one,this is also lost) ED47 (final one) Question 92 Observe the following output sequence for both the outputs b) 123456789.delete(0,3) results in 456789 ( observe the second parameter of delete method is not zero based index, it is 1 based where as the first param is zerobased) Now 456789.replace(1,3,24) = 424789 (same as above). Now424789.delete(4,6)= 4247 (here also same thing first param zero based n second param 1 based) e) 123456789.delete(0,3)=456789.replace(1,3,7)=47789 .delete(2,5)=47.insert(1,24)=4247 Refer 425,426 and 427 for the methods explanation Question 93 When invoking method the matching is the priority is direct mapping widening autoboxing varargs.So go(y) invokes the int method by widening short to int since the direct

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

mapping is not available.go(z) invokes the Long version by auto boxing to Long since the direct mapping and widening is not available. Refer page no 238 for widening , auto boxing and varargs rules. Question 94 Here the methods go(short s) ans go(Short s) both are same in the sense of compiler so the compiler fails to compile saying multiple declarations. Question 95 This is quiet simple.Unless you carefully look into the question you might not spot it.The directory object is created but not the actual directory in the hard disk because directory.mkdir(); was not called and hence this causes an IOException during runtime.Refer page 440 for an example. Question 96 Refer page 436. writing a line separator to the stream is the only extra thing in buffered writer when compared to filewriter. Question 97 As per the Serialization rules the classes that are involving in serialization also should implement Serializable interface but here the class Tree is not implementing the Serializable interface, so it throws an Exception when it is trying to serialize the Forest class. Refer page no 450 for similar example. Question 98 When overriding writeobject() and readobject() we should make sure than we should read the data in the same order as we wrote it. Refer page 451.

Question 99

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Abhijit.A.Nayak For option E refer to page 453. For option D refer to page 449.

KCT,Coimbatore

Question 100 Since there is no problem in code and no complex flow, it is a general flow. So the corresponding values will be printed. Refer page no 444 for similar example Question 101 If the super class in not implementing Serializable interface when deserializing the class the super class constructor will run.So the execution in object creation is lines 19,14,16 output 12. When serializing no output. When deserializing the Food constructor will run so output is 1 A the line 22 output is restored and size 42 So the complete output is 121restored42. Refer page no 452, 453 and 454 for same example Question 102 Refer page 451. s.defaultWriteObject(); is used to normalize all the data in a normal way. Question 103 This is very easy. Refer pages 469,470. (3.1415926); is rounded off to 4 decimal points Question 104 Parse(input) is wrong parse(numbers only) same with option D So equals is wrong cause it does not make sense in formatting problems. So option B is correct. Parse() method takes a String formatted in the style of The DateFormat instance.it coverts the string to date Refer page 465 Question 105

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

This is simple .Refer page 471 and look at the valid instance creation options. Question 106 There is not method such like that setLocale. To set the locale we need to create a Locale object using the following syntax Local locItaly=new Local(it,IT) and format() method is available in DateFormat class and it is not available in the Date class. Refer page no 466,467 and 468 Question 107 getLocalTime() and setLocaltime() are invalid . so option C & D are wrong . getTime() & setTime() are correct. Option B is right because the static method used to get an instance of date format is getDateInstance(); Refer page 461 for date and Refer 471 for DateFormat. Question 108 Parse() method takes a String formatted in the style of The DateFormat instance.it coverts the string to date Refer page 465.Parse() must be placed inside a try/catch block.Refer page 470. Question 109 Sorry I dont know why the compilation fails, here test.split and tokens.length both are correct but may be problem with \s may be it should be \\s. Refer page no 475 and 486 for some information. Question 110 split(\\d ) splits the string by separating with the a digit. So the tokens array becomes tokens={a,b,c} Refer page no.s 475 and 486 for tokenizing the Strings. Question 111 String regex = \\.\\s*; means the regular expression is . Followed by a white space character s.

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Question 112 %d is printing integer values but Math.PI returns double so it throws NumberFormatException. Refer page no 489, 490 and 491 for information on formatting Question 113 For retrieving the next integer first we need to test with hasNextInt and then retrieve using the nextInt. If we are not checking with the hasNextInt it refers to the string only and throws parsing exception. Refer page no.s 477 and 489 for explanation on Scanner class. Question 114 A separate thread will be created only when we call start method on a thread object. So in the given options we are calling the start methods in D and F only. Question 115 Calling run method wont start a new thread and wont throw any error or exception, since calling run() is similar to calling any other method so it is treated as just calling run() method two times but it doesnt start the thread.Calling start() method makes the t.run(); t.run(); run . and then start calls run(); So the run() method will be executed three times and out put is runnungrunningrunning. Refer page no 682 for the explanation on run() method.

Question 116 Exception is created because t.start(); is called twice.So a runtime Exception is created. Refer Page 730 3rd point in the two minute drill(objective 4.1) Question 117 It is an example for anonymous inner class and it is following all the rules for a thread implementation that is creating a

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

thread object by passing Runnable reference, overriding the run() method and invoking the start method on the thread object. So the output is bar. Question 118 Run() method in the Thread t s anonymous class creation gets overridden and so Dog is the Right answer. Question 119 In the main method x which is initialized is not shown because it is a non static variable. As soon as new Starter().makeItSo(); is called. First the constructor is called. Here x=5; From here the start(); is made which calls the run(); Here x *= 2; Hence x=10 inside run Only now the method makeitso is called after the constructor and run(from start) method calls are completed. Here the x is x=x-1 So the answer is 9. Question 120 Here the target for the thread t is a new instance of the class thread2 which implements runnable.When t.start(); is invoked run is printed for sure and Runtime exception is caught and then End of method is also definitely printed.the order is decided by the JVM.

Question 121 Since we are declared main as the throws Exception it wont create any problem it compiles and runs successfully, so the out put is sleep after minimum of 3000 secs. If the main is not declared as throws Exception we need a try catch block since sleep method throws InterruptedException otherwise the compilation fails. Refer page no 693 and 694 for more information. Question 122 The possible results are

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

Started0123Completed and 0123StartedCompleted (Ofcourse other possibilities are Started123Completed,01StartedCompleted,012StartedComple ted) First output: Main thread (the thread which is executing the current program) executes first and prints Started but bcoz of join method it waits till thread completes so thread t will be executed and prints 0123 after t completed it joins with main thread now main thread continues and prints Completed. Second Output: t thread starts and prints 0123 and main thread prints Started and since Thread t is already completed, main thread continues and prints Completed.But the Completed will not be executed until t thread is completed bcoz of join. Refer page no 698 and 699 for explanation. Question 123 Main Thread Thread1 Thread2 First StartMain is called in the main thread Thread1 is executed start1 is printed. In Thread1 Delay(6000) is executed. Then first delay(1000) in the main thread is executed. Then 2nd delay(1000) in the main thread is executed. Then 3rd delay(1000) in the main thread is executed. Then EndMain from thread1 is executed End1 is printed from Thread1. Then Thread2 is executedstart2 is printed. In Thread2 Delay(2000) is executed. Then thread2 is interrupted in main(); t2.interrupt(); So Exception is created in Delay(2000) and caught and Error is printed. End2 is printed from Thread2. This took me one hour to decode properly with lot of modifications to trace the Thread.This is the way it should be traced.Hopefully I am right :-) . Question 124

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

The rule for synchronizing threads are keep instance variables private and method accessing them should be named public and synchronized keyword should be present. Question 125 The option is A & C. Compilers give different output mine gave me 0,0,2,2,4,4,6,6, What we have to figure out is 0, 2, 4, 4, 6, 8, 10, 6, In option A . Say one thread executes the loop and prints is 0, 2, 4, and pre-empts and then second thread uses that value 4 which was the latest and prints 4, 6, 8, 10. remember in this sum what we have to realize is only 8 numbers are printed and only in the ascending order. Then 6 is printed by the first thread. Option B: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14.This is when the x value is being increment until the loop is completed by thread one 0, 2, 4, 6 and then it continued to increment by 2nd threads loop 8, 10, 12, 14 Question 126 This is a tricky one.Option E is correct Because A,B,C should run thrice each once. Dont know about option G

Question 127 Unless a synchronized on the (This) is not made there wont be a lock on the current object accessed by the thread.Which means X can be changed randomly.So Option D is a must. Option A is a must because if we place the X inside a synchronized method it will be better to get the lock on the object. Question 128 The synchronized keyword can be applied in two ways..i.e for method and block. When it is applied to method there is no need to pass object and when it is applied to block we must pass the object on which object we want to get lock

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Abhijit.A.Nayak

KCT,Coimbatore

A)Incorrect bcoz we cannot apply synchronized keyword for any variables B)Incorrect bcoz we are not passing the object for the synchronized block D)Incorrect bcoz there is no need to pass object when we are applying it to method Question 129 Static variables should be accessed from static methods in order to be thread safe.option E is right. Question 130 doTransfer(r1, r2, 5); r1 = 5,r2=15 doTransfer(r2, r1, 2);r1= 7 r2= 13 doTransfer(r1, r2, 1); r1=6,r2=14 These are the 3 options which are the possible outputs but The code may deadlock (without completing) with no output is also correcting as a can be waiting for b and b can be waiting for a

Question 131 No syntax errors and exceptions, so follow the code to know the output Question 132 Wait and Notify should be applied for locking the object but not thread.Here we are passing the Thread but not the object . Correct examples are synchronized( this ) locks on the current object,synchronized(MyClass.class) locks on the MyClass object. But in this we are passing the Thread object. Note: A thread acquires the lock on object. Refer page nos 707,708,709 Question 133

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wait is applied on bar object so notify or notifyAll should be invoked on bar object, but there are so many threads so the better way is to use the notifyAll . So bar.notifyAll() is correct. Question 134 As the encapsulation rules A & D are correct. Refer page no.s: 82, 83 and 84 for encapsulation rules. Question 135 Here the string is public but the class is default . Since the class has package level access u can access the String only in the same package. Question 136 A is invalid since i++ is different from ++i so it changes the output. B is invalid since i=1; differs with i=0; when initialization and in output C is invalid since if it is private it cannot be accessed in Client class. D is the correct way which uses the autoboxing Integer i=0;In ++i it is unboxed and incremented. Refer page no.s 234 and 236 for information. Question 137 Base is having public modifier but the class is having default modifier, so the class can be accessed only within the package hence the variable base can be accessed in the same package. Refer Q. No : 21 for same example Question 138 A It is correct because p0=p1, Class B extends Class A. All that is in Class A can be accessed by Class B. BIt is wrong because Class C and Class B extend Class A. So there will be methods that are different in Class B & Class C which cannot be the same. CThe Return type of p4 is Class A but Return Type of p2 is Class C. They cannot be assigned together. DIt is wrong because p1 cant be cast to the type ClassB Ep1 can be assigned to a variable which is cast to ClassB because both can access only the Class Bs data.

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Abhijit.A.Nayak FSame as option E.

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Question 139 Animal animal = new Dog(); is a dog object which is of the type Animal.It can only access the Animal Methods, cat.makenoise(); cant be accessed because it is a dog object originally. Question 140 This is a simple but tricky overriding problem, All three are RaceCar() objects but refer to each of the classes. Hence all the methods have been overridden successfully. Refer Page 100,101 for examples Question 141 z.c1(); Class A does not have c1() method. y.c1(); technically it is correct. Y instance of class C can access Cs method.Dont know why it is marked wrong.probably because the question was different. All the other Examples are correct because of Simple overriding rules,Inheritence and Abstract methods,Classes. void y(); should have been declared in the interface. Question 143 [lines 24 and 25 are a.x(); a.y() ] When invoking a method with super class reference variable the method should be declared in super class otherwise it will be failed to compiles. ( Even though at run time it invokes the subclass method). Since here y method declared in B but it is not declared in interface A, so the compilers checks for that and the compilation fails. (If y() is declared in A then at runtime it invokes the y() method of class B only but at compile time it checks in A since we are used the reference variable of type A) Refer page no 100 (last para) for explanation. Question 144 Class E overrides bMethod{} even though a return cast type of Class D is present only the Overridden version of the Class E is exectuted.

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Abhijit.A.Nayak This is an Example of UpCasting Refer page 114.Dog,Beagle,Pet example on 115. Question 145

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Option A,E it is wrong because Class C does not Implement the InterfaceA. Other Options are correct Because Either ClassB or InterfaceA have declared/implemented the method public int getValue(); Question 146 It is a call from Subclasses constructor to Superclasses Overriden Construction(Anything which is other than NoArgument Constructor is Overridden). Question 147 Based on the class name the output: Base.FOO = foo (since it is static Base.FOO works) Sub.FOO = bar (same as above) b.FOO = Base.FOO = foo s.FOO = Sub.FOO = bar ((Base)s).FOO) = (Base).FOO = foo (If the FOO is not static then the last result is bar since the object is of type Sub). Question 148 A) final and abstract keywords cannot be applied at a time a method, since the abstract method must be overridden where as final not allows to override B) Since protected method is visible in any subclass of X it can be overridden in any subclass c) Static variables can be accessed from static as well as instance methods there is no such restriction D) A final method cannot be overridden in any subclass whether it is static or non static or public E)Since static variables are class variables we call a static method without creating an instance for that, just we can call it using the class name itself F) Once it is declared as private it is not visible in any of the subclasses so if we override the method it is not actually overriding, it is simply just new declaration.

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KCT,Coimbatore

G)Protected Member can be accessed through inheritance by a subclass even if the sub class is in a different package.so it is wrong.only default should be in the same package. Refer page no 99 for more information on Overriding Question 149 Are you confused with a long codedont worry just observe the addTopping method in line 3. It is final so it can be overridden in sub lass i.e in Pepperon1. So the compilation fails in line 8. Refer page no 40 for information on final methods. Question 150 The variable a is private in class Super so it is not accessible in class Sub and there is no default constructor in class Super. So we need to make the changes accordingly and they must be done independently.Options C and D are correct to change the code independently (if it is togetherthere are other options also correct). Refer questions 28 and 122 for similar example. Question 151 Since the methods are overridden , the execution of the method depends on the current object but not on the reference type and super.method invokes the super class method. So the execution of the statements is.. MultiCalc Line 8 MultiCalc Line 9 MultiCalc Line 10 MultiCalc Line 3 now multiply = 2 MultiCalc Line 4 MultiCalc Line 2 now value= 0 - 3 = -3 MultiCalc Line 5 SimpleCalc Line 3 value= -3 + 7 = 4 MultiCalc Line 6 value= 4*2 = 8 MultiCalc Line 11 Output value is 8 Question 152

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KCT,Coimbatore

To call or invoke other constructor in the same class we need to use the this() but not the class name. So the compilation fails. Question 153 This() calls the no argument constructor of the same class. So option a,b is ruled out. Super() without argument is wrong cause in superclass constructor has been overridden with an argument. So option C is wrong. Option F is wrong because wheelcount is private it is not inherited. Question 154 This is a simple question . Super() constructor and assigning the variable with this operator.

Question 155 Aoverriding Binvalid overriding COverloading (long argument) Dinvalid override return type cant be changed. EOverloading ( long argument) FOverloading GOverloading Question156 this.a +=5 makes class Bar integer a to be incremented to 13 Foo foo = new Bar(); is an object of type Bar but which refers to Foo. So in the print statement foo.a returns the Foos a which is 3. Question 157 super.multiply(a, b); here is wrong. Super(); or super(arguments) are correct superclass constructor calls . we cannot call the super classes methods using a constructor call method super(); so compilation error. Question 158

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KCT,Coimbatore

The code with compile because there is no error in the syntax. It is not a proper design of is-a Relationship cause we are extending from java.util.Linkedlist we are not overriding and cannot override any of the linkedlist methods,we are just using them.add(p); There no has-a relationship .Refer page number 92. By default inheritining java.util.Linkedlist also allows us to remove from the list. Question 159 Option ahas-a can be encapsulated. Option b has-a can be implemented using interfaces Indirectly Option Factress is not a movie

Question 160 Option CInterfaces can be used , not a must Option Dinheritance represents extends,implements which is is-a relationship

Question 161 BCat implements Jumper CDog extends Animal FTail tail; this is default access so Beagle can access the tail So Beagle has a tail GBeagle implements Jumper is a Question 162 A treeset is a sorted set by nature. Its output will be in ascending order.Order or insertion or latest access is not considered. Question 163 Poll() retrieves the head element and removes it from the queue.Peek() retrieves the element at the head of the queue but doesnt delete it .

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KCT,Coimbatore

Question 164 Since ws1 ans ws2 are user defined objects they refer to the different objects. But after creating s1, s1 will be placed in String pool, when s2 is created the JVM sees that same object is existing so s2 also refers to the s1 So s1 and s2 both are fully equal. As per the HasSet rules only one object will be taken the duplicate object will not be added. So in total 3 objects will exist in the list ws1,ws2,s1

Refer page no 562 for more information Question 165 The set variable contains only three elements from the coil collection, but the order is NOT guaranteed to be preserved.set s dont take in duplicates and the elements which are added inside are not in the same order.they are randomly inserted. Question 166 public int compareTo(Score other) {/*more code here*/} is correct because Comparable<Score> we should take an argument of the type youre sorting.Refer page 552. Question 167 add(0,object), is used by the list interface method Refer page 569.Random Access is used by Vector and ArrayList types of list. So option D is correct. Question 168 hashCode(), hashCode()/2 and hashCode()/2-age*3 all return same value for few of the

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KCT,Coimbatore

elements, but hashCode()+age*7 returns diff values so options B is correct. Try with example values for clarifications. Refer page no 533 for explanation on hashCode legal return values Question 169 Hashcode and equals should be overridden.Equals must take in an argument of type Object. Question 170 To the hashset during compilation wat matters is there should not be any duplicates.creating an different objects of type person and adding it to the set is allowed regardless of checking if the name is the same or not. The equals method does NOT properly override the Object.equals method.
Question 171 The equals method does NOT properly override the Object.equals method. The syntax of equals method is wrong, since equals takes Object as param but not the user defined object, so it throws compilation error. The correct syntax is public Boolean equals(Object o) Refer page no 526 for more information on equals method Question 172

Options C and E are correct as per the hashCode implications. Refer page no 534 and 530 for hashCode implications. Question 173 Option A is correct since both are always equals since it enum by default implements Comparable Refer page no 60 - 63 to know more about enums Question 174 Set cant take duplicates, so only one set.add(k1); set.add(k2); works. The size of the set now is 2 k2.i = 1; nothing affects the set cause k2 is not used in the next print statement

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KCT,Coimbatore

output is again 2 k1 is removed now k1 which is stored has a value of i=1 so it is checked using equals and also hashcode. And successfully removed output is one k2.i=1 makes sure that k2s i is not removed from the set collection because while equals method and hashcode method checks it equals return false and hashcode returns i=2 for k2. hence output is one. Option F is correct. Question 175 Option AGet(index) is used only by list Option Biterator is used by list and set. Option Cit is an method which returns an array containing the elements of the collection.but the return type is object not a collection. Object[] toArray(); (note there are no arguments in toArray();) Option D iterator is used by list and set. Option E it is an method which returns an array containing the elements of the collection.but the return type is collection. T[] toArray(T[]) Option Fiterator syntax wrong. Should be only (Iterator(return type)) iterator(); Question 176 B is not valid since the type is not specified.<?> means we cant add anything to the collection.it means anytype.refer page 595.what we are looking for here is of type object. C is not valid since the method return type is Object but we are receiving it to String without casting A is valid since we are passing legacy list to list and return types are same. D is valid since Specific type to legacy is allowed and return types are matching. E is valid since Specific type to legacy type is allowed and we are type casting

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Abhijit.A.Nayak the return value. Refer page no 576 for more information on mixing generics and legacy code. Question 177

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This is a simple example.inputs 0042 and retrives and prints it.If you dont know this please read Colletions again.Make sure you know add() method is used by set,list remove() used by all put() by map get() by list and map contains()list,set ContainsKey or ContainsValue() Map Iterator() Set,List These are the important interface methods refer to page 569. Question 178 Since with the generics implementation there is no need of explicit type conversion from wrappers to primitives line 14 And to make the code easy we can remove the complex for loop and can be replaced with the enhanced version. List<Integer> intList makes sure only Integer List is created. options A,C,F are enough to use generics. Question 179 Option A it is wrong because any list cant be assigned to The type List<A> Option BList<B> cant be assigned to List<A> cause <B> might have methods which A doesnt. it should always be List<A> a = b; where b = List <B> Option CList<Object> and List<?> when equated means the same. Option D Class D extends B so it can be assigned. Option EList<A> cant be assigned to anything like List<? Extends A> because that class which extends A will have extra methods,variable which Class A wont have.

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KCT,Coimbatore

Option FWrong it should be assigned only to List<Object> Option GList<? extends A> means Class B,C and List<? extends B> means Class D. so it can be assigned.

Question 180 D is correct because List<? super String> means any type that is a super class of String or of Type String. So it accepts objects too.

Question 181 Double forms 123.000 for option D and C .but for option A and C integer types are only passed in.Option A it is passed in as a string but it is mutually comparable as the collections dont see what has been stored it , it just checks if it follows the syntax. Question 182 If we use the "?" place holder it takes any type object but it not allows to add the objects to the list so the options A,B and E are wrong (since we are having add method). If we use C it allows all types of objects so it also not valid. If we use D it allows only the numeric type objects i.e Integer, Float, Double, Short ,Long and Byte (these are all the subclasses of Number class) If we use the F option it allows the Integer types i.e Integer, Short Long and Byte. Refer page no 592, 596 and 610 for more information on ? and ? extends Question 183 Hint 1 :generic class MinMax so all options are possible Hint 2:Type parameter of MinMAx all options are possible because type is E it should implement Comparable . Comparable is a Class not an interface that means E extends Comparable<E> so option B,D is ruled out From Option A & C

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KCT,Coimbatore

Put is used to add elements to the collections and the return type <E> may be normal.but look at the instance variables <E> E min . That is wrong . it should be of the form E min . Refer pages 598-602 for making our own generic class. Question 184 one.name= Coffee; two.name= Tea; these two lines makes sure that when they are added to the set what happens is compare(object o) return a zero with it and all the objects which are of type Drink are assumed to be the same so while iterating over the collection we get Coffee again n again. Question 185 reverseOrder(); method returns a Comparator that sorts the reverse of the collectionss current sort sequence. Its synyax is static Comparator reverseOrder(Comparator) Refer page 568 for the syntax. So the sort method takes the syntax which is shown below Static void sort(List, Comparator); So option D is correct. Question 186 Option B is correct because asList(T []) is the correct syntax.there must be an argument of the list.Refer page 568. Question 187 Searching an array or collection that is not sorted is a big gotcha.We can also use the comparator in either the sort or the search.Refer page 558. Question 188 The code is correct and when sorting spaces will come first then caps and then smalls so the output is C. Refer page no 556 and 557 for sorting information Question 189 C is right because Comparator when not used inside binarySearch() method we get an undefined answer.

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Abhijit.A.Nayak For other rules refer to question above this. Question 190

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Keyset() returns the keeps in a Map. In order to sort this we use option B because sort method in option A and C are used only with lists.not with maps. Option D is wrong because there is nothing called the Sortedset. TreeSet() by default is a sorted set. So that is the correct answer. Question 191 If ur not importing the package which u want to use for a method or a class the only way is to use the full name in this example the full name is packagename.classname.methodname i.e Utils.BitUtils.process(bytes); The option E seems to be correct but in the given question u can not use the import statement in the middle of the program. Refer Page no 769 Question 192 private static void process(byte[] b) { } in the BitUtil class so we cant access the process In the other package.so option F Question 193 String getText() is got a default access, so it cannot be inherited to other packages.only protected and public through inheritance. Question 194 Only if we make the consume() method public in salomon.java we can access it is griskly bear.option A is correct We need not use fully qualified name look at the code we are making an instance of the Saloman class so option D is correct.if we didnt make an instance we should ve picked option E Question 195

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KCT,Coimbatore

Static import is used here to use Twice method .Twice method is static and when we use the fully qualified name it can be accessed easily without typing much code. Refer static imports in chapter 10. Question 196 The line in 20 is treated as s= s+ (EASY++ + s); Since EASY is final it can not be incremented so it fails to compile. Question 197 The flow is correct. So option A Question 198 Args is an array. Arrays have the variable length.but strings have a method lenth(); So option B is correct Question 199 The current directory is /foo/ and we ve have used a fully qualified name henceforth we dont need a classpath. Hence option B Question 200 This question looks very deceptive and correct. Look carefully.dostuffX is not in main. We get an exception Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: main Thrown if an application tries to call a specified method of a class (either static or instance), and that class no longer has a definition of that method. Normally, this error is caught by the compiler; this error can only occur at run time if the definition of a class has incompatibly changed. Question 201 java Yippee

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Abhijit.A.Nayak no arguments passed nothing is printed. java Yippee 1234 for(int x = 1; x < args.length; x++) see this x starts with 1 args[] is zero based. So 234 is correct. Question 202 Same explanation as the previous one java Yippee a b c for(int x = 1; x < args.length; x++) see this x starts with 1 args[] is zero based so b , c Question 203 D,E follow the correct syntax. See page 764. Question 204 A is correct because it follows the current syntax. Question 205

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It is a general flow for the program. It seems the modifyDesc is modifying the desc of it (in lines 6,7,8) but actually it is creating a new object which is local to that method and assigning the desc to the item desc. So the output is GobStopper FizzyLifting. Question 206 When the object is created the constructor assigns the value 42 to id.But in line 14 using the method we are trying to modify the value so it throws fails to compile since final variable cannot be modified. this.id in line 13 and id in line both refers to the id declared in line 12, (since we are having one more local variable in the constructor with the same name we are referred it using this in line 13).

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Abhijit.A.Nayak Question 207

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Substitute the options in the questions and write down the flow u will get the correct options as B,C,F. Question 208 The flow is Foo foo = new Foo( 300); 300 Foo fooFoo = fooBar( foo); 100 foo = fooBar( fooFoo); 100 Question 209 Since intObj is added to the numbers objects, it is in use by the numbers object till line 18. So it is becomes candidate for garbage collection in line 19 only ( it is not used by any thing) ( See the numbers object is declared inside the method the scope of thatobject is inside that method only so outside the method it is not accessible, and intObj life is inside the for loop only but it is in use with numbers object so it is not eligible for garbage collection there in line 17th or 18th ) Refer page no 248 for similar example Question 210 This is the direct way to request garbage collector for garbage collection .For garbage collection we can use System.gc() or Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime(); rt.gc(); Refer page no 251 and 252 for more information Question 211 On line 22,snooch and booch are created with the help of snoog.when snoog is referenced to null,the snooch and booch are useless here after.They are not referenced by snoog and they left on the heap without any purpose.so they are eligible for the garbage collection. Question 212 5. Object o = new Object();

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KCT,Coimbatore

6. doSomethingElse(o); Here new object is created and passed to the line 6. 7.o = new Object(); here again new object is created and refered to variable oof type Object . 8. doSomethingElse(null); Now when null is passed through then the object o on line 5 will be refered to null. Not the new object created on line 7. Hence on line 8,object o on line 5 becomes available for garbage collection. Question 213 Refer page 253 on finalize() method. For any given object,finalize() will be called only once (atmost) by the garbage collector. Calling finalise() can actually result in saving an object from deletion. Question 214 The correct syntax for using jar file with class path is java/javaC -cp JarName.jar ClassName.java so from this we get option C & F to be correct. And inorder to type the command :java games.cards.Poker

SEE THE IMAGE IN THE NEXT PAGE. Now we have to move the Poker.jar to the stuff/java only then we can access like java cp /stuff/java games.cards.Poker. This is the correct way to do it. Option is C.

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KCT,Coimbatore

Question 215 This question is very easy.just jolt down the path names and the fully qualified names to classes and draw directories , the option is jar A. Question 216 By default the compiler will search for the directory tree named jre/lib/ext.The jar files hold all the locations to the file and Book can access paper from the jar file. So option B is correct. Option D is correct because it follows the correct command which includes the classpath environment variable/foo/myLib.jar.

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KCT,Coimbatore

Option E is wrong because syntax for using jar file in classpath is wrong. Option C is wrong because environment variable is placed wrongly. Option A is wrong because the complier does not search there by default. Option F is wrong because d is used which is originally used for telling the compiler to put the class files in a particular directory. Option G is correct because Jar file is placed in /foo/myLib.jar this has access to Paper.java Classpath environment variable is also /foo/myLib.jar and the file to be compiled is Book.java. Question 217 OptionA It is wrong because

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Abhijit.A.Nayak If we run mainclass from apps/ It cant access the mainclass

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Option B is correct because com.company.application.MainClass can be accessed from apps Option C is correct because java -classpath /apps com.company.application.MainClass if run from any directory,we are directly accessing the mainclass. Option D is wrong because it can search for directories inside application as well if that has a MainClass then there will be name collision. Option E is wrong because we are searching from /apps/com/company/application and t he current directory which is /apps. Option F is wrong because com.company.application.MainClass doesnt exist from application directory . check the figure above. Question 218 The class file chess must be either in the subdirectories of the test or Jar file inside test:/home/bob/downloads/*.jar games.Chess
When the classpath environment variable in the command has been invoked nothing shows up .so it should be in the test folder somewhere.so test folder is in either option A or option C . After that even I dont know the logic sorry. Question 219

Since str is receiving the value null and we are applying the length() method on the null object it throw NullPointerException.. Question 220 In line 13 usage of if condition is wrong (it is correct in c/c++). In java if condition takes only boolean expression it may be boolean value or an expression which results in

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KCT,Coimbatore

Boolean. So the compilation fails.Refer page no 320 321 and 322 for more information Question 221 I2 is a type Integer(wrapper class). but startingI is an primitive integer.so the == test fails Their values are equal because equals classes take only object inside. So it is true. Question 222 It refers to a cup but it is an object of poison cup Cup cup = new PoisonCup(); see this. Question 223 Simple example for conditional operator. Since elements.length >0, the Condition becomes true and the elements[0] is assigned to first. Question 224 if (value || (setting && title == Hello)) is wrong . value is an integer ,title is a string . ALL THE BEST !

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