S1 Mean and Standard Deviation Histograms

Examination style A running club records the number of kilometres, x, to the nearest kilometre, run in training by all of its 90 members. The results are summarised as follows: x = 2430 x2 = 67050. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the number of kilometres run by members in the club in training. A new member applies to join the club and she has run kilometres in training. b) Explain how the mean and standard deviation will be affected if she were to join the club. Jan 2001 The following grouped frequency distribution summarises the number of minutes, to the nearest minute, that a random sample of 200 motorists were delayed by roadworks on a stretch of motorway. Delays (mins) 46 78 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 - 20 Number of motorists 15 28 49 53 30 15 10

a) Using graph paper represent these data by a histogram. b) Give a reason to justify the use of a histogram to represent these data. c) Use interpolation to estimate the median of this distribution. d) Calculate an estimate of the mean and an estimate of the standard deviation of these data. One coefficient of the skewness is given by e) Evaluate this coefficient for the above data. f) Explain why the normal distribution may not be suitable to model the number of minutes that motorists are delayed by these roadworks. 3(mean median) standard deviation

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June 2001 Each of 25 students on a computer course recorded the number of minutes x, to the nearest minute spent surfing the internet during a given day. The results are x = 1075, x2 =46 625. a) Find and for these data. Two other students surfed the internet on the same day for 35 and 51 minutes respectively. b) Without further calculation, explain the effect on the mean of including these two students. January 2002 A meteorologist measured the number of hours of sunshine, to the nearest hour, each day for 100 days. The results are summarised in the table below. Hours of sunshine 1 24 56 7 8 9 11 12 Days 16 32 28 12 9 2 1

a) On graph paper draw a histogram to represent these data. b) Calculate an estimate of the number of days that had between 6 and 9 hours of sunshine. January 2003 qu 1 The total amount of time a secretary spent on the telephone in a working day was recorded to the nearest minute. The data collected over 40 days are summarised in the table below. Time (mins) 90139 140149 150159 160169 4 170179 4 180229 4 [4]

No. of days 8 10 10 Draw a histogram to illustrate these data June 2003 qu 1

In a particular week, a dentist treats 100 patients. The length of time, to the nearest minute, for each patients treatment is summarised in the table below.

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Time (minutes) Number of patients

47

9 10

11

12 16

17 20

12

20

18

22

15

13

Draw a histogram to illustrate these data.

(5)

June 2003 qu 6 The number of bags of potato crisps sold per day in a bar was recorded over a two-week period. The results are shown below. 20, 15, 10, 30, 33, 40, 5, 11, 13, 20, 25, 42, 31, 17 (a) Calculate the mean of these data. (2) (b) Draw a stem and leaf diagram to represent these data. (3) (c) Find the median and the quartiles of these data. (3) An outlier is an observation that falls either 1.5 (interquartile range) above the upper quartile or 1.5 (interquartile range) below the lower quartile. (d) Determine whether or not any items of data are outliers. (3) (e) On graph paper draw a box plot to represent these data. Show your scale clearly.(3) (f) Comment on the skewness of the distribution of bags of crisps sold per day. Justify your answer. (2) November 2003 qu 6 A travel agent sells holidays from his shop. The price, in , of 15 holidays sold on a particular day are shown below. 299 350 99 1050 169 2100 2315 1015 689 999 650 550 485 830 475

For these data, find (a) the mean and the standard deviation, (b) the median and the inter-quartile range.

(3) (4)

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An outlier is an observation that falls either more than 1.5 (inter-quartile range) above the upper quartile or more than 1.5 (inter-quartile range) below the lower quartile. (c) Determine if any of the prices are outliers. (3) The travel agent also sells holidays from a website on the Internet. On the same day, he recorded the price, x, of each of 20 holidays sold on the website. The cheapest holiday sold was 98, the most expensive was 2400 and the quartiles of these data were 305, 1379 and 1805. There were no outliers. (d) On graph paper, and using the same scale, draw box plots for the holidays sold in the shop and the holidays sold on the website. (4) (e) Compare and contrast sales from the shop and sales from the website. (2)

January 2004 qu 5 The values of daily sales, to the nearest , taken at a newsagents last year are summarised in the table below. Sales 1 200 201 400 401 700 701 1000 1001 1500 Number of days 166 100 59 30 5

(a) Draw a histogram to represent these data. (5) (b) Use interpolation to estimate the median and inter-quartile range of daily sales. (5) (c) Estimate the mean and the standard deviation of these data. The newsagent wants to compare last years sales with other years. (d) State whether the newsagent should use the median and the inter-quartile range or the mean and the standard deviation to compare daily sales. Give a reason for your answer. (2) (6)

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S1 Probability Tree Diagrams Venn Diagrams Examination Style In a particular co-educational school 55% of the pupils are girls and 45% are boys. During a games afternoon 65% of the pupils play tennis whilst the remainder are engaged in other activities. A pupil is selected at random, find the probability that: the pupil is a girl who plays tennis a) the pupil is a boy who does not play tennis b) the pupil is a girl given that the pupil plays tennis. Specimen For any married couple who are members of a tennis club, the probability that the husband has a degree is 3/5 and the probability that the wife has a degree is . The probability that the husband has a degree, given that the wife has a degree is 11/12. A married couple is chosen at random. a) Show that the probability that both of them have degrees is 11/24. b) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the data.
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Find the probability that: c) only one of them has a degree d) neither of them has a degree. Two married couples are chosen at random. e) Find the probability that only one of the two husbands and only one of the two wives has degrees. Mock A keen fit enthusiast swims, runs or cycles each day with probabilities 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 respectively. If he swims he then spends time in the sauna with probability 0.35. The probabilities that he spends time in the sauna after running or cycling are 0.2 and 0.45 respectively. f) Represent this data on a tree diagram. g) Find the probability that on any particular day he uses the sauna. h) Given that he uses the sauna one day, find the probability that he had been swimming. i) Given that he did not use the sauna one day, find the probability that he had been swimming. January 2001 The employees of a company are classified as management, administration or production. The following table shows the number employed in each category and whether or not they live close to the company or some distance away. Management Administration Production Live close 6 25 45 Live some distance away 14 10 25

An employee is chosen at random. Find the probability that this employee a) is an administrator, b) lives close to the company, given that the employee is a manager. Of the managers, 90% are married, as are 60% of the administrators and 80% of the production employees. c) Construct a tree diagram containing all the probabilities. d) Find the probability that an employee chosen at random is married. An employee is selected at random and found to be married. e) Find the probability that this employee is in production. June 2001 A market researcher asked 100 adults which of the three newspapers A, B, C they read. The results showed that 30 read A, 26 read B, 21 read C, 5 read both A and B, 7 read both B and C, 6 read both C and A and 2 read all three. a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent these data. One of the adults is then selected at random. Find the probability that she reads b) at least one of the newspapers, c) only A,
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d) only one of the newspapers,

e) A given that she reads only one newspaper.

January 2002 A contractor bids for two building projects. He estimates that the probability of winning the first project is 0.5, the probability of winning the second is 0.3 and the probability of winning both projects is 0.2. a) Find the probability that he does not win either project. b) Find the probability that he wins exactly one project. c) Given that he does not win the first project, find the probability that he wins the second. d) By calculation, determine whether or not winning the first contract and winning the second contract are independent events. January 2003 qu 2 A car dealer offers purchasers a three year warranty on a new car. He sells two models, the Zippy and the Nifty. For the first 50 cars sold of each model the number of claims under the warranty is shown in the table below. Claim Zippy Nifty 35 40 No claim 15 10

One of the purchasers is chosen at random. Let A be the event that no claim is made by the purchaser under the warranty and B the event that the car purchased is a Nifty. (a) Find P(A B). [2] (b) Find P( A ). [2] Given that the purchaser chosen does not make a claim under the warranty, (c) find the probability that the car purchased is a Zippy. [2] (d) Show that making a claim is not independent of the make of the car purchased. Comment on this result. [3]

November 2003 qu 4 Explain what you understand by (a) a sample space, (b) an event. Two events A and B are independent, such that P(A) = Find (c) P(A B),
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(1) (1)
1 1 and P(B) = . 3 4

(1)

(d)

P(AB),

(2)

(e)

P(A B).

(2)

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January 2004 qu 4 The events A and B are such that P(A) = (a) (i) (b) (i)
2 1 4 , P(B) = and P(AB ) = . 5 2 5

Find P(A B), (ii) P(A B), (iii) P(A B), (iv) State, with a reason, whether or not A and B are mutually exclusive, (2) (ii) independent. (2)

P(AB ). (7)

January 2004 qu 6 One of the objectives of a computer game is to collect keys. There are three stages to the game. The probability of collecting a key at the first stage is third stage is (a) (b) (c ) (d) (5)
1 . 4 2 1 , at the second stage is , and at the 3 2

Draw a tree diagram to represent the 3 stages of the game. (4) Find the probability of collecting all 3 keys. (2) Find the probability of collecting exactly one key in a game. (5) Calculate the probability that keys are not collected on at least 2 successive stages in a game.

S1 Normal Distribution
Examination Style Steel bolts of circular cross section are to be produced. The lengths of the bolts have to lie between 64.5 and 65.4 mm, and their diameters have to be between 5.5 and 6.0 mm. A machine produces these bolts so that their lengths are normally distributed with a mean of 65.4 mm and a standard deviation of 0.5 mm
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and their diameters are independently normally distributed about a mean of 5.7mm with standard deviation . a) If 1000 bolts are made, how many bolts will not be within the specified limits? b) If 50 bolts have a diameter greater than 6.0 mm, what is the value of ? Specimen A group of students believes that the time taken to travel to college, T minutes, can be assumed to be normally distributed. Within the college 5% of students take at least 55 minutes to travel to college and 0.1% take less than 10 minutes. Find the mean and standard deviation of T. Mock The weight of coffee in glass jars labelled 100g is normally distributed with mean 101 .80g and standard deviation 0.72g. The weight of an empty jar is normally distributed with mean 260 .00g and standard deviation 5.45g. The weight of a glass jar is independent of the weight of coffee it contains. Find the probability that a randomly selected jar weighs less than 266g and contains less than 100g of coffee. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. January 2001 A random variable X is normally distributed with mean 177.0 and standard deviation 6.4. a) Find P(166 X 185). It is suggested that X might be a suitable random variable to model the height, in cm, of adult males. b) Give two reasons why this is a sensible suggestion. c) Explain briefly why mathematical models can help to improve our understanding of real-world problems. June 2001 The continuous random variable Y is normally distributed with mean 100 and variance 256.

a) Find P(Y < 80).

b) Find k such that P(100 k Y 100 + k) = 0.516.

Jan 2002 The duration of the pregnancy of a certain breed of cow is normally distributed with mean days and standard deviation days. Only 2.5% of all pregnancies are shorter than 235 days and 15% are longer than 286 days. a) Show that 235 = 1.96. b) Obtain a second equation in and . c) Find the value of and the value of .

d) Find the values between which the middle 68.3% of pregnancies lie.

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January 2003 qu 3 A drinks machine dispenses coffee into cups. A sign on the machine indicates that each cup contains 50 ml of coffee. The machine actually dispenses a mean amount of 55 ml per cup and 10% of the cups contain less than the amount stated on the sign. Assuming that the amount of coffee dispensed into each cup is normally distributed find (a) the standard deviation of the amount of coffee dispensed per cup in ml, [4] (b) the percentage of cups that contain more than 61 ml. [3] Following complaints, the owners of the machine make adjustments. Only 2.5% of cups now contain less than 50 ml. The standard deviation of the amount dispensed is reduced to 3 ml. Assuming that the amount of coffee dispensed is still normally distributed, (c) find the new mean amount of coffee per cup. [4] June 2003 qu 2

The lifetimes of batteries used for a computer game have a mean of 12 hours and a standard deviation of 3 hours. Battery lifetimes may be assumed to be normally distributed. Find the lifetime, t hours, of a battery such that 1 battery in 5 will have a lifetime longer than t. (6) November 2003 qu 3 Cooking sauces are sold in jars containing a stated weight of 500 g of sauce The jars are filled by a machine. The actual weight of sauce in each jar is normally distributed with mean 505 g and standard deviation 10 g. (a) (i) Find the probability of a jar containing less than the stated weight. (ii) In a box of 30 jars, find the expected number of jars containing less than the stated weight. (5) The mean weight of sauce is changed so that 1% of the jars contain less than the stated weight. The standard deviation stays the same. (b) Find the new mean weight of sauce. (4) January 2004 qu 2 The random variable X is normally distributed with mean and variance 2. (a) Write down 3 properties of the distribution of X. Given that = 27 and 2 = 1. (b) find P(26 < X < 28).

(3) (4)

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S1 Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Regression Line

Examination Style A group of children sat a Mathematics test and a Verbal Reasoning test. Their results are as follows, where x represents their Mathematics score and y their Verbal Reasoning score. x y 21 39 4 30 12 22 15 28 11 25 13 37 17 20 29 45 15 32 15 34

a) Calculate the value of the product-moment correlation coefficient, r, between x and y. ( You may use x2 = 2696 y2 = 10288 xy = 5014) A school uses both of these tests to assess new pupils when they join. A parent governor has suggested that asking the pupils to do two tests is too much and the school should consider using just one test. In response to this suggestion the headmaster said that the school would like to keep both tests as they measure different abilities. b) Assess the headmasters comment in the light of the calculation in part a). Over a period of time a publishing house records the sales, y thousand, of 10 similar textbooks, and the amount, x hundred, spent on advertising each book. The following table shows the data for the 10 books. x y 0.75 2.00 3.90 5.35 1.65 3.00 1.60 2.40 4.40 5.95 3.05 4.50 3.55 4.60 2.65 3.65 0.45 1.30 2.00 3.25

a) Find the equation of the regression line of y on x, giving the coefficients to 2 decimal places. (You may use x2 = 73.5450; y2 149.7700; xy = 104.1475 ) b) Give an interpretation of the coefficients in your equation. c) Estimate the number of textbooks sold if the publisher spends 375 on advertising. For asset of novels, the publisher found the sales and advertising to be related by the equation (y 3.6) = 0.25(x 2.4) c) Rewrite the equation of the regression line in a) in the form (y y) = m(x x) and compare the effect of advertising on the sales of textbooks and novels. Specimen A drilling machine can run at various speeds, but in general the higher the speed the sooner the drill needs to be replaced. Over several months, 15 pairs of observations relating to speed, s revolutions per minute, and life of drill, h hours, are collected. For convenience the data are coded so that x = s 20 and y = h 100 and the following summations obtained. x = 143,
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y = 391,

x2 = 2413,

y2 = 22441 and xy = 484.

a) Find the equation of the regression line of h on s.

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b) Interpret the slope of your regression line. c) Estimate the life of a drill revolving at 30 revolutions per minute. Mock To test the heating of tyre material, tyres are run on a test rig at chosen speeds under given conditions of load, pressure and surrounding temperature. The following table gives values of x the test rig speed in miles per hour (mph), and the temperature, y oC, generated in the shoulder of the tyre for a particular tyre material. x (mph) y oC 15 53 20 55 25 63 30 65 35 78 40 83 45 91 50 101

a) Draw a scatter diagram to represent these data. b) Give a reason to support the fitting of a regression line of the form y = a + bx through these points. (You may use x2 = 9500, y2 = 45483, xy = 20615 ) d) Give an interpretation for each of a and b. e) Use your line to estimate the temperature at 50 mph and explain why this estimate differs from the value given in the table. A tyre specialist wants to estimate the temperature of this tyre material at 12 mph and 85 mph. f) Explain briefly whether or not you would recommend the specialist to use this regression equation to obtain these estimates. January 2001 A local authority is investigating the cost of reconditioning its incinerators. Data from 10 randomly chosen incinerators were collected. The variables monitored were the operating time x ( in thousands of hours) since last reconditioning and the reconditioning cost y (in 1000). None of the incinerators had been used for more than 3000 hours since last reconditioning. The data are summarised below, x = 15.0, x2 = 65.68, y = 50.0 y2 = 260.48 xy = 130.64. a) Find Sxx, Sxy, Syy. b) Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient between x and y. c) Explain why this value might support the fitting of a linear regression model of the form y = a + bx. d) Find the values of aand b. e) Give an interpretation of a. f) Estimate i) the reconditioning cost for an operating time of 2400 hours, ii) the financial effect of an increase of 1500 hours in operating time.
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g) Suggest why the authority might be cautious about making a prediction of the reconditioning cost of an incinerator which had been operating for 4500 hours since its last reconditioning. June 2001 On a particular day in summer 1993 at 0800 hours the height above sea level, x metres, and the temperature, y oC, were recorded in 10 Mediterranean towns. The following summary statistics were calculated from the results. x = 7300, a) Find Sxx. b) Calculate, to 3 significant figures, the product moment correlation coefficient between x and y. c) Give an interpretation of your coefficient. A music teacher monitored the sight-reading ability of one of her pupils over a 10 week period. At the end of each week, the pupil was given a new piece to sight-read and the teacher noted the number of errors y. She also recorded the number of hours x that the pupil had practised each week. The data are shown in the table below. x y 12 8 15 4 7 13 11 8 1 18 8 12 4 15 6 14 9 12 3 16 x2 = 6 599 600, Sxy = 13 060, Syy = 140.9.

a) Plot these data on a scatter diagram. b) Find the equation of the regression line of y on x in the form y = a + bx. (You may use x2 = 746, xy = 749.) Give an interpretation of the slope and the intercept of your regression line. d) State whether or not you think the regression model is reasonable i) for the range of x-values given in the table, ii) for all possible x-values. In each case justify your answer either by giving a reason for accepting the model or by suggesting an alternative model. January 2003 qu 6 The chief executive of Rex cars wants to investigate the relationship between the number of new car sales and the amount of money spent on advertising. She collects data from company records on the number of new car sales, c, and the cost of advertising each year, p (000). The data are shown in the table below. Year 1990
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Number of new car sale, c 4240

Cost of advertising (000), p 120

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1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

4380 4420 4440 4430 4520 4590 4660 4700 4790

126 132 134 137 144 148 150 153 158

1 (a) Using the coding x = (p 100) and y = 10 (c 4000), draw a scatter diagram to represent these data. Explain why x is the explanatory variable. [5] (b) Find the equation of the least squares regression line of y on x. [Use x = 402, y = 517, x2 = 17 538 and xy = 22 611.] [7] (c) Deduce the equation of the least squares regression line of c on p in the form c = a + bp. [3] (d) Interpret the value of a. [2]

(e) Predict the number of extra new cars sales for an increase of 2000 in advertising budget. Comment on the validity of your answer. [2 January 2002 A number of people were asked to guess the calorific content of 10 foods. The mean s of the guesses for each food and the true calorific content t are given in the table below. Food Packet of biscuits 1 potato 1 apple Crisp breads Chocolate bar 1 slice white bread 1 slice brown bread Portion of beef curry Portion of rice pudding Half a pint of milk
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t 170 90 80 10 260 75 60 270 165 160

s 420 160 110 70 360 135 115 350 390 200

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[You may assume that t = 1340, t2 = 694 650.]

s = 2310,

ts = 396 775,

t2 = 246 050,

a) Draw a scatter diagram, indicating clearly which is the explanatory (independent) and which is the response (dependent) variable. b) Calculate, to 3 significant figures, the product moment correlation coefficient for the above data. c) State, with a reason, whether or not the value of the product moment correlation coefficient changes if all the guesses are 50 calories higher than the values in the table. The mean of the guesses for the portion of rice pudding and for the packet of biscuits are outside the linear relation of the other foods. d) Find the equation of the regression line of s on t excluding the values for rice pudding and biscuits. [You may now assume that Sts = 72 587.5, Stt = 63 671.875, t = 125.625, s = 187.5.] e) Draw the regression line on your scatter diagram. f) State, with a reason, what the effect would be on the regression line of including the values for a portion of rice pudding and a packet of biscuits. June 2003 qu 3 A company owns two petrol stations P and Q along a main road. Total daily sales in the same week for P (p) and for Q (q) are summarised in the table below. p Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday When these data are coded using x = 4760 5395 5840 4650 5365 4990 4365
p 4365 q 4340 and , 100 100

q 5380 4460 4640 5450 4340 5550 5840

x = 48.1, y = 52.8, x2 = 486.44, y2 = 613.22 and xy = 204.95. (a) Calculate Sxy, Sxx and Syy.
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(4)

(b) Calculate, to 3 significant figures, the value of the product moment correlation coefficient between x and y. (3) (c) (i) Write down the value of the product moment correlation coefficient between p and q. (ii) Give an interpretation of this value. (3)
June 2003 qu 7

Eight students took tests in mathematics and physics. The marks for each student are given in the table below where m represents the mathematics mark and p the physics mark. Student A m Mark p 11 23 21 15 19 10 31 26 9 B 14 C 13 D 10 E 7 F 8 G 20 H 17

A science teacher believes that students marks in physics depend upon their mathematical ability. The teacher decides to investigate this relationship using the test marks. (a) Write down which is the explanatory variable in this investigation. (1) (b) Draw a scatter diagram to illustrate these data. (3) (c) Showing your working, find the equation of the regression line of p on m. (8) (d) Draw the regression line on your scatter diagram. (2) A ninth student was absent for the physics test, but she sat the mathematics test and scored 15. (e) Using this model, estimate the mark she would have scored in the physics test. (2) November 2003 qu 1 A company wants to pay its employees according to their performance at work. The performance score x and the annual salary, y in 100s, for a random sample of 10 of its employees for last year were recorded. The results are shown in the table below. x y 15 216 40 384 27 234 39 399 27 226 15 132 20 175 30 316 19 187 24 196

[You may assume xy = 69 798, x = 7 266] (a) Draw a scatter diagram to represent these data. (4) (b) Calculate exact values of Sxy and Sxx. (4) (c) (i) Calculate the equation of the regression line of y on x, in the form y = a + bx.
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Give the values of a and b to 3 significant figures. (ii) Draw this line on your scatter diagram.

(5)

(d) Interpret the gradient of the regression line. (1) The company decides to use this regression model to determine future salaries. (e) Find the proposed annual salary for an employee who has a performance score of 35. (2) January 2004 qu 1 An office has the heating switched on at 7.00 a.m. each morning. On a particular day, the temperature of the office, t C, was recorded m minutes after 7.00 a.m. The results are shown in the table below. m (a) 0 10 20 30 13.5 40 15.3 50 16.1 (4)

t 6.0 8.9 11.8 Calculate the exact values of Smt and Smm.

(b) Calculate the equation of the regression line of t on m in the form t = a + bm. (3) (c) Use your equation to estimate the value of t at 7.35 a.m. (2) (d) State, giving a reason, whether or not you would use the regression equation in ( b) to estimate the temperature (i) at 9.00 a.m. that day, (ii) at 7.15 a.m. one month later. (4)

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S1 Stem and Leaf Box Plots

Examination Style A firm of accountants recorded the time, x minutes, to the nearest minute, taken to check the accounts of their clients. The values of x below are those records for a sample of 45 clients. 37 51 55 36 32 i) ii) iii) 33 31 42 42 34 36 47 30 46 43 31 40 34 34 46 31 40 41 38 34 36 50 41 33 34 31 43 30 42 56 30 41 51 37 32 45 46 36 39 30

a) For these data: construct a stem and leaf diagram find the medians and quartiles draw a box plot.

b) Write down which of the mode, median and mean you would prefer to use as a representative for these data. Justify your choice. c) Would you consider any of the values of x to be outliers? Give a reason. Specimen The distances, in km, travelled to school by the teachers in two schools in the same town are summarised in the back-to-back stem and leaf diagrams below School A 3 2 6 1 6 2 5 3 3 0 0 0 4 2 2 9 3 4 3 2 2 1 9 1 8 1 4 3 2 2 4 4 6 1 4 5 1 7 0 7 0 8 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 3 5 0 7 0 5 0 5 0 4 7 0 7 0 5 1 6 1 1 7 1 6 1 8 2 8 2 6 1 9 2 8 2 7 3 3 9 3 7 3 9 4 8 4 8 4 9 9 School B 4 3 2 6 7 7 10 8 4 2 0 0 1

Key: 7|2|5 means 27 in School A and 25 in School B The three quartiles for school A are 12, 22 and 32 respectively.
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a) Find the three quartiles for school B. b) On graph paper, draw a box plot to represent the data for school A. Outliers are defined to be outside the limits Q 1 1.5(Q3 Q1) and Q3 + 1.5(Q3 Q1). c) Using the same scale draw a box plot for school B. d) Compare and contrast the two box plots. Mock A botany student counted the number of daisies in each of 42 1 m by 1 m in a large field. The results are summarised in the following stem and leaf diagram. Number of daisies 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 1 5 0 5 0 6 1 2 5 0 5 0 6 3 2 6 1 6 1 7 3 7 3 7 2 8 4 8 3 9 4 8 4 9 3 9 4 1|1 means 11 4 9 3 9 4 7 7 8 7 6 5 2

a) Write down the modal value of these data. b) Find the median and the quartiles of these data. c) On graph paper and showing your scale clearly, draw a box plot to represent these data. d) Comment on the skewness of this distribution. The student moved to another field and collected similar data from that field. e) Comment on how the student might summarise both sets of raw data before drawing box plots. January 2001 The students in a class were each asked to write down how many CDs they owned. The student with the least number of CDs had 14 and all but one of the others owned 60 or fewer. The remaining student owned 65. The quartiles for the class were 30, 34 and 42 respectively. Outliers are defined to be any values outside the limits of 1 .5(Q3 Q1) below the lower quartile or above the upper quartile. On graph paper draw a box plot to represent these data, indicating clearly any outliers June 2001 Three swimmers Alan, Diane and Gopal record the number of lengths of the swimming pool they swim during each practice session over several weeks. The stem and leaf diagram below shows the results for Alan. Lengths 2 2 0 5
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2 1 5 2 6 2 7 7 8 9
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means

20 4 7

3 3 4 4 5

0 5 0 5 0

1 6 1 5 0

2 6 3 6 0

2 7 3 6

4 9 3 6 3 7 3 7 4 8 4 8 4 9 9 9

5 5 10 12 3

a) Find the three quartiles for Alans results.

The table below summarises the results for Diane and Gopal. Diane Smallest value Lower quartile Median Upper quartile Largest value 35 37 42 53 65 Gopal 25 34 42 50 57

b) Using the same scale and on the same sheet of graph paper draw box plots to represent the data for Alan, Diane and Gopal. c) Compare and contrast the three box plots. January 2002 Hospital records show the number of babies born in a year. The number of babies delivered by 15 male doctors is summarised by the stem and leaf diagram below.
Babies 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 9 1 2 5 1 0 6 2 7 3 7 4 8 4 5 Means 45 Totals 0 1 4 5 1 1 1 0 2

a) Find the median and the inter-quartile range of these data. b) Given that there are no outliers, draw a box plot on graph paper to represent these data. Start your scale at the origin. c) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of these data.
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The records also contain the number of babies delivered by 10 female doctors. 34 32 30 26 20 19 15 11 6 4

The quartiles are 11, 19.5 and 30. d) Using the same scales as in part b) and on the same piece of graph paper draw a box plot for the data for the female doctors. Compare and contrast the box plots for the data for female and male doctors. January 2003 qu 4 A restaurant owner is concerned about the amount of time customers have to wait before being served. He collects data on the waiting times, to the nearest minute, of 20 customers. These data are listed below. (a) Find the median and inter-quartile range of the waiting times. [5] An outlier is an observation that falls either 1.5 (inter-quartile range) above the upper quartile or 1.5 (inter-quartile range) below the lower quartile. (b) Draw a boxplot to represent these data, clearly indicating any outliers. [7] c) Find the mean of these data. [2]

(d) Comment on the skewness of these data. Justify your answer. Discrete Random Variables (Probability Distributions) Specimen The discrete random variable X has probability function P(X = x) = kx 0 a) Show that k = 1/15 Find the value of Mock b) E(2X + 3) c) Var(2X 4) x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 otherwise

[2]

A customer wishes to withdraw money from a cash machine. To do this it is necessary to type a PIN number into the machine. The customer is unsure of this number. if the wrong number is typed in, the customer can try again up to a maximum of four attempts in total. Attempts to type in the correct number are independent and the probability of success at each attempt is 0.6. a) Show that the probability that the customer types in the correct number at the third attempt is 0.096. The random variable A represents the number of attempts made to type in the correct PIN number, regardless of whether or not the attempt is successful. b) Find the probability distribution of A. c) Calculate the probability that the customer types in the correct number in four or fewer attempts. d) Calculate E(A) and Var(A). e) Find F(1 + E(A)).
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January 2001 A fair die is rolled. The random variable Y represents the score on the uppermost face. a) Write down the probability function of Y. B) state the name of the distribution of Y. Find the value of June 2001 The discrete random variable X has the probability function shown in the table below. x P(X = x) Find a) 2 0.1 1 0 0.3 1 0.2 2 0.1 3 0.1 d) E(3X + 4) e) Var(2X + 3). c) E(6Y + 2) d) Var(4Y 2).

b) P(1 < X < 2)

c) F(0.4)

January 2002 A discrete random variable X has the probability function shown in the table below. x P(X = x) 0 1/3 1 a 2 2/3 a

a) Given that E(X) = 5/6 find a. c) Find the exact value of Var(X). c) Find the exact value of P(X 1.5). January 2003 qu 5 The discrete random variable X has probability function

P(X = x) =

k(2 x), x = 0, 1, 2, k(x 2), x = 3, 0, otherwise,

where k is a positive constant. (a) Show that k = 0.25. (b) Find E(X) and show that E(X 2) = 2.5. (c) Find Var(3X 2). Two independent observations X1 and X2 are made of X. (d) Show that P(X1 + X2 = 5) = 0. (e) Find the complete probability function for X1 + X2. (f) Find P(1.3 X1 + X2 3.2). June 2003 qu 4
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[2] [4] [3]

[1] [3] [3]

The discrete random variable X has probability function

k ( x 2 9), P(X = x) = 0, x = 4, 5, 6 otherwise,

where k is a positive constant. (a) Show that k =

1 . 50

(3) (6) (2)

(b) Find E(X) and Var(X). (c) Find Var(2X 3).

June 2003 Qu 5 The random variable X represents the number on the uppermost face when a fair die is thrown. (a) Write down the name of the probability distribution of X. (b) Calculate the mean and the variance of X. Three fair dice are thrown and the numbers on the uppermost faces are recorded. (1) (3)

(c) Find the probability that all three numbers are 6. (2) (d) Write down all the different ways of scoring a total of 16 when the three numbers are added together. (4) (e) Find the probability of scoring a total of 16. (2) November 2003 qu 2 A fairground game involves trying to hit a moving target with a gunshot. A round consists of up to 3 shots. Ten points are scored if a player hits the target, but the round is over if the player misses. Linda has a constant probability of 0.6 of hitting the target and shots are independent of one another. (a) Find the probability that Linda scores 30 points in a round. (2) The random variable X is the number of points Linda scores in a round. (b) Find the probability distribution of X. (5) (c) Find the mean and the standard deviation of X. (5) A game consists of 2 rounds. (d) Find the probability that Linda scores more points in round 2 than in round 1. (6) November 2003 qu 5 The random variable X has the discrete uniform distribution P(X = x) = Given that E(X) = 5, (a) show that n = 9. Find (b) P(X < 7), (2) January 2004 qu 3 A discrete random variable X has the probability function shown in the table below.
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1 , n

x = 1, 2, ..., n. (3)

(c )

Var (X).

(4)

x P(X = x) Find (a) P(1 < X 3), (d) E(2X 3),

0
1 3

1
1 2

2
1 12

3
1 12

(2) (2)

(b) (e )

F(2.6), Var(X)

(1) (c) (3)

E(X),

(2)

Definitions Specimen a) Explain what you understand by a statistical model. b) Write down a random variable which could be modelled by: i) a discrete uniform distribution ii) a normal distribution. January 2002 a) Explain briefly what you understand by i) a statistical experiment, ii) an event. b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of a statistical model.
Paper Reference(s)

6683

Edexcel GCE
Statistics S1 Advanced/Advanced Subsidiary
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Friday 11 June 2004 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials required for examination Answer Book (AB16) Graph Paper (ASG2) Mathematical Formulae (Lilac) Items included with question papers Nil

Candidates may use any calculator EXCEPT those with the facility for symbolic algebra, differentiation and/or integration. Thus candidates may NOT use calculators such as the Texas Instruments TI 89, TI 92, Casio CFX 9970G, Hewlett Packard HP 48G.

Instructions to Candidates In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the examining body (Edexcel), your centre number, candidate number, the unit title (Statistics S1), the paper reference (6683), your surname, other name and signature. Values from the statistical tables should be quoted in full. When a calculator is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate degree of accuracy. Information for Candidates A booklet Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables is provided. Full marks may be obtained for answers to ALL questions. This paper has six questions. Advice to Candidates You must ensure that your answers to parts of questions are clearly labelled. You must show sufficient working to make your methods clear to the Examiner. Answers without working may gain no credit.

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1.

A fair die has six faces numbered 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 and 3. The die is rolled twice and the number showing on the uppermost face is recorded each time. Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers recorded is at least 5. (5)

2.

A researcher thinks there is a link between a person's height and level of confidence. She measured the height h, to the nearest cm, of a random sample of 9 people. She also devised a test to measure the level of confidence c of each person. The data are shown in the table below. h c 179 569 169 561 187 579 166 561 162 540 193 598 161 542 177 565 168 573

[You may use h2 = 272 094, c2 = 2 878 966, hc = 884 484] (a) Draw a scatter diagram to illustrate these data. (4) (b) Find exact values of Shc Shh and Scc. (4) (c) Calculate the value of the product moment correlation coefficient for these data. (3) (d) Give an interpretation of your correlation coefficient. (1) (e) Calculate the equation of the regression line of c on h in the form c = a + bh. (3) (f) Estimate the level of confidence of a person of height 180 cm. (2) (g) State the range of values of h for which estimates of c are reliable. (1)

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3.

A discrete random variable X has a probability function as shown in the table below, where a and b are constants. x P(X = x) Given that E(X) = 1.7, (a) find the value of a and the value of b. (5) Find (b) P(0 < X < 1.5), (1) (c) E(2X 3). (2) (d) Show that Var(X) = 1.41. (3) (e) Evaluate Var(2X 3). (2) 0 0.2 1 0.3 2 b 3 a

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4.

The attendance at college of a group of 18 students was recorded for a 4-week period. The number of students actually attending each of 16 classes are shown below. 18 16 18 15 (a) 18 17 14 17 17 16 17 18 17 18 18 16

(i) Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the number of students attending these classes. (ii) Express the mean as a percentage of the 18 students in the group. (5)

In the same 4-week period, the attendance of a different group of 20, students is shown below. 20 15 18 16 16 14 15 18 18 14 16 15 19 15 17 14 (5) (c) Find the mode, median and inter-quartile range for each group of students. (6) The mean percentage attendance and standard deviation for the second group of students are 81.25 and 1.82 respectively. (d) Compare and contrast the attendance of these 2 groups of students. (3)

(b) Construct a back-to-back stem and leaf diagram to represent the attendance in both groups.

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5.

A health club lets members use, on each visit, its facilities for as long as they wish. The clubs records suggest that the length of a visit can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 90 minutes. Only 20% of members stay for more than 125 minutes. (a) Find the standard deviation of the normal distribution. (4) (b) Find the probability that a visit lasts less than 25 minutes. (3) The club introduce a closing time of 10:00 pm. Tara arrives at the club at 8:00 pm. (c) Explain whether or not this normal distribution is still a suitable model for the length of her visit. (2)

6.

Three events A, B and C are defined in the sample space S. The events A and B are mutually exclusive and A and C are independent. (a) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships between the 3 events and the sample space. (3) Given that P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A C) = 0.7, find (b) P(AC), (2) (c) P(A B), (2) (d) P(C). (4)

END

Statistics S1 Advanced/Advanced Subsidiary

Tuesday 2 November 2004 Morning
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Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials required for examination Answer Book (AB16) Graph Paper (ASG2) Mathematical Formulae (Lilac) Items included with question papers Nil

Candidates may use any calculator EXCEPT those with the facility for symbolic algebra, differentiation and/or integration. Thus candidates may NOT use calculators such as the Texas Instruments TI 89, TI 92, Casio CFX 9970G, Hewlett Packard HP 48G. Instructions to Candidates In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the examining body (Edexcel), your centre number, candidate number, the unit title (Statistics S1), the paper reference (6683), your surname, other name and signature. Values from the statistical tables should be quoted in full. When a calculator is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate degree of accuracy. Information for Candidates A booklet Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables is provided. Full marks may be obtained for answers to ALL questions. This paper has seven questions. Advice to Candidates You must ensure that your answers to parts of questions are clearly labelled. You must show sufficient working to make your methods clear to the Examiner. Answers without working may gain no credit.

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1.

As part of their job, taxi drivers record the number of miles they travel each day. A random sample of the mileages recorded by taxi drivers Keith and Asif are summarised in the back-toback stem and leaf diagram below. Totals (9) (11) (6) (6) (4) (2) (2) (1) (2) Key: 0 18 4 9 8 7 7 9 9 8 7 6 Keith 4 5 8 9 3 4 7 4 2 3 4 3 6 1 3 2 1 4 1 1 2 0 1 2 7 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 9 3 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 4 5 0 2 1 1 2 4 4 7 2 3 1 1 4 5 8 2 5 2 3 8 Asif 7 9 4 6 4 4 9 9 4 6 5 6 8 7 5 6 9 8 7 8 Totals (4) (5) (6) (7) (7) (8) (4) (1) (0)

means 180 for Keith and 184 for Asif

The quartiles for these two distributions are summarised in the table below. Keith 191 b 221 Asif a 218 c

Lower quartile Median Upper quartile

(a) Find the values of a, b and c. (3) Outliers are values that lie outside the limits Q1 1.5(Q3 Q1) and Q3 + 1.5(Q3 Q1). (b) On graph paper, and showing your scale clearly, draw a box plot to represent Keiths data. (8) (c) Comment on the skewness of the two distributions.
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2.

An experiment carried out by a student yielded pairs of (x, y) observations such that

x = 36,

y = 28.6, Sxx = 4402, Sxy = 3477.6

(a) Calculate the equation of the regression line of y on x in the form y = a + bx. Give your values of a and b to 2 decimal places. (3) (b) Find the value of y when x = 45. (1) 3. The random variable X N(, 2). It is known that P(X 66) = 0.0359 and P(X 81) = 0.1151. (a) In the space below, give a clearly labelled sketch to represent these probabilities on a Normal curve. (1) (b) (i) Show that the value of is 5. (ii) Find the value of . (8) (c) Find P(69 X 83). (3) 4. The discrete random variable X has probability function
0.2, P(X = x) = , 0.1, x = 3, 2, x = 1, 0 x =1, 2.

Find (a) , (2) (b) P(1 X < 2), (1) (c) F(0.6), (1) (d) the value of a such that E(aX + 3) = 1.2,
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(4) (e) Var(X), (4) (f) Var(3X 2). (2)

1 2 1 3

5.

The events A and B are such that P(A) =

, P(B) =

and P(A B) =

1 4

(a) Using the space below, represent these probabilities in a Venn diagram. (4) Hence, or otherwise, find (b) P(A B), (1) (c) P(A B) (2)

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6. Students in Mr Brawns exercise class have to do press-ups and sit-ups. The number of press-ups x and the number of sit-ups y done by a random sample of 8 students are summarised below. x = 272, y = 320, (a) Evaluate Sxx, Syy and Sxy. (4) (b) Calculate, to 3 decimal places, the product moment correlation coefficient between x and y. (3) (c) Give an interpretation of your coefficient. (2) (d) Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the number of press-ups done by these students. (4) Mr Brawn assumes that the number of press-ups that can be done by any student can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation . Assuming that and take the same values as those calculated in part (d), (e) find the value of a such that P( a < X < + a) = 0.95. (3) (f) Comment on Mr Brawns assumption of normality. (2) 7. A college organised a fun run. The times, to the nearest minute, of a random sample of 100 students who took part are summarised in the table below. Time 4044 4547 48 4951 5255 5660 Number of students 10 15 23 21 16 15 x2 = 10 164, y2 = 13 464. xy = 11 222,

(a) Give a reason to support the use of a histogram to represent these data. (1) (b) Write down the upper class boundary and the lower class boundary of the class 40 44. (1) (c) On graph paper, draw a histogram to represent these data.
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(4)

END

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