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(A) Based On Ideal and Real Fluid Flows: Figure 1.1 Rheological Diagram

This document discusses different types of fluids and their rheological properties. It begins by describing an ideal fluid as one that is nonviscous and incompressible. It then categorizes fluids as Newtonian or non-Newtonian based on whether shear stress is directly proportional to rate of shear. Several types of non-Newtonian fluids are defined including pseudoplastic, dilatant, and Bingham plastic fluids. Engineering fluids like air and water often behave as Newtonian fluids, while others like crude oil exhibit non-Newtonian properties.

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63 views3 pages

(A) Based On Ideal and Real Fluid Flows: Figure 1.1 Rheological Diagram

This document discusses different types of fluids and their rheological properties. It begins by describing an ideal fluid as one that is nonviscous and incompressible. It then categorizes fluids as Newtonian or non-Newtonian based on whether shear stress is directly proportional to rate of shear. Several types of non-Newtonian fluids are defined including pseudoplastic, dilatant, and Bingham plastic fluids. Engineering fluids like air and water often behave as Newtonian fluids, while others like crude oil exhibit non-Newtonian properties.

Uploaded by

venky364
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

(a) Based on Ideal and Real fluid flows


For purpose of analysis, the assumption is frequently made that a fluid is nonviscous. With zero viscosity the shear stress is always zero, regardless of the motion of the fluid. If the fluid is also considered to be incompressible, it is then called an ideal fluid and plots as the ordinate in Fig.1.1.

Yield stress

Shear stress

Figure 1.1 Rheological diagram

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

RHEOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FLUIDS


NON NEWTONIAN FLUIDS NEWTONIAN FLUIDS =

du dy

du dy

Purely Viscous Fluids Time Independent Pseudoplastic Fluids n du = , n <1 Time Dependant Thixotrophic fluids Visco elastic Fluids Visco-elastic Fluids

Air, water and many other engineering fluids behave as Newtonian fluids under normal circumstances

dy

du = + f ( t ), f ( t ) dy
decreasing . Crude oils, bentonitic drilling fluid.

du + E dy

Fine particle suspensions Dilatant Fluids n du = , n >1 dy Ultrafine irregular particle suspensions Ideal Plastics or Bingham Fluids

where E is the modulus of elasticity. Liquid solid combinations in pipe flow and polymerised fluids with drag-reduction features.

Rheopectic Fluids n du = + f ( t ), f ( t ) increasing dy Rare liquid-solid suspensions

du = 0 + dy

Water suspensions of clay and fly ash

b'

c'

U u

t a d

y x

Fig. 1.2 Deformation resulting from application of constant shear force

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Classification of Fluids on the basis of Density and Viscosity


Type of Fluid
Ideal fluid Incompressible fluid Inviscid fluid Real fluid Newtonian fluid Non-Newtonian fluid Perfect gas

Density
Constant Constant Constant or variable variable Constant or variable Constant or variable

Viscosity
zero non-zero zero non-zero du = dy

P = RT

du dy zero or non-zero

Negative Pressure

Negative Pressure

Negative Pressure

Positive Pressure

Positive Pressure

Positive Pressure

(a) Ideal flow

(b) Small Reynolds number

(c) High Reynolds number

Pressure distribution around a cylinder

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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