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    Rubber in Shear Report

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    ميسرة
    This document describes an experiment to determine the modulus of rigidity and Poisson's ratio of rubber. Rubber was bonded to aluminum plates and subjected to increasing loads from 10N to 120N while its deflection was measured using a dial gauge. The load and deflection measurements were plotted and the slope of the line was used to calculate the modulus of rigidity. The calculated value had an error of 4.5% compared to the true value. Sources of error included zero errors in the dial gauge and environmental factors affecting the rubber's properties.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rubber in Shear Report

    Uploaded by

    ميسرة
    10K views5 pages
    This document describes an experiment to determine the modulus of rigidity and Poisson's ratio of rubber. Rubber was bonded to aluminum plates and subjected to increasing loads from 10N to 120N while its deflection was measured using a dial gauge. The load and deflection measurements were plotted and the slope of the line was used to calculate the modulus of rigidity. The calculated value had an error of 4.5% compared to the true value. Sources of error included zero errors in the dial gauge and environmental factors affecting the rubber's properties.

    Original Description:

    Rubber in Shear Report

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document describes an experiment to determine the modulus of rigidity and Poisson's ratio of rubber. Rubber was bonded to aluminum plates and subjected to increasing loads from 10N to 120N while its deflection was measured using a dial gauge. The load and deflection measurements were plotted and the slope of the line was used to calculate the modulus of rigidity. The calculated value had an error of 4.5% compared to the true value. Sources of error included zero errors in the dial gauge and environmental factors affecting the rubber's properties.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10K views5 pages

    Rubber in Shear Report

    Uploaded by

    ميسرة
    This document describes an experiment to determine the modulus of rigidity and Poisson's ratio of rubber. Rubber was bonded to aluminum plates and subjected to increasing loads from 10N to 120N while its deflection was measured using a dial gauge. The load and deflection measurements were plotted and the slope of the line was used to calculate the modulus of rigidity. The calculated value had an error of 4.5% compared to the true value. Sources of error included zero errors in the dial gauge and environmental factors affecting the rubber's properties.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that the experiment aims to determine the modulus of rigidity and Poisson's ratio of rubber by applying loads and measuring the corresponding deformations. It relates shear stress to shear strain.

    The experiment aims to determine the variations of deflection with applied load and investigate the relationship between shear stress and shear strain. It also aims to determine the modulus of rigidity and Poisson ratio.

    The equipment used includes a rubber block bonded to two aluminum alloy plates, with one plate pinned to the wall. A weight hanger is used to apply loads and a dial gauge measures the deformations in the rubber block.

    1

    1. Introduction:

    Modulus of Rigidity or (Shear Modulus) which relates the components of the shearing
    Stress and shearing strain, is the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing force. It is
    defined as "the ratio of shear stress to the displacement per unit sample length (shear
    strain)".















    Rubber, there is two type of it. The nature rubber which formed naturally as a bark of
    a tree , and industrial rubber _which will be used in this report_ which used in wide
    range as a vibrations resistant in cars, engines ,and other machines and it do this by
    absorbing shock energy by deforming , This deformation leads to a decrease in cross-
    section as the block lengthens. An effect described by Poisson's Ratio.
    Poissons ratio mean that when a material is stretched in one direction it tends to
    become thinner in other two directions.




    2. Objective:
    Measure the shear deformation of the block.
    To determine the variations of deflection with applied load.
    To investigate the relationship between shear stress and shear strain.
    Determination of Modulus of Rigidity and Poisson Ratio.
    FIG (1): Shear stress and Shear strain

    2

    Become familiar with Modulus of Rigidity, and its experiment.

    3. Equipment:
    A rubber block 150 x 75 x 25 mm is bonded to two aluminum alloy plates. One of the
    plates is pined to wall. And there is a weight hanger (which have the load). And a dial
    gauge to indicate the deformations in rubber block. See Fig (2) and there is some
    blocks used to apply forces. See Fig (3)

















    4. Procedure:

    1. At first, adjust the dial gauge to zero reading. To avoid Zero error.
    2. Put a weights, start from 10 N to 120 N, in 10 N increments.
    3. After each 10 N write down the reading of the dial gauge (which represent the
    deformation of the rubber block), until the travel of the gauge is exceeded.
    4. Record the reading in table (1).
    5. Plot the results, and calculate the Modulus of Rigidity G.



    FIG (3): Loads
    FIG (2): The Rubber Block

    3

    5. Results:











    At first place draw the relationship between load and deformation, and then draw
    good and suit straight line through the points.
    These are the mathematical equations,

    6 =
    Scor Strcss
    Scor Stroin
    =

    (HoJulus o RigiJity)

    z =
    IooJ
    Arco
    =
    w
    A
    =
    w
    S7Su
    (sheai stiess)

    (RcoJion) =
    75


    b
    (Strain angle)

    And the practical method equation,

    ) / (
    1
    3750
    75
    8
    75
    3750
    2
    mm N
    gradient graph
    W
    G
    Load
    (N)
    Dial Gauge Reading
    (mm)
    Deflection
    (mm)
    0
    0 0
    10
    0.32 0.38
    20
    0.74 0.81
    30
    1.16 1.16
    40
    1.60 1.60
    50
    2.01 2.01
    60
    2.38 2.45
    70
    2.82 2.86
    80
    3.22 3.26
    90
    3.62 3.63
    100
    3.91 4.06
    110
    4.36 4.42
    120
    4.78 4.85
    Table (1): Recorded Readings

    4



    W =75 mm, A = 150 mm * 25 mm = 3750 mm
    2

    Slope = Graph Gradient = 24.44, W

    True Value = 0.46 MPA

    G =
    SIopcw
    A

    G =24.44*77/3750= 0.48 MPA
    Error =
    0.46-0.48
    0.46
    1uu% = 4.S48 %

    6. Comments and Recommendations:

    Errors founded and may be affected on a results in the experiment due to many
    reasons listed below:
    1. Zero error: If the dial gauges reading isnt zero at zero load.
    2. Human error: if the experimenter red the dial gauge and calculate incorrectly.
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    120
    140
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6
    L
    o
    a
    d
    s

    (

    N

    )
    Deflection (mm)
    Load & Deflection
    Series1
    Y = 24.44x + 0.3403
    Table (2): Load & Deflection Chart

    5

    3. Environmental error: environment affects in rubber block properties, which
    mean that the reading of dial gauge which represent the deflection in rubber
    block depends on the temperature of the lab.
    It is recommended to make sure that there is no zero error, and do this experiment on
    other materials, and take in your account the environmental conditions

    7. References:

    1. Books:

    Beer, Ferdinand and other, Mechanics of Materials, 6
    th
    edition, Mc Graw Hill,
    2012.

    2. Websites:

    http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/modulus-rigidity-d_946.html
    http://eng.najah.edu/apparatus/2265
    http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/poissons-ratio-d_1224.html

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