Here are some of the many theories of education.

They include Social theories Liberalism Conservatism Liberation Pedagogy Capitol T Truths Love God Curricular Theories Essentialism Perennialism Progressivism Learning Theories Behaviourism Cognitivism Constructivism Pragmatism Social Theories Liberalism protects individual freedoms. 1. Humans- good by nature 2. Society can always improve Input on Education 1. Student need to explore/ study their rights 2. Students should learn to improve society 3. Teachers need the freedom to determine what goes on in their classroom 4. schools need to study current issues Criticisms 1. The focus on the future means we will forget the past 2. If everyone is free to do what they think is necessary, it implies that everyone is right.

Conservatism This theory has a strong emphasis on keeping society running. This theory said that society will continue to evolve but it needs to be pushed in the right direction, it needs to be lead to evolve the way it should, so to speak. This theory opposes liberalism because it believes all humans are evil by nature and will do what they want, hurting others. This theory says that you must continue to pass down traditions and morals, heritage is good to continue. Schools teach values in school, teaches care, knowledge, and skills, and it they raise the standards of people in society by putting them on the right track. Liberation Pedagogy There is no human nature Social structures Main point Education should focus on exposing social structures 1. Miseducation of what schools should be talking about - Social and historical realities - Marginalize certain groups 2. Focus should be on critical thinking - Correctly it is on the baking information 3. Teaching is not neutral - Share opinions in your lesson Arguments 1. Empowering Tells people they matter. They are made aware of the importance of groups. 2. Emphasis on critical thinking Criticism 1. This will lead to destruction of society - It is critical of what is. Get rid of structure! 2. It forces people to be what they may not what to be`

Capitol T Truths: Love An intense emotion in which one cares for someone/thing and has an infatuation with that personal thing. 1. Love is not found, it finds you 2. You know when you experience it 3. Love exists in the minds of everyone 4. Love matters because it has a significant impact on peoples actions God A higher being than mankind. God is a being with powers beyond human ability. God is the creator. 1. Church, miracles, Education & studies. Dreams 2. When the impossible happens 3. Everywhere & Nowhere
4. God matters because it has a significant impact on peoples actions.

Curricular Theories Essentialism Focus on fundamental skills - Knowledge all people need This allows students to be prepared to go into the world Focus 1. Communication and logical thinking 2. Pass on social intellectual bridge 3. Make valuable members of society 4. Emphasize intellectual and moral standards 5. Standard tests 6. Creativity is not essential Purpose: Skills for workforce STEM Healthcare. Provides return of investment Arguments: This provides what we need in society Requires fundamental skills focus

Perennialism Purpose: Develop humans or human beings - Improve humans rational ability - Requires insight from great thinkers Main points - All people have a common nature so everyone should study the same things - Search for universal truths - Learn from the best learn from the classics - Focus on present and specialization Implantation for curriculum - Study from great works - Skills are required foundation - Specific sentence Perennialism is the Great books tradition that includes classic works and traditional Liberal Arts General Idea: -Well minded people -Emphasize classics -> perennial texts -Basic leading to generalization -> not specialization Arguments in favor 1. We need to be able to develop critical and communication skills to deal with problems that is what you are learning. 2. These are the problems human kind always asks Arguments against1. Dead white man curriculum -> Ethnocentric 2. Claim we can find truth but there may be no truth Start with what students interest -Find ways to bring in subjects related to that topic. -group students > collaboration> key to improve society Goals- Develop/improve society- gradual -Get students interest -Learn basics -Learn to work with others *Focus not on subjects/content or search for truth

Progressivism **Goal is to learn how to learn** - Let students express own ideas - Remove formal structures of education Key points: -Students express own ideas -Remove formal structures -Learn by doing -Collaborate by learning -No predetermined knowledge skills -Develop whole person Implementations: -The Set curriculum -Teachers role is to be a facilitator Arguments for: -Focus is on solving problems need this in society -Education should be learner central: -Teacher is not the source of knowledge -Interest of learners -Focus on letting the students make their own decisions and formulate their own answers Criticisms: -Where are traditional skills, knowledge? -Relativist view a truth No real truth, no one is right answer (then everyone is correct ) Depends on the situation. Learning Theories Schools are supposed to get students to learn What educators actually have a say in. Behaviorism (Operant) Exhibit action/behavior under specified conditions = Learning. -Prompt > Persons response> Reinforced. *Make a plan to teach someone Serve a volleyball so its playable Learning is about observable behaviors (Not about mental state activities) Prompt > Response > Reinforcement Key: Behavior- This is how you describe learning and what to learn No need or rational for relying on accounts of mental states Knowing, learning is being able to exhibit a specific behavior in an appropriate context Argument: -Feel account for teaching automatic behaviors -Easy to justify claim that learning has occurred -Explains learning as something that is visible (not hidden in the mind)

Problems: -Discounts mental aspects of learning -Applying learning outside of learning environment -Difficult to explain how to learn complex actions -How to explain abstract concepts in terms of behaviorism Cognitivism Reactions to behaviorism -> want to say learning has an important component Mental schemes - Patterns, strategies to organize information - Acquire these via feedback - Like behaviorism, but it is mental Points Reaction to behaviorism, Learning is mental, See value in terms of feedback - Learning is acquisition of mental schemes for handling information - Requires feedback to develop workable schemes similar for all people - Acquire the organization structures Information processing Modes: input/sensory data Short term working memory Long term memory - There is a progression form less to more sophisticated Arguments: - Fits with what we think learning is - Best account for understanding how we learn to process information or learn procedures - Account for why people dont learn at the same time developmentally not ready Problem: - Theory claims people cant learn until a certain stage of development - Cant tell if people have the schemas or can learn

Constructivism- Idea that learning is social This theory is a way of learning through cognitive schemas by feedback. This theory fits with what is going on inside students heads. It is used to recall facts in a set up process. It can account for why people can not learn something specific and then they can learn it later on. Keys 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Take in and organize information that is learning This is mental but it is constructive learning Organization is personal Social component Connection to world that determines whether structure is given

Arguments 1. Emphasize the idea that learning is an ongoing process 2. Center/ Focus on the learner as key in learning process Criticism 1. Not all learning is social 2. No way to be sure what learn is connected to reality Pragmatism- student centered learning Basic 1. 2. 3. 4. Scientific method Social setting Problem inquiry based Learn throughout discovery **Learning is viewed as mental. It is the method that is taught. Arguments 1. Student centered it is focused on people doing the learning they solve the problem. 2. More than facts - Learning is not just information but ability to find solutions. 3. Learning is ongoing - This is a method used in any context it describes what is done and is a process that continues. Problems 1. Facts Learning how do you set up a problem to learn youre A,B,Cs 2. Time (discouraging) This takes time, has a lot of failure discouraging 3. Alternative solutions There can be multiple right solutions 4. There is no easy way at assessing learning ***Why does it matter for educators to consider which learning theory best describes what it means to say a person learns X? Need to understand how people learn