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Web Technology Lab Manual

The document describes experiments to be conducted in a Web Technology laboratory. It includes 9 experiments covering topics such as: 1. Creating a web page with an image map and hot spots to display information about different cities. 2. Creating a web page using different Cascading Style Sheet types and properties. 3. Validating web forms using client-side scripts. 4. Creating Java applets and servlets. 5. Developing three-tier applications using JSP and databases. 6. Programs using XML, XSLT, and AJAX. 7. Implementing a scenario using web services and databases where a travel agent searches for an airline.

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Geetha Parthiban
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2K views

Web Technology Lab Manual

The document describes experiments to be conducted in a Web Technology laboratory. It includes 9 experiments covering topics such as: 1. Creating a web page with an image map and hot spots to display information about different cities. 2. Creating a web page using different Cascading Style Sheet types and properties. 3. Validating web forms using client-side scripts. 4. Creating Java applets and servlets. 5. Developing three-tier applications using JSP and databases. 6. Programs using XML, XSLT, and AJAX. 7. Implementing a scenario using web services and databases where a travel agent searches for an airline.

Uploaded by

Geetha Parthiban
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

IT2357

WEB TECHNOLOGY LAB


LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Create a web page with the following using HTML i) To embed an image map in a web page ii) To fix the hot spots iii) Show all the related information when the hot spots are clicked. 2. Create a web page with all types of Cascading style sheets. 3. Client Side Scripts for Validating Web Form Controls using DHTML 4. Write programs in Java to create applets incorporating the following features: Create a color palette with matrix of buttons Set background and foreground of the control text area by selecting a color from color palette. In order to select Foreground or background use check box control as radio buttons To set background images 5. Write programs in Java using Servlets: To invoke servlets from HTML forms To invoke servlets from Applets 6. Write programs in Java to create three-tier applications using JSP and Databases For conducting on-line examination. For displaying student mark list. Assume that student information is available in a database which has been stored in a database server. 7. Programs using XML Schema XSLT/XSL 8. Programs using AJAX 9. Consider a case where we have two web Services- an airline service and a travel agent and the travel agent is searching for an airline. Implement this scenario using Web Services and Data base.

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IT2357 WEB TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY


EX. NO TITLE HTML 1 Web page creation using Hot Spots DHTML 2 Web Page creation using Cascading style sheets

3 4

Client Side Scripts for Validating Web Form Controls Color Palette creation using Java SERVLETS

5.1 Invokation of Servlets from HTML forms 5.2 Invokation of Servlets from Applets Three-tier application creation using JSP and Databases 6.1 For conducting on-line examination 6.2 For displaying student mark list Programs using XML Schema XSLT/XSL WEB SERVICES AND DATA BASE

Programs using AJAX Web Services and Data Base. 9.1 An Airline Service 9.2 A Travel Agent

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Ex.No1
AIM

Web page creation using Hot Spots


To Create a web page with the following using HTML i) To embed an image map in a web page ii) To fix the hot spots iii) Show all the related information when the hot spots are clicked.

ALGORITHM
1. Using MS Paint Draw India map and save the map file. c. KOLKATTA d. CHENNAI 2. Draw Hot spots for a. DELHI b. MUMBAI 4. SYNTAX 1: Creating Hot Spots <MAP NAME = Map Name> <AREA SHAPE = Shape Name COORDS = x1,y1,x2,y2 </MAP> SHAPE can be Rect, Circle, Polygon and Default A Rectangle takes four coordinates: x1,y2,x2,y2 A Circle takes three coordinates: centerX, centerY and Radius A Polygon takes three or more pairs of coordinates denoting a polygonal region A Default shape will not take any parameter and it indicates the portion of the image not specified under any Area tag. HREF = HTML File Name indicates the name of the html file to be linked

3. Show detailed information about the cities when the Hot Spots are clicked.

5. SYNTAX 2: Calling map using HTML program 6. <IMG SRC = Picture file USEMAP = #Map Name>

PROGRAM ImageMap.html <HTML> <HEAD>


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<TITLE>Image Map</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY><img src="india_map.jpg" usemap="#metroid" ismap="ismap" >

<map name="metroid" id="metroid"> <area href='TamilNadu.html' shape='circle' coords='175,495,30' title='TamilNadu'/> <area href = "Karnataka.html" shape = "rect" coords = "100,400,150,450" title = "Karnataka" /> <area href = "AndhraPradesh.html" shape = "poly" coords = "150, 415, 175,348,265,360,190,420,190,440" title = "Andhra Pradesh" /> <area href = "Kerala.html" shape = "poly" coords = "108,455,150,515,115,490,148,495,110,448,155,501" title = "Kerala" /> </map> </BODY> </HTML>

TamilNadu.html

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>About Tamil Nadu</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER><H1>Tamil Nadu</H1></CENTER> <HR>
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<UL> <LI>Area : 1,30,058 Sq. Kms.</LI> <LI>Capital : Chennai</LI> <LI>Language : Tamil</LI> <LI>Population : 6,21,10,839</LI> </UL><hr> <a href='ImageMap.html'>India Map</a> </BODY> </HTML>

Karnataka.html

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>About Karnataka</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER><H1>Karnataka</H1></CENTER> <HR> <UL> <LI>Area : 1,91,791 Sq. Kms</LI> <LI>Capital : Bangalore</LI> <LI>Language : Kannada</LI> <LI>Population : 5,27,33,958</LI>

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</UL> <hr> <a href='ImageMap.html'>India Map</a> </BODY> </HTML>

AndhraPradesh.html

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>About Andhra Pradesh</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER><H1>Andhra Pradesh</H1></CENTER> <HR> <UL> <LI>Area : 2,75,068 Sq. Kms</LI> <LI>Capital : Hyderabad</LI> <LI>Language : Telugu</LI> <LI>Population : 7,57,27,541</LI> </UL><hr> <a href='ImageMap.html'>India Map</a> </BODY> </HTML>

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Kerala.html

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>About Kerala</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER><H1>Kerala</H1></CENTER> <HR> <UL> <LI>Area : 38,863 Sq. Kms.</LI> <LI>Capital : Thiruvananthapuram</LI> <LI>Language : Malayalam</LI> <LI>Population : 3,18,38,619</LI> </UL><hr> <a href='ImageMap.html'>India Map</a> </BODY> </HTML>

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OUTPUT

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RESULT

The web page is designed and developed using HTML

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Ex.No 2
AIM:

Web Page creation using Cascading style sheets

To create a web page with all types of Cascading style sheets


CASCADING STYLE SHEETS: DHTML is a new and emerging technology that has evolved to meet the increasing demand for eye-catching and mind-catching web sites. DHTML combines HTML with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and Scripting Languages. HTML specifies a web pages elements like table, frame, paragraph, bulleted list, etc. CSS can be used to determine an elements size, color, position and a number of other features. Scripting Languages (JavaScript and VBScript) can be used to manipulate the web pages elements so that styles assigned to them can change in response to a users input. The combined technology of HTML and CSS becomes DHTML. Similarly the combined technology of HTML and Scripting Languages also becomes DHTML.

Types of Cascading Style Sheets


1. Cascading or embedded or Internal Style Sheet 2. Linked or External Style Sheet 3. Inline Style sheet The style assignment process is accomplished with the <STYLE></STYLE> tags. SYNTAX: The attributes that can be specified to the <STYLE> tag are 1. Font Attributes 2. Color and Background attributes 3. Text Attributes 4. Border Attributes 5. Margin Attributes and 6. List Attributes.

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ALGORITHM
Steps to introduce Style into html 1. CASCADING STYLE SHEETS <HTML> <HEAD> <STYLE Type = text/css> Predefined tag name {attribute name1:attribute value1; attribute name2:attribute value2; attribute name-n:attribute value-n} <STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> Write the body of program using user defined styles </BODY> </HTML> 2 LINKED STYLE SHEETS

1. Create .css file which contains only styles or rules or comment lines. 2. Link HTML with .CSS file using the following syntax <HTML> <HEAD <TITLE> <LINK REL = style sheet HREF = style sheet file name> </HEAD> <BODY> Write body program using styles </BODY> <HTML> 3. INLINE STYLE SHEETS <h1 STYLE =font-family: arial; font-size: 16mm; color: green>

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<center><h1>This is example for Inline Style Sheet </h1></center> ATTRIBUTES OF <STYLE> TAG Style tag attributes are divided into 6 categories. They are
1. Font Attributes 2. Color and Background attributes 3. Text attributes 4. Border attributes 5. Margin attributes 6. List Attributes (Contains only one attribute)

FONT ATTRIBUTES Attributes font-family font-style font-size Values A comma-delimited sequence of font family names (Serif, sanserif, cursive) Normal, italic or oblique. A term that denotes absolute size (xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large), relative size (larger, smaller), a number (of pixels), font-weight percentage (of the parent elements size) Normal, bold, lighter, or one of the nine numerical values (100,200 to 900)

COLOR AND BACKGROUND ATTRIBUTES Attributes color background-color background-image background-repeat Values Sets an elements text-color- a color name or a color code Specifies the color in an elements background.A color name or a color code. Sets the background image. A URL or none. Within the background image specified, sets up how the image repeats throughout the page. Repeat-x (repeats horizontally), repeat-y(repeats vertically), repeat(both), no-repeat. TEXT ATTRIBUTES Attributes text-decoration vertical-align text-transform text-align Values Adds decoration to an elements text- none, underline, overline, linethrough, blink Determines an elements vertical position. Baseline, sub, super, top, texttop, middle, bottom, text-bottom, also percentage of the elements length. Applies a transformation to the text. Capitalize (puts the text into initial caps), uppercase, lowercase or none. Aligns text with an element. Left, right, center, or justify can be given.

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text-indent

Indents the first line of text. A percentage of the elements width or a

length. BORDER ATTRIBUTES Attributes border-style border-color border-width border-top-width border-bottom-width border-left-width border-right-width border-top border-bottom border-left border-right border Values Solid, double, groove, ridge, inset, outset A color name or color code Thin, medium thick or length Thin, medium thick or length Thin, medium thick or length Thin, medium thick or length Thin, medium thick or length Specifies width, color and style Specifies width, color and style Specifies width, color and style Specifies width, color and style Sets all the properties at once

MARGIN RELATED ATTRIBUTES Attributes margin-top margin-bottom margin-left margin-right margin LIST ATTRIBUTES Attributes list-style-type Values Disc, circle, square, decimal, lower-case, upper-roman, lower-roman, lower-alpha, upper-alpha, none THE UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS The attribute values related to number values can have the following measurements. Unit name Em Ex Pica Point Pixel Millimeter Centimeter Inch Abbreviation Em Ex Pc Pt Px Mm Cm In Explanation The height of a font Height letter x in a font 1 pica is 12 points 1/72 of an inch One dot on a screen Printing unit Printing unit Printing unit Relative Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Values Percent, length or auto

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Ex.No 3
AIM:

Client Side Scripts for Validating Web Form Controls

To write Client Side Scripts for Validating Web Form Controls using DHTML

ALGORITHM
STEPS: 1. Draw Form design using <form> tag. 2. Write function program to validate all the fields in the form. 3. Call the function program in the required place. SYNTAX FOR CREATING FUNCTION function function-name(parameters list) { Write validation conditions } SYNTAX FOR CALLING A FUNCTION Event name = function_name(parameters list)

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PROGRAM: <html> <head> <title>A Simple Form with JavaScript Validation</title> <script type="text/javascript"> <!-function validate_form ( ) { valid = true; if ( document.contact_form.contact_name.value == "" ) { alert ( "Please fill in the 'Your Name' box." ); valid = false; } return valid; } //--> </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <form name="contact_form" method="post" action="/cgi-bin/articles/development/javascript/form-validation-withjavascript/contact_simple.cgi" onSubmit="return validate_form ( );"> <h1>Please Enter Your Name</h1> <p>Your Name: <input type="text" name="contact_name"></p>
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<p><input type="submit" name="send" value="Send Details"></p> </form> </body> </html>

(Or) <form onsubmit="return validateForm ( this )" ...> ... form control definitions here ... </form> ... <script language="JavaSCript"> <!-function validateForm ( form ) { // check form fields and // return false if not validated // return true otherwise } //--> </script>

When the submit button is clicked, the function loops through the form elements collection and checks for: <script language="JavaScript"> <!-function validateForm ( form ) { for ( var e = 0; e < form.elements.length; e ++ ) { var el = form.elements [ e ]; if ( el.type == 'text' || el.type == 'textarea' || el.type == 'password' || el.type == 'file' ) { // check text fields if ( el.value == '' ) { alert ( 'Please fill out the ' + el.name + ' field' );
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el.focus ( ); return false; } } else if ( el.type.indexOf ( 'select' ) != -1 ) { // check selectable dropdown menus if ( el.selectedIndex == -1 ) { alert ( 'Please select a value for ' + el.name ); el.focus ( ); return false; } } else if ( el.type == 'radio' ) { // check radio button groups var group = form [ el.name ]; var checked = false; if ( !group.length ) checked = el.checked; else for ( var r = 0; r < group.length; r ++ ) if ( ( checked = group [ r ].checked ) ) break; if ( !checked ) { alert ( 'Please check one of the ' + el.name + ' buttons' ); el.focus ( ); return false; } } else if ( el.type == 'checkbox' ) { // check checkbox groups var group = form [ el.name ]; if ( group.length ) { var checked = false; for ( var r = 0; r < group.length; r ++ ) if ( ( checked = group [ r ].checked ) ) break; if ( !checked ) { alert ( 'Please check one of the ' + el.name + ' checkboxes' ); el.focus ( ); return false; } }
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} } return true; } //--> </script>

OUTPUT: The following example contains a generic function that may be used as a general handler for checking whether all the fields in a form have been filled out.
Full Name: Password:

File to upload:

Comments:

Languages:

Hobbies:

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Male

Female

Add my subscription too

Send me cash

Submit

Reset

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Ex.No 4
AIM:

Color Palette creation using Java

To write a program in Java to create applets incorporating the following features: Create a color palette with matrix of buttons Set background and foreground of the control text area by selecting a color from color palette. In order to select Foreground or background use check box control as radio buttons to set background images STEPS 1. Create Radio buttons for representing 3. Foreground Background

2. Create Radio buttons for various colors for Foreground and Background. Insert Text Area control and place a Paragraph inside the Text Area control. option selected by the user. 5. Syntax for Creating Radio Button Checkbox fg,bg CheckboxGroup cbg; cbg=new CheckboxGroup(); fg =new Checkbox("Foreground",cbg,false); bg =new Checkbox("Background",cbg,false); 6. Syntax for Creating Text Area Control and Inserting text inside thecontrol TextArea text; String va="Text Area is a subclass of Text Component.\n" text=new TextArea(va,10,50); 4. The background or foreground color of the text area is changed according to the

Ex.No 5

Servlets
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5.1 Invokation of Servlets from HTML forms 5.2 Invokation of Servlets from Applets Introduction Servlets are programs that run on a Web or application server and act as a middle layer between a request coming from a Web browser or other HTTP client and databases or applications on the HTTP server. Their job is to perform the following tasks

The Servlet Life Cycle


1. When the servlet is first created, its init method is invoked, so init is where you put one-time setup code. 2. After this, each user request results in a thread that calls the service method of the previously created instance. 3. The service method then calls doGet, doPost, or another doXxx method, depending on the type of HTTP request it received. 4. Finally, if the server decides to unload a servlet, it first calls the servlets destroy method.

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Ex.No 6. Three-tier application creation using JSP and Databases


6.1 For conducting on-line examination 6.2 For displaying student mark list

Introduction
Java Server Pages or JSP for short is Sun's solution for developing dynamic Websites. JSP provide excellent server side scripting support for creating database driven web applications. JSP enable the developers to directly insert java code into jsp file, this makes the development process very simple and its maintenance also becomes very easy. JSP pages are efficient, it loads into the web servers memory on receiving the request very first time and the subsequent calls are served within a very short period of time. Java Server Pages are saved with .jsp extension. Following code which generates a simple html page.

<html> <head> <title>First JSP page.</title> </head> <body> <p align="center"><font color="#FF0000" size="6"><%="Java Developers"%></font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#800000" size="6"><%="Hello JSP"%> </font></p> </body> </html> In jsp java codes are written between '<%' and '%>' tags. So it takes the following form : <%= Some Expression %> .

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JSP pages are high level extension of servlet and it enable the developers to embed java code in html pages. JSP files are finally compiled into a servlet by the JSP engine. Compiled servlet is used by the

The Components of JSPs


JSP syntax is almost similar to XML syntax. The following general rules are applicable to all JSP tags. 1. Tags have either a start tag with optional attributes, an optional body, and a matching end tag or they have an empty tag possibly with attributes. 2. Attribute values in the tag always appear quoted. The special strings &apos; and " can be used if quotes are a part of the attribute value itself. Any whitespace within the body text of a document is not significant, but is preserved, which means that any whitespace in the JSP being translated is read and preserved during translation into a servlet. The character \ can be used as an escape character in a tag, for instance, to use the % character, \% can be used. JavaServer Pages are text files that combine standard HTML and new scripting tags. JSPs look like HTML, but they get compiled into Java servlets the first time they are invoked. The resulting servlet is a combination of HTML from the JSP file and embedded dynamic content specified by the new tags. Everything in a JSP page can be divided into two categories: 1. Elements that are processed on the server 2. Template data or everything other than elements, that the engine processing the JSP engines.

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Benefits of JSP
1. The JSP technology is platform independent, in its dynamic web pages, its web servers, and its underlying server components. The JSP pages can be accessed from any web server. 2. The JSP technology emphasizes the use of reusable components. These components can be combined or manipulated towards developing more purposeful components and page design..

Connecting JSP with MS-Access Steps:


1. Create a table in MS-Access. For example product table. 2. Create a Data Source Name(DSN). For example prod. 3. Connect JSP with MS-Access using the following code Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); conn =DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:prod","",""); 4. Write the necessary queries to access the database. 5. Execute the program and check the database for updates. Here is an example program to connect JSP with the MS-Access which inserts a row into the database. <<%@ page import ="java.sql.*"%> <% Connection conn=null; try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); conn =DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:access","",""); Statement st=conn.createStatement(); int i=st.executeUpdate("INSERT into product VALUES('3','bag','5','55')"); out.println("1 row is effected"); } catch(Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } %>

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Ex.No 7

Programs using XML Schema XSLT/XSL

XML Technologies Overview


Extensible Markup Language (XML) has become the technology of choice for data transfer. XML is actually a family of standards, some of which are still emerging. XML technologies includes 1. XML 2. 3. XSLT XPath,

4. XSL-FO 5. XML Schema (WXS) 6. XML Namespaces 7. Resource Description Framework (RDF) 8. XML Encryption 9. XML Signature 10.XForms 11.XML Events 12.XML Query ( XQuery). 1. XML

XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a set of rules for encoding


several other related specifications; all are fee-free open standards.

documents electronically. It is defined in the produced by the W3C and XML is a flexible text format for creating structured computer documents. Extensible markup language. A way of organizing text information by labeling it with specified variables in a fixed format. 2. XSLT XSLT (XSL Transformations) is a declarative, XML-based language used Two W3C Recommendations, XSLT (the Extensible Style sheet for the transformation of XML documents into other XML documents. Language Transformations) and XPath (the XML Path Language) meet that needs.

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3. XPath XPath, the XML Path Language, is a query language for selecting nodes from an XML document. In addition, XPath may be used to compute values (e.g., strings, numbers, or Boolean values) from the content of an XML document. XPath was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) has evolved from the early Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) standard. XSL specifies a language definition for XML data presentation and data transformations. Data presentation means displaying data in some format and/or medium. Presentation is about style. Data transformation means parsing an input XML document into a tree of nodes, and then converting the source tree into a result tree. Transformation is about data exchange. 4. XSL-FO XSL Formatting Objects, or XSL-FO, is a markup language for XML document formatting which is most often used to generate PDFs. XSL-FO is part of XSL, a set of W3C technologies designed for the transformation and formatting of XML data. The other parts of XSL are XSLT and XPath.

5. XML Schema The W3C XML Schema Definition Language is an XML language for describing and constraining the content of XML documents . W3C XML Schema is a W3C Recommendation. W3C means World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). W3C is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web W3C to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web. 6. XML namespaces

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Provide a simple method for qualifying element and attribute names used in Extensible Markup Language documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI references.

7. XML Encryption This document specifies a process for encrypting data and representing the result in XML. The data may be arbitrary data (including an XML document), an XML element, or XML element content. The result of encrypting data is an XML Encryption element which contains or references the cipher data. 8. XML Signature This document specifies XML digital signature processing rules and syntax. XML Signatures provide integrity, message authentication, and/or signer authentication services for data of any type, whether located within the XML that includes the signature or elsewhere. 9. XForms XForms is an XML format for the specification of a data processing model for XML data and user interface(s) for the XML data, such as web forms. XForms was designed to be the next generation of HTML / XHTML forms, but is generic enough that it can also be used in a standalone manner or with presentation languages other than XHTML to describe a user interface and a set of common data manipulation tasks. 10. XML Events The XML Events module defined in this specification provides XML languages with the ability to uniformly integrate event listeners and associated event handlers with Document Object Model (DOM) 11. Resource Description Framework (RDF)

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general-

purpose language for representing information in the Web.

12. XML Query ( XQuery)


Used for retrieving data from data base. It contains various queries to process the data base.

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Ex.No 8

Programs using AJAX


Ajax is an approach or pattern to web development that uses client-side

Introduction:
scripting to exchange data with a web server. This approach enables pages to be updated dynamically without causing a full page refresh to occur. As a result, the interaction between the user and the application is uninterrupted and remains continuous and fluid. Its a combination of related technologies used together in a creative way.

Ajax components
The Ajax programming pattern consists of a set of existing technologies brought together in an imaginative way, resulting in a richer and more engaging user experience. The following are the main pillars of the Ajax programming pattern and the role they play in its model.

JavaScriptA scripting language that is commonly hosted in a browser to add


interactivity to HTML pages. JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the Web and is supported by all major browsers. Ajax applications are built in JavaScript.

Document Object Model (DOM)


Defines the structure of a web page as a set of programmable objects that can be accessed through JavaScript. In Ajax programming, the DOM is leveraged to effectively redraw portions of the page.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)Provides a way to define the visual appearance


of elements on a web page. CSS is used in Ajax applications to modify the exterior of the user interface interactively.

XMLHttpRequestAllows a client-side script to perform an HTTP request. Ajax


applications use the XMLHttpRequest object to perform asynchronous requests to the server as opposed to performing a full-page refresh or postback.

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Ex.No 9.

Web Services

Consider a case where we have two web Services- an airline service and a travel agent and the travel agent is searching for an airline. Implement this scenario using Web Services and Data base
Definitions Web services are typically application programming interfaces (API) or web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services. Web services are automated information services that are conducted over the Internet, using standardized technologies and formats/protocols that simplify the exchange and integration of large amounts of data over the Internet. ... Software that runs over a network and provides information services based on XML standards that are accessed through a URI (Universal Resource Identifier) address and an XML defined information interface. ... Web services are simple, self contained applications which perform functions, from simple requests to complicated business processes. The "web services" model uses WSDL, UDDI and SOAP/XMLP. A WSDL description is retrieved from the UDDI directory. ...

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Web services architecture.

Web Services can convert your applications into Web-applications. Web Services are published, found, and used through the Web.

Web Services

Web services are application components Web services communicate using open protocols Web services are self-contained and self-describing Web services can be discovered using UDDI Web services can be used by other applications XML is the basis for Web services

Working of WebServices
The basic Web services platform is XML + HTTP. XML provides a language which can be used between different platforms and programming languages and still express complex messages and functions. The HTTP protocol is the most used Internet protocol. Web services platform elements:

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

Use cases
Travel agent use case, static discovery

1. Description
A company (travel agent) wants to offer the ability to book complete vacation packages: plane/train/bus tickets, hotels, car rental, excursions, etc. Service providers (airlines, bus companies, hotel chains, etc) are providing Web services to query their offerings and perform reservations. Credit card companies are providing services to guarantee payments made by consumers. This use case assumes that the discovery of the specific service providers and metadata happens prior to the invocation, and that a developer uses the description to create the web service invocation. This could be considered a "static" use case. By contrast, in a "dynamic"
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use case, the discovery of the specific service providers and metadata, and the subsequent web service invocation are performed by software agents at run time,

2 Scope
For this version of the usage scenario, we will limit ourselves to booking of vacation packages. We will assume that cancellation is not possible once a package has been purchased.

3 Stakeholders / Interests
The travel agent provides a system to provide the user with options for his/her vacation and earns money by charging fees for each package bought. Service providers (hotels, airlines) sell their services by making them available widely using Web services. Credit card companies enable customers to use their credit cards in a very large number of cases by making payment Web services available and make profit with each money transaction. The consumer books a vacation easily by choosing among a large variety of offers. Only the user in the scenario is a human being. The travel agent service, airline, hotel and payment services that the travel agent service is interacting with, are machines.

4 Actors & Goals


The goal of the consumer is to get the best combination of services and prices suiting his/her needs. The travel agent tries to provide customer satisfaction and sell packages. The service providers are aiming at selling as many products as possible. The credit card companies guarantee and do the payments of the purchased products. Developers use WSDL and platforms to create instances of web services.

5 Usage scenarios
The following usage scenarios describe how a user would make a reservation for a vacation package (flight and hotel room), and how a developer would create a portion of a service.

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