Vigirex™ Ground-Fault Relays: Class 0972
Vigirex™ Ground-Fault Relays: Class 0972
Vigirex™ Ground-Fault Relays: Class 0972
April
Class 0972
04
Vigirex RH99M Ground-Fault Relay
Sensors
CONTENTS Description Page Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Vigirex Ground-Fault Relays System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Relay Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Installation and Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
PLEASE NOTE
Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only by qualified personnel. No responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any consequences arising out of the use of this material.
SECTION 1INTRODUCTION
VIGIREX GROUND-FAULT RELAYS WITH SEPARATE TOROIDS Overview The purpose of ground-fault protection is to measure the ground leakage current of an electrical installation, or part of an installation, and interrupt the power supply if the ground-fault current becomes dangerous to property. Vigirex ground-fault relays, with associated sensors (current transformers), measure the leakage current in an electrical installation to detect levels that may be damaging. When used for protection, they cause an associated circuit breaker or switch to interrupt the supply of power to the protected system. They may also be used for monitoring only, with output to an alarm. The Vigirex product line can be used with loads up to 3200 A. It includes fixed sensitivities from 30 mA to 1 A and adjustable sensitivities up to 30 A, providing a solution that offers both flexibility and performance.
The choice of the right Vigirex relay model for a given application depends on the type of protection required: Protection against equipment damage Protection against fire hazards Motor protection
These types of protection are covered by standards and correspond to different current thresholds and time delays on the products. Characteristics UL 1053 Listed For currents up to 3200 A (depending on sensor) Sensitivities from 30 mA to 30 A Control power from 12 Vdc to 220 AC Ideal for protection or alarming Immunity to nuisance tripping Continuous self-monitoring of the detection circuit Operation under all unbalanced phase conditions (in solidly-grounded systems) Status indicators: red LED: fault green LED: relay is operational Allows coordination over several levels so that only the faulty circuit is shut down Test with or without trip of relay Modular case, 54 mm wide (DIN rail mount) or 72 mm (panel mount) Horizontal or vertical flush or surface mounting on a symmetrical DIN rail Automatic or remote reset (depending on model)
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Ground-Fault Protection In protection applications, the relays control the interruption of the supply of power to protect: equipment and property against fire; and equipment against damage from high ground-fault currents.
A relay trips the associated circuit breaker when the threshold operating current In is exceeded. Depending on the model of the relay, the threshold In can be fixed or user-selectable. Circuit breaker tripping can be either instantaneous or delayed. On some Vigirex relays, it is possible to adjust the time delay. The protection relays latch the output contacts until the output contact has been manually reset. Once the fault has been cleared the relay can be used again. The exception is the group of RH99 relays with automatic reset. Earth-Leakage Monitoring (Alarming) Vigirex relays may also be used to monitor earth-leakage in electrical insulation due to aging of cables or extensions in the installation. Continuous measurement of leakage currents makes it possible to plan maintenance on faulty circuits before an increase in the leakage currents leads to a complete shutdown of the installation. In alarming applications, the output contacts are connected to a warning light, SCADA system, or other annunciator device. A control signal is issued by the relay when the threshold is overrun. The control signal can be either instantaneous or delayed. On some relays, it is possible to adjust the time delay. Some models of the RH99 Vigirex relays do not latch their output contact and they are automatically reset when the fault is cleared. It is possible to configure a system to provide both alarming and protection. In that case, one Vigirex ground-fault relay is set to a low sensitivity to alarm when insulation is faulty but still operable, and a second Vigirex ground-fault relay is set to interrupt the circuit when the ground-fault level becomes hazardous.
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OPTIMIZED PROTECTION AND CONTINUITY OF SERVICE The design of the Vigirex relay includes several functions that minimize the risk of nuisance tripping. Rms measurement of ground-fault currents, frequency filtering, reduced tolerances on the protection threshold and the inverse-time tripping curve built into the Vigirex relay optimize protection of property and enhance continuity of service. Continuous Self-Monitoring of Vigirex Relays Vigirex relays carry out continuous self-monitoring of key relay functions, including: Internal electronics Power supply Relay / sensor link (and the sensor itself)
When the relay detects a problem, the fault or the ON output contact on the relay is actuated. The cause of the internal problem must be cleared before the relay can continue its functions. Sensors Vigirex relays are used with closed (type A, diameter 30300 mm) or split (type OA, diameter 46110 mm) toroids. Additionally, large rectangular sensors are available. All sensors are easy to mount, with a wide range of installation possibilities. Environmental Characteristics Vigirex relays are designed for use in ambient temperatures from -31 F to 158 F (-35 C to 70 C). The temperature range for device storage, in the original packing, is -67 F to 185 F (-55 C to 85 C). Vigirex relays comply with the environmental requirements contained in the following standards: IEC 60068-2-30 and IEC 60068-2-56: damp heat IEC 60068-2-52: salt mist
Vigirex relays are certified for operation in pollution degree III environments, as defined by IEC 60664-1 and IEC 60947-1 for low-voltage switchgear.
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OPERATION The Vigirex relays compare outgoing currents with returning currents to determine if there is leakage of current to ground. If there is sufficient ground leakage current, the Vigirex relay will operate its contacts. This can be used for protection by opening the associated disconnect, such as a circuit breaker with shunt trip or under-voltage release (UVR) contacts. Or the contacts can be used to only activate an alarm, such as a warning lamp or input to a SCADA system. Vigirex ground-fault relays are not designed to protect people as defined by UL 943 Class A. Vigirex relays are designed to meet the UL1053 standard for equipment protection. Ground-fault relays do not provide overcurrent or short circuit protection. A Vigirex ground-fault system includes these components: Vigirex Ground-Fault RelayThis has control power inputs, inputs from the sensor, outputs to the disconnect device, and electronic circuitry that determines if the ground-fault exceeds the trip level. SensorCurrent transformer through which the monitored line passes (all phases plus neutral; but not ground wire); its secondary goes to the relay input. Disconnect Device or Alarm AnnunciatorOutput of the Vigirex goes to the protective device such as a switch or circuit breaker with a shunt trip device or to an alarming device like a warning lamp or SCADA system. Control PowerThe electrical energy needed by the relay must be supplied by a source independent of network voltage.
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09723026
Vigirex Relay
Control Power
A B C
Testing Locally or Remotely, With or Without Tripping A front-panel test button can be used to test the Vigirex relay, either with or without tripping the disconnect device. This testing can also be done remotely through input terminals on the relay. BENEFITS TO THE EQUIPMENT USER The Vigirex relay provides several benefits to the user of electrical equipment: Table 1: Benefits for the End-Use Customer
Feature
Used with circuit breaker or switch to protect equipment from ground-fault Outputs to alarm function Fixed (RH10) or user-settable (RH21 and RH99) sensitivity and time delays Frequency filtering and narrow tripping tolerance (between 0.8 and 1 x In) Local and remote test and reset Test with or without tripping Electronic technology Selection of power supplies 12 Vdc220 Vac
Benefit
Prevents damage to equipment, reducing down-time and repair costs Provides warning that preventive maintenance should be performed on the equipment Allows adjustment to balance between nuisance tripping and optimal protection Increases immunity to nuisance tripping, resulting in high continuity of service Simplifies periodic diagnostics Allows testing without interruption of service High reliability to ensure high availability Can use existing line power or control power supplies
Ideally, the Vigirex can be installed in the control panel of a machine when it is manufactured. Alternately, it can be installed by the end-user, either in a machine's control panel or in the feeder or branch circuit supplying the machine.
BENEFITS TO THE MANUFACTURER OF EQUIPMENT (OEM) In addition to the benefits to the end-user, including built-in ground-fault protection also has several benefits for machine manufacturers: Provides a better machine for their customers, creating a competitive advantage Limits warranty expense by preventing damage to equipment during warranty period Ensures that appropriate sensitivity is selected The CE mark qualifies equipment for international sales (where ground-fault protection is frequently mandatory).
Benefit
Prevents damage to equipment, thus reducing warranty costs Increases market value to end-use customer Easy mounting in equipment control panels Suitable for most applications Can be adapted to specific installation by OEM or end-use customer Reduces call-backs due to nuisance tripping Simplifies diagnostics Drives most trip contacts, switch solenoids, or alarm contacts Can use line power or control power supplies Suitable for most loads (amperages) and conductor sizes Equipment can be sold in many markets
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR RELAYS Ideal for any machine or branch circuit application, there are a wide variety of Vigirex ground-fault relays. Evaluate the application and select the options that you need, including packaging, supply voltage, sensitivity, and time delays and the ability to reset after a fault. These models are described in more detail below and summarized in Table 3 on page 12. Mounting / PackagingRH10M, RH21M, RH99M, and RH10P, RH21P, RH99P All of the options for Vigirex are available in either of two packages and are identified by the model type: RH_ _M DIN-rail MountingThe RH_ _M models are compact, non-metallic enclosures with the same universal DIN format and light gray color as Multi 9 miniature circuit breakers. They mount on standard 35 mm DIN rails. Because they measure only 54 mm wide x 88 mm high x 75 mm deep, space can be found in most control panels. All controls and indications are located behind a clear protective door that can be locked for security. RH_ _P Panel MountingThe RH_ _P models are 72 x 72 mm and can be front-mounted in cut-outs on panels, doors, or front plates using integral mounting clips. The overall depth is 67 mm. These are dark charcoal in color and have a clear protective door that can be locked for security. Integral plug-on connectors are provided for easy connection of all inputs and outputs.
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Time Delays The responsiveness of the Vigirex relay is determined from a combination of their sensitivity (measured in milliamperes or amps) and their time delays (duration that the threshold of ground-fault is exceeded). These can range from instantaneous (no intentional delay) to 4.5 seconds. The shortest delay will provide the greatest protection, while the longest will minimize nuisance tripping. The range of time delays is also helpful when providing a coordinated ground-fault protection scheme. There are three different groups of Vigirex, based on time delay: RH10Instantaneous (fixed) RH21Instantaneous or 60 milliseconds (two settings) RH99Adjustable from instantaneous to 4.5 seconds (nine settings, including 0.0, 0.06, 0.15, 0.25, 0.31, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 4.5 seconds)
Sensitivity (Tripping Threshold) The sensitivity of the Vigirex relays determines the level of current leakage to ground at which the relay will operate. Some models can be purchased with a fixed sensitivity, while others are field-selectable. The most sensitive (lowest milliamperage) will provide the greatest protection but have the greatest potential for nuisance tripping. The sensitivity levels include the following: RH10Fixed at 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA, 500 mA, or 1 A RH21Selectable between 30 mA or 300 mA (two settings) RH99Adjustable from 30 mA to 30 A (nine settings, including 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10, and 30 A)
Manual or Automatic Reset Most Vigirex relays require a manual reset after operating. This is the preferred mode for protection schemes, since it retains the indication that the relay caused tripping of the circuit breaker. For monitoring or alarming applications, it may be desirable to have automatic reset after the current leakage (ground fault) has been cleared. The RH99M and RH99P are available in either a manual reset version or an automatic reset version. Manual resetThe only version of RH10 and RH21; available in certain models of RH99 Automatic resetAvailable only in certain models of RH99
Split Toroid Sensors Split toroids are designed to be used in existing installations, as they can be installed without having to disconnect the existing cabling. Two models are available: Window diameters of 46 mm (1.81 in.) and 110 mm (4.33 mm) Current ratings of 85 A and 250 A
Rectangular Sensors Rectangular sensors are designed for use with large bus bars and high currents. See Section 4 for details on these sensors. Two models are available: 1200 A 280 x 115 mm (11 x 4.5 in.) 1200 and 3200 A 470 x 160 mm (18.5 x 6.3 in.)
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DIN-Rail Mounted
30 mA 100 mA 300 mA 500 mA 1A 30 mA 100 mA 300 mA 500 mA 1A 30 mA 100 mA 300 mA 500 mA 1A 30 mA or 300 mA (2 settings)
220240 Vac
RH21M
Instantaneous or 60 ms (2 settings)
Manual
1224 Vac / 1248 Vdc 110130 Vac 220240 Vac 1224 Vac / 1248 Vdc 110130 Vac 220240 Vac 1224 Vac / 1248 Vdc 110130 Vac 220240 Vac
RH99P RH99M
9 user-selectable time Manual delays: 0 sec (instantaneous), 60 ms, 150 ms, 250 ms, 310 ms, 500 ms, Automatic 800 ms, 1 s, 4.5 s
9 user-selectable thresholds (30 mA to 30 A): 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA, 500 mA, 1 A, 3 A, 5 A, 10 A, 30 A
Panel Mounted
30 mA 100 mA 300 mA 500 mA 1A 30 mA 100 mA 300 mA 500 mA 1A 30 mA 100 mA 300 mA 500 mA 1A 30 mA or 300 mA (2 settings) 56400 56402 56405 56406 56407 56420 56422 56425 56426 56427 56430 56432 56435 56436 56437 56460 56462 56463 56470 56472 56473 56490 56492 56493
220240 Vac
RH21P
Manual
1224 Vac / 1248 Vdc 110130 Vac 220240 Vac 1224 Vac / 1248 Vdc 110130 Vac 220240 Vac 1224 Vac / 1248 Vdc 110130 Vac 220240 Vac
SA200 RH99P
9 user-selectable time Manual delays: 0 sec (instantaneous), 60 ms, 150 ms, 250 ms, 310 ms, 500 ms, Automatic 800 ms, 1 s, 4.5 s
9 user-selectable thresholds (30 mA to 30 A): 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA, 500 mA, 1 A, 3 A, 5 A, 10 A, 30 A
Current Rating
65 A 85 A 160 A 250 A 400 A 630 A 85 A 250 A 1600 A 3200 A
mm
30 50 80 120 200 300 46 110 280 x 115 470 x 160
Catalog Number
50437 50438 50439 50440 50441 50442 50485 50486 56053 56054
Reduced Tripping Tolerances The Vigirex relays trip between 80% and 100% of their tripping threshold (In) thus increasing immunity to nuisance tripping. Dependable Power Supply A range of power supplies is available, including a low voltage unit for operation from AC or DC control power sources. These include: 1224 Vac / 1248 Vdc 110130 Vac 220240 Vac
Voltage-dip withstand capacity: The Vigirex relay will operate correctly at 55% of the rated control power voltage. Additional standard functions are available to make the protection as dependable as possible: Disconnect of the circuit if the relay fails, by using the Normally Closed (NC) output contacts and an undervoltage release (UVR) instead of shunt trip A Green Operating (ON) LED provides a local indication that voltage is not present; this status can be provided remotely via the ON contacts
Vigirex relays are not affected by micro-outages lasting less than 60 ms. The maximum break time during micro-outages complies with standard IEC/EN 60947-2.
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Normal operation
Faulty sensor
Legend
OFF (O)
ON (I)
Flashing
NOTE: For RH99M models 56390, 56392, and 56393 resetting is automatic. Tests With or Without Tripping The Vigirex relay can be manually tested as part of a maintenance routine. This procedure can be performed locally by employing the TEST button, or remotely by using the TEST contacts. The test can be performed without tripping the protection device, to minimize down-time of equipment. Also, the test can include testing of the tripping function of the disconnect device. Either method can be used locally (with front-panel push buttons) or remotely via the Test and Reset contacts. Operation in Less Than 50 Milliseconds If a Vigirex relay with a 30 mA setting is used to shunt trip a Schneider Electric / Square D Compact NS circuit breaker rated up to 630 A, it will clear faults of greater than 5 x In in less than 50 milliseconds.
Inverse-Time Tripping curve The inverse-time tripping curve of the Vigirex relays (see Figure 3) affects performance in two beneficial ways: Protection is optimized because the higher the ground-fault current it detects, the faster the relay will operate; Inverse-time tripping also minimizes the potential for nuisance tripping. This is because, if the duration of the ground-fault is very short the current can be relatively high, but the relay will not trip. This inherently helps to avoid nuisance tripping due to electrical noise since it usually exists for a short duration.
Also, when circuits are energized, the inverse-time tripping curve avoids nuisance tripping due to short, transient phase-sequence currents, which are caused by: the high transient currents caused by certain loads (motors, LV/LV transformers, etc.) and the charging of capacitances between live conductors and earth. Vigirex Inverse-Time Tripping Curve
Figure 3:
09723034
t(s)
2 1 2 3
Tripping Zone Curve 1 Curve 1: Inverse-time Tripping Curve per IEC 60947-2 Curve 2: Tripping Curve with Fixed Threshold I = In Curve 3: Transient Zero Phase-sequence current upon load energization Zone of optimized continuity of service due to the inverse-time tripping curve Non-tripping zone (Curve 2)
0.30
3
0.15
0.04 1 2 5
(I/ln)
RMS Measurements of Ground-Fault Current Vigirex devices use rms measurements for the zero-sequence currents. This is the means to: accurately measure the harmonic currents and avoid nuisance tripping due to non-dangerous currents with high crest factors; and correctly calibrate the energies of the fault currents.
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kxln
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Example
At 50 / 60 Hz, the tripping threshold is In. At 900 Hz, the tripping threshold is k x In (where k = 5).
To ensure optimal immunity, Vigirex relays are tested in compliance with the following standards: IEC/EN 60947-2: low-voltage switchgear and controlgear, Part 2: circuit breakers) IEC/EN 61000-4-1: overview of the IEC/EN 61000-4 series IEC/EN 61000-4-2: electrostatic-discharge immunity test IEC/EN 61000-4-3: radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic-field immunity test IEC/EN 61000-4-4: electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC/EN 61000-4-5: surge immunity test IEC/EN 61000-4-6: immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio frequency fields CISPR 22: limits and methods of measurement of electromagnetic disturbance characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio frequency equipment
The high immunity levels of Vigirex relays ensure optimum safety without nuisance tripping.
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Reset Whatever the test mode, a reset clears the fault stored in memory and resets the LEDs and the relay status condition. Table 6: Test and Reset Modes
Pushbutton and Remote Controls Test Reset Both Function Test with trip (tests relay and protection device or alarm) Reset Test with no trip
Switchboard Acceptance Tests During acceptance of a switchboard or other electrical equipment and prior to dielectric testing, isolation of the residual-current relays by disconnecting the power supply is mandatory, as shown in Figure 5 below. Vigirex relays are supplied with a plug-in connector for easy and secure connection and disconnection of control power. Figure 5: Supply Connections for the DIN and Front-Panel Mount Formats
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RIN IN GE MERL
ex Vigir M RH99
on Rese t fault
0.25 1 0.31 0.5 0.8 1 4.5 0 3 5 10 30
Test
no Test
0.5 0.3
0.15 0.06
trip 0.1
0.03
t (S)
(A) I n
Figure 8:
Plug in connectors allow easy and secure disconnection of control panel for switchboard acceptance dielectric tests. DIN-format Vigirex relays can be equipped with toroids from 12 in. (3050 mm) in diameter.
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RH10
RH21
RH99
Maximum Break Time on Toroid Failure (as per Standard IEC 60947-2) Fault Current Detection Threshold In Fault-current Detection Range Time Delay t
74% In to 100% In Instantaneous Instantaneous for In = 0.03 A 9 user-selectable time delays Instantaneous or Instantaneous to 4.5 s 0.06 s for In = 0.3 A 0 s, 0.06 s , 0.06 s 0 s, 0.06 s, 0.15 s, 0.25 s, 0.31 s, 0.5 s, 0.8 s, 1 s, 4.5 s , 0.06 s, 0.15 s, 0.25 s, 0.31 s, 0.5 s, 0.8 s, 1 s, 4.5 s 0.015 s, 0.13 s, 0.23 s, 0.32 s, 0.39 s, 0.58 s, 0.88 s, 1.08 s, 4.58 s 0.05 s, 0.15 s, 0.25 s, 0.34 s, 0.41 s, 0.6 s, 0.9 s, 1.1 s, 4.6 s Two selectors: for sensitivity and for time delay
t Settings Maximum Non-operating Time at 2 In Maximum Non-operating Time at 5 In (residual-current relay alone) Maximum Total Time at 5 In 2 Setting Switch Output Contact for protection for monitoring Local Remote (hard-wired) (10 m max.) Remote (hard-wired for several relays) (10 m max.)
0s
0.015 s
0.015 s, 0.13 s
0.05 s none
Test with or without actuation of the output contacts and output-contact reset following a fault
1 2
80% to 120% Ue if Ue < 20 V Maximum time to clear the fault current when a Vigirex relay with a 30 mA setting is used to shunt trip a Schneider Electric / Square D Compact NS circuit breaker rated up to 630 A. Continued next page
RH10
RH21
RH99
Mechanical Characteristics
Dimensions Weight Insulation Class (IEC 60664-1) Front face Front face Degree of Protection Other faces Connections Sinusoidal Vibrations (Lloyds and Veritas) Fire (IEC 60695-2-1)
Front-Panel Mount
2.8 x 2.8 x 3.0 in. (72 x 72 x 78 mm) 0.7 lb. (0.32 kg) II IP40 IP30 IP20 2 to 13.2 Hz 1 mm and 13.2 to 100 Hz0.7 g
DIN
3.2 x 2.8 x 2.6 in. (81 x 63 x 65.5 mm) 0.5 lb. (0.23 kg)
Environment
Damp Heat, Equipment not in Service (IEC 60068-2-30) Damp Heat, Equipment in Service (IEC 60068-2-56) Salt Mist (IEC 60068-2-52) Degree of Pollution (IEC 60664-1) Electromagnetic Compatibility4 Electrostatic Discharges (IEC 61000-4-2) Radiated Susceptibility (IEC 61000-4-3) Low-energy Conducted Susceptibility (IEC 61000-4-4) High-energy Conducted Susceptibility (IEC 61000-4-5) Radio / Frequency Interference (IEC 61000-4-6) Conducted and Radiated Emissions (CISPR11)
RH10
RH21
48 hours, Environment Category C2 KB Test, Severity 2 3 Level 4 Level 3 Level 4 Level 4 Level 3 Class B
RH99
Depending on the type of wiring (optimum continuity of service or optimum safety) 4 Compatibility for both relay and sensor 5 Compatibility with E-type toroids in existing installations (see restrictions in Section 7, Installation and Dimensions)
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Instantaneous Relay
Delayed Relay
t(s)
1
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t(s)
10
t = 4.5 s
0.1 1
t = 2 s t = 1 s t = 0.8 s t = 0.5 s
0.01
t = 0.31 s
2 1
0.001 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t = 0.25 s t = 0.15 s
3
0.1 t = 0.06 s
(I/In)
0.01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(I/In)
Non-operating time
Operating time
SECTION 4SENSORS
INTRODUCTION The sensors used for Vigirex relays enable the electronic relay to measure the zero-sequence currents flowing in the monitored circuit. They are designed to measure ground-fault currents and present a proportional signal to the relay. They also protect the relay from overvoltage and short-circuit currents in the line being monitored. The Vigirex relay system includes a variety of sensors, which can be called current transformers (CTs) or zero-sequence transformers. They are available in three different configurations, and each configuration comes in different sizes. Closed toroids are suitable for new installations up to 630 A. (Certain toroids may be mounted on DIN rails, plates, or brackets; clipped onto the Vigirex relay; or tied to cables.) Split toroids facilitate installation in existing systems up to 400 A and may be installed on plates and brackets. Rectangular sensors are for busbars in installations with currents up to 3200 A. Suitable for line voltages up to 600 volts. Figure 12: POA Split Toroid Figure 13: Rectangular Sensor
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For severe operating conditions, the use of a mild steel magnetic sleeve placed around the cable inside the sensor considerably increases immunity. NOTE: Always consult applicable codes before installing magnetic sleeve. When applying, do not compromise insulator system. Recommended characteristics: mild steel foil 0.1 mm thick to be wrapped several times around the cable inside the toroid (minimum thickness 1 mm); inner diameter of the sensor > 1.4 x outer diameter of the cable bundle; length of sleeve L sensor diameter.
The current can be increased by adding a magnetic sleeve to channel the leakage flux.
Magnetic Sleeve (soft steel 1 mm) L sensor diameter L = 80 mm
TA30 PA50 IA80 Ground Conductor
L = 200 mm
MA120 SA200
L = 300 mm
GA300 Magnetic Sleeve Sensor L
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AWG
20 18 16 14
20 / 12
10 (33)
Wire size for resistance R maximum = 3 Cable Type Standard twisted, shielded pair (not to be run alongside [parallel to] power cables)
09723048
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Rectangular Sensor
Type of Sensor
AWG / kcmil
Dia. mm (in.)
Weight kg (lb.)
TA30 PA50 IA80 MA120 SA200 GA300 POA GOA Rectangular Sensor Rectangular Sensor
30 (1.18) 50 (1.97) 80 (3.15) 120 (4.72) 200 (7.97) 300 (11.81) 46 (1.81) 110 (4.33)
Environment
Damp Heat, equipment not in service (IEC 60068-2-30) Damp heat, equipment in service (IEC 60069-2-56) Salt mist (IEC 60068-2-52) Degree of pollution (IEC 60664-1)
1
28 cycles 77 F (25 C) / 131 F (55 C) / RH 95% 48 hours, Environment category C2 KB test, severity 2 3 4
SECTION 5COORDINATION
The term coordination refers to the behavior of two or more series-connected devices in electrical power distribution in the event of an overcurrent or ground fault downstream. When designing a ground-fault protection system, consideration must be given to two conflicting requirements: maximizing the continuity of service in as much of the system as possible, yet minimizing potential damage to equipment from thermal stress. A coordinated relay system allows this optimization. The first requirement can be provided by coordination of the ground-fault protection scheme. Coordination involves using multiple levels of ground-fault relay protection and setting longer time delays and higher fault current pickups on upstream devices so as to allow downstream devices to trip first. This localizes the interruption of service at the lowest level possible. Some of the Vigirex relays allow field-tuning of the pickup and delay settings to allow greater flexibility in coordination with both upstream and downstream devices. See Figure 15. Figure 15: Coordination of Multiple Levels of Ground-Fault Protection
Source
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Load
The second requirement is minimizing damage to equipment. The relay at the lowest level detecting a fault will operate with the least delay or without intentional delay (instantaneous). This clears the fault at the lowest level possible (minimizing the scope of the outage) and in the shortest time possible (minimizing the stress on the power system). In equipment manufactured by an OEM, consideration should be given to the possibility that groundfault protection could be included in the permanent facility wiring. In that case, the sensitivity and time delay of the equipment should be lower than that of the facility.
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The following general coordination guidelines ensure correct operation: In terms of the current, the setting for the upstream device must be at least double that of the downstream device: Upstream In 2 x downstream In In terms of time, the non-operating time (time delay) for the upstream device must be greater than the total time (the intentional ground-fault device delay and the breaking time of the breaking device) for the downstream device. upstream time delay T downstream total time T The time / current curves indicate the operating-current values of the Vigirex devices depending on their standardized characteristics. When superimposed, the curves indicate the protection settings required to ensure total coordination (See Figure 10 on page 22, Tripping Curves). The Vigirex devices, combined with Square D and Merlin Gerin breaking devices (switches, circuit breakers), have successive operating-current and time-delay settings that enhance the coordination rules mentioned above.
Installation in Equipment by the OEM Ground-fault protection is needed for the following reasons: To give competitive advantage to finished product, and To minimize warranty risk to OEM (repair and liability).
Distribution Applications in Addition to NEC Requirements at Main Service Ground-fault protection is needed at more levels than the minimum required by NEC for the following reasons: To avoid shutting down an entire facility when only one machine or circuit has a ground-fault A properly coordinated system will provide protection at multiple levels by setting longer time delays and higher fault current pickups on upstream devices to allow the downstream devices to trip first. (See Section 5 on page 29.) To better protect equipment located far downstream of the main breaker with more sensitive ground-fault devices. To provide additional protection beyond over-current protection (nearly 85% of faults start as ground faults).
Alarming / Monitoring Applications A need to set up the relay for an alarm only (but not protection) may be encountered in situations where an automatic shutdown would introduce additional hazards and therefore an operator must make the shutdown decision (e.g., continuous industrial processes, life-support equipment, or a fire pump circuit). Critical processes of industrial machines can also benefit by application of Vigirex relays in alarm mode. In these cases, providing indication of higher than normal earth-leakage current can allow planned maintenance, rather than a costly disruption of production.
04/04
31
CONSEQUENCES OF AN INSULATION FAULT An insulation fault occurs when a live conductorphase or neutralcomes in contact with an exposed conductive part (e.g. motor casing). The consequences depend upon the type of electrical system used in the installation or part of installation concerned. Such faults create hazards to life and property. Ground-fault relays should be used in the following situations: a feeder with excessive cable length; a circuit supplying portable equipment (such as socket outlet circuits); or
a circuit where there is a risk of the protective conductor breaking. Do not use the Vigirex ground-fault relay if: protection level of more than 30 A is required; circuit breaker already includes a ground-fault function, at an appropriate level; circuit breaker can have ground-fault option added economically; people protection (46 mA per UL 943) is required.
This systems characteristics and constraints upon installation: allows tripping on the first fault to ground; use of a ground-fault relay is recommended, although not compulsory; requires calculation, sometimes complex, of loop impedance; and tripping of the protection devices must be checked when these devices are installed.
09723050
A B C N Ground
Ground-fault relay
An insulation fault results in a short-circuit between phase and neutral. The resulting current flow is high. The exposed conductive parts are at a hazardous voltage. Tripping is essential.
04/04
33
N 1 2
09723052
Q1 MX T2 / S2 / M2 T1 / S1 / M3
T1 T2
A1 A2
ON
Fault
25 26 27 11 14 32 31 34 Lamp
Q2
N 1 2
09723053
T1 Fault T2
L N Lamp
11 14
ON
A1 A2
Wiring for Optimum Safety (with Undervoltage Release) All diagrams are shown with circuits de-energized, all devices open, and relays in released position. Figure 19: RH10M, RH21M, and RH99M Wiring with MN Undervoltage Release
MN: Undervoltage Release Q1: Main Circuit Protection Q2: Circuit Breaker Q3: 1 A Circuit Breaker, curve C or D RH10M, RH21M, and RH99M A1-A2: Auxiliary Power Supply Inputs T1-T2: A or OA Type Sensor or Rectangular Sensor (if In 500 mA) Input 11-14: Operational (ON) Output 26-25: Device Test Input 27-25: Device Reset Input 31-32-34: Fault Relay Output See page 38, Connection of RH10, RH21, and RH99 Power Supply. Q3
N 1 2 3
09723054
Q2
Q1 MN
T1 T2
A1 A2
NOTE: For the RH99 with automatic reset, use the fault contact 31, 32, 34.
T2 / S2 / M2
T1 / S1 / M3
ON
Fault
25 26 27 11 14 32 31 34
04/04
35
N 1 2
09723055
Q2
T1 Fault T2
NOTE: For the RH99 with automatic reset, use the fault contact 31, 32, 34.
T2 / S2 / M2 T1 / S1 / M3
32 27 26 25 11 14
A1 ON A2
2 3
See page 38, Connection of RH10, RH21, and RH99 Power Supply. Q3
Q1 T2 / S2 / M2 T1 / S1 / M3
MX
T1 T2
A1 A2
25 26 27 11 14 32 31 34
Q2
Alarm Device
09723021
1
25
Test
Reset
2
25
10 max.
25
AC Supply
DC Supply
Q3 A1 12 / 24 Vac A2
Q3 A1 12 / 48 Vdc A2
References T and Z: there is no galvanic isolation between A1, A2 and the control circuitry. User must provide, if needed.
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37
09723059
Yes
Yes
Yes
09723060
Yes
Yes
Yes
09723061
DIN Rail
Mounting Plate
Front-Panel Mount
04/04
39
Test no trip
1.18 [30] 1.97 [50] 2.60 [66] 2.72 [69] 2.91 [74]
1.77 [45]
2.13 [54]
3 5 mm [0.20 in.]
09723065
3.90 [99]
0.35 [9]
2.91 [74]
1.50 [38]
0.31 [8]
1.50 [38]
in. Dimensions: mm
1.97 [50]
2.20 [56]
in. Dimensions: mm
2.85 [72.5]
2.83 [72]
2.68 [68
2.83 [72]
2.68 [68]
2.68 [68]
in. Dimensions: mm
04/04
41
A1
A2
09723070
on fault Test
(1)
RIN IN GE MERL
ex Vigir M RH99
on Rese t fault
0.25 1 0.31 0.5 0.8 1 4.5 0 3 5 10 30
(1)
Test
no Test
0.5 0.3
0.15 0.06
trip 0.1
0.03
t (S)
(A) I n
25 26 11 14 32 34
(1)
31
09723071
T1 Fault T2
34 32 27 26 25 T 11 ON 14 R
Tightening Torque
max.
(Nm)
(in-lbs)
Twisted Cu / Al
1.5
1.0
16
7.0
0.27
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43
42
09723072
Accessory
14
17.5
Figure 34: TA30, PA50, IA80, MA120, SA 200 GOA, or POA on a Plate or Bracket
09723073
Figure 35: TA30 and PA50 Clipped on the Back of the Relay
Cable-ties with 9 mm (.35 in.) maximum width and 1.5 mm (.06 in.) maximum thickness
09723074
Ground
N 2
09723079
1 2 3
N 2
Cable dia.
N 2
Toroid dia.
09723084
X toroid dia.
Y Y 04/04
Y 250 mm [9.8 in.] for 280 x 115 mm sensor Y 300 mm [11.8 in.] for 470 x 160 mm sensor
45
POA and GOA Split Toroids 5 mm diameter round lugs not supplied)
M5
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1) 2 bars 50 x 10 mm (1600 A) (1) See Table 12 on page 48. 4 bars 100 x 5mm (3200 A)
09723092
09723091
M1 M2 M3
(1)
(1) 2 bars 100 x 5 mm (1600 A) (1) See Table 12 on page 48. 4 bars 125 x 5 mm (3200 A)
09723094
(1)
1 2 3N
1 2 3 N
1 2 3N
1 2 3 N
(1) 4 cables 240 mm2 (1600 A) (1) See Table 12 on page 48.
09723093
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47
AWG
20 (1) 18 (1) 16 (1) 14 (1)
m
18 60 80 100
20 14
30
10
Wire cross-section for a resistance of Rmaximum = 3 ohms. Cable Type Standard twisted, shielded pair (not to be run alongside (parallel to) power cables)
09723095
or
In Highly Disturbed Environments: Measurements in disturbed environments may require special precautions: greater distance between the toroid wires and power circuits; use of twisted, shielded cables with the shielding grounded at one end; reduction to the shortest length possible for the cable between the toroid and the relay.
Figure 43: Connecting Vigirex Relays and Sensors in Highly Disturbed Environments
09723096
L 10 m
or
SECTION 8DEFINITIONS
Coordination Coordination of the automatic switching devices such that only the faulty part of the installation is cut off by opening of the device located immediately upstream of the fault. Direct Contact Human contact with the normally live parts of electrical equipment. Double Insulation Insulation that includes both: basic insulation required for protection against direct contact, and supplementary insulation required for protection against indirect contact in case of a fault of the basic insulation.
Earth Leakage See Ground-Leakage Current. EMC / EM Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): the ability of a device or system to operate in its electromagnetic (EM) environment satisfactorily and without itself producing unacceptable electromagnetic disturbances for its environment. Earth (Ground) The conducting mass of the earth, whose electric potential at any point is conventionally taken as zero. Equipotential Bonding Electrical connection putting various exposed conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts at a substantially equal potential. Exposed Conductive Part Any accessible metal part of an electrical equipment item other than the live parts and which can accidentally become live. Fault (Electrical) Accidental connection between two points at different potentials, such as an insulation fault. A fault may be solid or may exhibit a certain impedance. A solid fault between live conductors is a short circuit. A distinction is made between phase exposed conductive parts, phase-ground, phase-phase, phase-neutral, neutral exposed conductive parts and neutral-ground faults. Fault Voltage Voltage, in case of an insulation fault, across an exposed conductive part and an grounding reference; (i.e., a point on which the voltage is not modified when the exposed conductive part becomes live). Ground Electrode Conductive part that can be incorporated in a particular conductive environment, for example: concrete in electrical contact with earth. Ground-Fault Current Current flowing to ground due to an insulation fault. Ground-Fault Protection (GFP) The system used to measure zero-sequence currents that flow if a fault occurs in the TN-S system used in the United States (see TN-S). Ground-Leakage Current Current flowing from the live parts to ground or extraneous conductive parts in the absence of an insulation fault.
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51
Schneider Electric USA 3700 Sixth St SW Cedar Rapids, IA 52404 1-888-SquareD (1-888-778-2733) www.SquareD.com
Schneider Canada Inc. 19 Waterman Avenue, M4B 1 Y2 Toronto, Ontario 1-800-565-6699 www.schneider-electric.ca
Catalog No. 0972CT0401 April 2004 2004 Schneider Electric All Rights Reserved