THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI.

MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 1
DWDM TECHNOLOGY Content
Developing of WDM Technology
WRI WDM System
WDM Related Technology


THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 2
High Capacity transmission technology
that we can choice
OTDM
OFDM
OST
ETDM
WDM
TDM&WDM
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 3
Advantages:
up to now always adopted technology
simpleinclude: equipment & system
easy to maintenance
NM Convenience

Problems:
required high speed O&E Component
required high speed Signal Processing
great influence on Dispersion
required high speed optical modulating apparatus & technology
ETDM Characteristics
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 4
Advantages:
Save Fiberstake full advantage of bandwidth of fiber
reduce influence of Dispersion on system
lower speed hardware(equipment) can be reused
can implement wavelengths ADM
transparency to signal rate and mode of modulating

Problems:
Nonlinear Influence
Quantity of Equipment
Gain Flatness of OA
Wavelength Consistent of LD
Insert Loss & Stability of Optical Passive Component
such as WDMsfilters.
WDM Characteristics
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 5
Taking advantage of TDM & WDM two technologies strongpoint is
the direction of expanding network. According to different types of
fiber select the highest speed of TDM(such as for NDSF select
2.5Gbit/s and for NZ-DSF select 10Gbit/s) based on it,
according to transmission capability select WDM Channel number
as possible as most .
Although bandwidth of EDFAoptical filterlaser technology
and optical power, transmission distance will restrict upgrade of
transmission capability based on TDM of single channel
expanding to WDM is absolute without questionmulti-channel is
always more capability & more economic than single channel.
Combine TDM and WDM
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 6
2 4 8 16 TDM
N 2.4Gb/s
N 10Gb/s
N 40Gb/s
Rate Gb/s
160
40
10
2.4
Gb/s Per fiber 2.4 10 40 160
Developing Statue of TDM & WDM
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 7
Company
Multiplexing
Mode
Total
Capability
Distance
Type of
Optical
Fibers
AT&T/Lucent 205Gbit/s 100 Gb/s 9100km G.652 SMF
NTT 440Gbit/s 160 Gb/s 320 km G.653 DSF
Lucent 1610Gbit/s 160 Gb/s 6000 km G.653 DSF
Alcatel 3210Gbit/s 320 Gb/s 500 km G.652 SMF
Lucent 3210Gbit/s 320 Gb/s 640 km G.652 SMF
KDD 5010.6Gbit/s 533 Gb/s 1600 km G.652 SMF
Fujitsu 5520Gbit/s 1.1 Tb/s 150 km G.652 SMF
NEC 13220Gbit/s 2.6 Tb/s 120 km G.652 SMF
Rearch Level
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 8
Company Rates Type
2 4 8 16 32 40
Lucent 2.5Gbit/s Integrated & Open
Nortel 10Gbit/s Open
Ciena 2.5Gbit/s Open
Pirelli 2.5Gbit/s Integrated
Alcatel 2.5Gbit/s Integrated
Ericsson 2.5Gbit/s Open
Siemens 2.5Gbit/s Integrated
Fujitsu 2.5Gbit/s Integrated
NEC 2.5Gbit/s Open
Production Level
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 9
WDM is applied to high capability point to point long-haul
transmission
WDM is applied to hybrid bit rates long haul transmission
(such as 2.5Gb/s+10Gb/s +20Gb/s)
WDM is applied to high capability transmission in interoffice
WDM is applied to hybrid signal format(such as SDH+PDH)
transmission
WDM is applied to type(digital+analogy)transmission
WDM is applied to single fiber bi-direction transmission
WDM is applied to different service signal transmission

WDM SYSTEM APPLICATION
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 10
OPENING SYSTEM
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 11
Integrated System
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 12
No Compatibility
cost less
Different Vendors
Various bit rates
Any wavelengths access
Multiple date format
Any time
cost more
O Op pe en n s sy ys st te em m
I In nt te eg gr ra at te ed d s sy ys st te em m
Compare Integrated system
with Open system
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 13
OTU1

1
- - -
OBA
- - -
OPA
STM-16
ADM1
OTU3
OTU2
OTU4

14
OTU12
OTU13
OTU14
OTU15
OTU16
STM-16
ADM2
STM-16
ADM7
STM-16
ADM8

12

13

15

16

14

12

13

15

16

4
4
OTU15
OTU16
OTU13
OTU14
OTU4
OTU12
OTU3
OTU2
OTU1
Completely Opening WDM system
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 14
OTU1

1
- - -
OBA
- - -
OPA
STM-16
ADM1
OTU3
OTU2
OTU4

14
OTU12
OTU13
OTU14
OTU15
OTU16
STM-16
ADM2
STM-16
ADM7
STM-16
ADM8

12

13

15

16

14

12

13

15

16

4

4
Half-Opening DWDM System
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 15

1
- - -
OBA
- - -
OPA
STM-16
ADM1

14
STM-16
ADM2
STM-16
ADM7
STM-16
ADM8

12

13

15

16

14

12

13

15

16

4

4
Integrated WDM System
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 16
OM/
OA
OTU1
R
M1

1
S
R MPI-S MPI-R
S
Dn
S
D2
S
D1
S
1
OTUn
R
Mn

n
S
n
OTU2
R
M2
2
S
2
G.957
OA
Wavelength range
Wavelength stability
Wavelength interval
Output optical power
Extinction ratio
Optical fiber loss
Chromatic dispersion
PMD
Nonlinear optical effect
OA gain flatness
OA noise coefficient
OA auto gain control
Multiplexer insert loss
Insert loss difference
Demultiplexer insert loss
Channels crosstalk
Receiver dynamic range
Receiver bandwidth
OSNR sensitive ratio
Receiver noise
OA
R S
OA/
OD
WDM optical transmission system reference configuration
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 17
WDM SYSTEM is consist of five parts

Transmission and receiver active part
particular Wavelength and Wavelength Stability
spectrum must satisfy distance of transmission,
receiver can tolerance a given SNR.
Passive part:
High Wavelength Isolation,
Low Insert Loss and return loss,
High Stability and reliability.
Optical transmission and amplify part:
small Dispersion factor fiber,
Gain flatness and Gain Locked EDFA.
OSC part
System Network Management part



THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 18
Optical multiplex Terminal(OMT)
O
P
A
S
A
D
O
B
A
O
S
C
O
W
U
E
M
U
O
T
U
1
O
T
U
2
O
T
U
3
O
T
U
4
O
T
U
5
O
T
U
6
O
T
U
7
O
T
U
8
O
M
U
O
D
U
O
P
A
S
A
D
O
B
A
O
S
C
O
W
U
E
M
U
O
T
U
1
O
T
U
2
O
T
U
3
O
T
U
4
O
T
U
5
O
T
U
6
O
T
U
7
O
T
U
8
O
M
U
O
D
U
Intermediate Line Amplifier (ILA)
O
P
A
S
A
D
O
B
A
O
S
C
O
W
U
E
M
U
O
B
A
O
P
A
S
A
D
Optical multiplex Terminal(OMT)
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 19
OTU Optical Transponder Unit
OMU Optical multiplex Unit
ODU Optical Distribution Unit
OPA Optical Preamplifier
OBA Optical Boost amplifier
OSC Optical supervision Channel
SAD OSC Add&Drop Unit
OWU Order Wire Unit
EMU Element Management Unit
WDM Equipment Units
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 20
E
M
U
O
W
U
O
S
C
S
A
D
O
P
A
O
D
U
O
M
U O
T
U
O
T
U
O
B
A
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
OA sub-rack
OC sub-rack
OMT
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 21
E
M
U
O
W
U
O
S
C
S
A
D
O
B
A
O
P
A
O
P
A
O
B
A
S
A
D
OA sub-rack
ILA
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 22
x
OS
C
OS
C
OADM
OPA
OSC OWU EMU

O
A
D

O
A
D
OBA
O
T
U
1
O
T
U
2
O
T
U
3
O
T
U
4

S
A
D
OS
C
OBA OPA
O
T
U
1
O
T
U
2
O
T
U
3
O
T
U
4

O
A
D

S
A
D
OS
C
OS
C

O
A
D
Fixed channels OADM
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 23
OA sub-rack
E
M
U
O
W
U
O
S
C
O
D
U
O
M
U O
T
U
O
T
U
S
A
D
O
B
A
O
P
A
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
T
U
O
P
A
O
B
A
S
A
D
O
A
D
O
A
D
OADM
OC sub-rack
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 24
EMU
BCT1
BCT2
BCTm BCT1 BCT2 BCTm BCT1 BCT2
BCTm
D C N
DCN Protect Router
EMS
F/Q
E1
LAN
E1
LAN
ECCr
ECCm ECCm
ECCr
f f
f
EMU EMU
Interconnector
Interconnector
WDM NM System sketch map(1)
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 25
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
1
5
4
7
.
6
0
1
5
4
8
.
2
9
1
5
4
8
.
9
9
1
5
4
9
.
6
8
1
5
5
0
.
3
7
1
5
5
1
.
0
7
1
5
5
1
.
7
6
1
5
5
2
.
4
6
1
5
5
3
.
1
5
1
5
5
3
.
8
4
1
5
5
4
.
5
4
1
5
5
5
.
2
3
1
5
5
5
.
9
2
1
5
5
6
.
6
2
1
5
5
7
.
3
1
1
5
5
8
.
0
0
1
5
5
8
.
7
0
1
5
5
9
.
3
9
1
5
6
0
.
0
9
1
5
6
0
.
7
8
322.5Gbit/s Spectrogram
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 26
Optical Communication Window
Infrared
UV
Visible light
:
400nm
1550nm 1310nm
780nm
CD dish
670nm
Laser pointer
700nm
Wavelengh
Optical Fiber
communication
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 27
Chromatic Dispersion
In single mode fiberdifferent spectral components of the pulse
travel at slightly different group velocities.
Chromatic Dispersion including:
material dispersion
waveguide dispersion
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 28
fast
t
PMD

fiber
slow
distance
Without coupling
fiber
fast
slow
distance
With coupling

Polarization-Mode Dispersion
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
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OFC-BAS 29
Nonlinear Optical effects
Nonlinearity
Kerr effect
Self-Phase Modulation(SPM)
Cross-Phase Modulation(XPM)
Four-Wave Mixing(FWM)
Brillouin effect
Raman effect
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 30
1550nm
1310nm
Dispersion
ps/nm-km
SMF
NDSFG.652
layed Fiber >95%
Wavelength
DSF,G.653
NZDSF,G.655
18
0
DWDM
range
Fiber Types
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 31
- Active Components
LaserDFBOptical Fiber Laser
Photo-DetectorPINAPD
OAEDFAPDFASOARA
external modulatorOptical Gate
Wavelength Converter
- Passive Compoments
Connecter,Spliter,Conpler,isolator,attenuator,
polarizercirculator, MUX/DeMUX,
Fixed/tunable Filer,WADM,
DC apparatus (DCF and DCG)
Active and Passive Components
in WDM system
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 32
Optical Spectrum
characteristics
LED

2


1
-XdB

1
2
1
-XdB

1

2

1
-XdB
MLM
SLM
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 33
Temperature feedback Control
P section
N section
grating
active stripes
T(C)
(nm)
TEC
TEC Control
Circuit

0
laser output
Temp Sensor
Laser tube core
To 1.5m DFB laserwavelength temperature
coefficient is about 13GHz/C (0.1nm/ C )
tube temp

0

wavelength
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 34
Wavelength feedback control
TEC
TEC Control
Circuit

0
laser emit
Temp Sensor
Laser Core
(1) Front light Feedback Control

0
-A
AV

0
+A

0

0
+A

0
-A
V
0
AV
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 35
SOA
EDFA
PDFA
SRA
1550
EDFA

30nm ~ 60nm

OH
>300nm

nm 850 1310
PDFA
SOA
SRA
OA Technology Developing(II)
THE TRAINING CENTER OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION. WRI. MII
1999.7
BACK
OFC-BAS 36
OA Technology Developing(II)