CDMA Technology Overview

Lesson 4 - CDMA Reverse Channels

CDMA Technology Overview

February, 2001 - Page 3-1

Access Channels

CDMA Technology Overview

February, 2001 - Page 3-2

Code Channels in the Reverse Direction

There are two types of CDMA Reverse Channels: TRAFFIC CHANNELS are used by individual users during their actual calls to transmit traffic to the BTS a reverse traffic channel is defined by a user-specific
public or private Long Code mask there are as many reverse Traffic Channels as there are CDMA phones in the world
BTS

ACCESS CHANNELS are used by mobile stations not yet in a call to transmit registration requests, call setup requests, page responses, order responses, and other signaling information an access channel is defined by a user-independent
public long code mask Access channels are paired with Paging Channels. There can be up to 32 access channels per paging channel

REG
1-800 242 4444

CDMA Technology Overview

February, 2001 - Page 3-3

Coding Process in the Reverse Direction MTX BSC BTS (1 sector)

Long Code Gen Access Channels Channel Element Long Code Gen Vocoder Channel Element
Long Code Gen

A Reverse Channel is identified by: its CDMA RF carrier Frequency the unique Long Code PN Offset of the individual handset
CDMA Frequency Receiver, Sector X User Long Code

User Long Code

Vocoder

Channel Element Long Code Gen

Vocoder

Channel Element Long Code Gen

User Long Code

User Long Code

Vocoder more more

Channel Element more

User Long Code

User Long Code

CDMA Technology Overview

February, 2001 - Page 3-4

Access Channels

4800 bps

Used by the mobile station to Initiate communication with the base station Respond to Paging Channel messages Has a fixed data rate of 4800 bps Each Access Channel is associated with only one Paging Channel Up to 32 access channels (0-31) are supported per Paging Channel

CDMA Technology Overview

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Access Channel Generation

I PN (No Offset)
Access Channel Information (88 bits/Frame) R = 1/3

4.8 kpbs

Convolutional Encoder & Repetition

28.8 ksps

Block Interleaver

28.8 ksps Orthogonal Modulation

307.2 kcps

1.2288 Mcps

1/2 PN Chip Delay

D

Access Channel Long Code Mask

Long PN Code Generator

1.2288 Mcps
Direct Sequence Spreading Q PN (No Offset)

Message attempts are randomized to reduce probability of collision Two message types: A response message (in response to a base station message) A request message (sent autonomously by the mobile station)

CDMA Technology Overview

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Rate 1/3 Convolutional Encoder

g0

Code Symbols (OUTPUT)

+
Information bits (INPUT)

+
g1

Code Symbols (OUTPUT)

+
g2
Code Symbols (OUTPUT)

CDMA Technology Overview

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Access Channel Block Interleaving

28.8 ksps from Conv. Encoding & Symbol Repetition (2x)

Input Array (Normal Sequence)

32 x 18

Output Array (Reordered Sequence)

32 x 18

28.8 ksps to Orthogonal Modulation

576 code symbols (288 x 2) are written sequentially by columns, then read by rows in a particular order (called bit-reverse readout of the row addresses) every 20 ms Block interleaving separates repeated symbols in two identical sets: one set is transmitted during the first 10 ms and the second set, with the repetitions, is transmitted during the second 10 ms Improves survivability of symbol information Spreads the effect of spurious interference and fast fading
CDMA Technology Overview February, 2001 - Page 3-8

Access Channel Block Interleaving (4800 x 2 bps - Write Matrix)

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288

CDMA Technology Overview

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Access Channel Block Interleaving (4800 x 2 bps - Read Matrix)

1 9 5 13 3 11 7 15 2 10 6 14 4 12 8 16 1 9 5 13 3 11 7 15 2 10 6 14 4 12 8 16 17 25 21 29 19 27 23 31 18 26 22 30 20 28 24 32 17 25 21 29 19 27 23 31 18 26 22 30 20 28 24 32 33 41 37 45 35 43 39 47 34 42 38 46 36 44 40 48 33 41 37 45 35 43 39 47 34 42 38 46 36 44 40 48 49 57 53 61 51 59 55 63 50 58 54 62 52 60 56 64 49 57 53 61 51 59 55 63 50 58 54 62 52 60 56 64 65 73 69 77 67 75 71 79 66 74 70 78 68 76 72 80 65 73 69 77 67 75 71 79 66 74 70 78 68 76 72 80 81 89 85 93 83 91 87 95 82 90 86 94 84 92 88 96 81 89 85 93 83 91 87 95 82 90 86 94 84 92 88 96 97 105 101 109 99 107 103 111 98 106 102 110 100 108 104 112 97 105 101 109 99 107 103 111 98 106 102 110 100 108 104 112 113 121 117 125 115 123 119 127 114 122 118 126 116 124 120 128 113 121 117 125 115 123 119 127 114 122 118 126 116 124 120 128 129 137 133 141 131 139 135 143 130 138 134 142 132 140 136 144 129 137 133 141 131 139 135 143 130 138 134 142 132 140 136 144 145 153 149 157 147 155 151 159 146 154 150 158 148 156 152 160 145 153 149 157 147 155 151 159 146 154 150 158 148 156 152 160 161 169 165 173 163 171 167 175 162 170 166 174 164 172 168 176 161 169 165 173 163 171 167 175 162 170 166 174 164 172 168 176 177 185 181 189 179 187 183 191 178 186 182 190 180 188 184 192 177 185 181 189 179 187 183 191 178 186 182 190 180 188 184 192 193 201 197 205 195 203 199 207 194 202 198 206 196 204 200 208 193 201 197 205 195 203 199 207 194 202 198 206 196 204 200 208 209 217 213 221 211 219 215 223 210 218 214 222 212 220 216 224 209 217 213 221 211 219 215 223 210 218 214 222 212 220 216 224 225 233 229 237 227 235 231 239 226 234 230 238 228 236 232 240 225 233 229 237 227 235 231 239 226 234 230 238 228 236 232 240 241 249 245 253 243 251 247 255 242 250 246 254 244 252 248 256 241 249 245 253 243 251 247 255 242 250 246 254 244 252 248 256 257 265 261 269 259 267 263 271 258 266 262 270 260 268 264 272 257 265 261 269 259 267 263 271 258 266 262 270 260 268 264 272 273 281 277 285 275 283 279 287 274 282 278 286 276 284 280 288 273 281 277 285 275 283 279 287 274 282 278 286 276 284 280 288

CDMA Technology Overview

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Access Channel Structure

4800 bps
20 x (4 + PAM_SZ + MAX_CAP_SZ) ms 96 x (4 + PAM_SZ + MAX_CAP_SZ) bits

Access Channel Slot

20 ms 96 bits

Access Channel Frame Access Channel Preamble

1 + PAM_SZ frames 96 x (1 + PAM_SZ) bits

96 x Nf bits (not exceeding 3 + MAX_CAP_SZ frames)

Access Channel Frame Body

Access Channel Message Capsule

88 x Nf bits

Nf = Number of Access Channel Frames needed for message transmission T = Encoder Tail Bits (eight zeroes)

Access Channel Message

8 x MSG_LENGTH
MSG_LENGTH

Padding
as required
CRC 30 bits

Message Body
2-842 bits

8 bits

CDMA Technology Overview

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Access Channel Probing

Access Probe 1 + NUM_STEP (16 max)

PI ACCESS PROBE SEQUENCE PI PI IP (Initial Power) Access Probe 1 Access Probe 1 Access Probe 1

Access Probe 1

System Time TA RT TA RT TA RT TA

Select Access Channel (RA) See previous initialize transmit power figure

CDMA Technology Overview

February, 2001 - Page 3-12

Reverse Traffic Channels

CDMA Technology Overview

February, 2001 - Page 3-13

CDMA Reverse Traffic Channels

Used when a call is in progress to send Voice traffic from the subscriber Response to commands/queries from the base station Requests to the base station Supports variable data rate operation for 8 Kbps vocoder Rate Set 1 - 9600, 4800, 2400 and 1200 bps Multiplex Option 1 13 Kbps vocoder Rate Set 2 - 14400, 7200, 3600, 1800 bps Multiplex Option 2
CDMA Technology Overview February, 2001 - Page 3-14

Reverse Traffic Channel Generation

9600 bps 4800 bps 2400 bps 1200 bps or 14400 bps 7200 bps 3600 bps 1800 bps

R = 1/3 Convolutional Encoder & Repetition 28.8 ksps 28.8 307.2 ksps Orthogonal kcps Data Burst Randomizer Modulation 1.2288 Mcps

I PN (no offset)
1/2 PN Chip Delay D

Block Interleaver

R = 1/2
User Address Mask

Long PN Code Generator

1.2288 Mcps
Direct Sequence Spreading

Q PN (no offset)

CDMA Technology Overview

February, 2001 - Page 3-15

Reverse Traffic Channel Frame Structure

Rate Set

Transmission Rate 9600 4800

Number of Bits per Frame Total

Erasure Information CRC

172 80 40 16 267 125 55 21 12 8 12 10 8 6

Tail Bits 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

192 96 48 24 288 144 72 36

1 2400 1200 14400 7200 2 3600 1800

1 1 1 1

CDMA Technology Overview

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Reverse Traffic Channel Convolutional Encoding & Symbol Repetition

9.6 kbps 4.8 kbps 2.4 kbps 1.2 kbps 28.8 ksps (No repetition) 14.4 ksps (2 X repetition) 7.2 ksps (4 X repetition) 3.6 ksps (8 X repetition)

PCM Voice

Variable Rate Output from Vocoder

14.4 kbps 7.2 kbps 3.6 kbps 1.8 kbps

R=1/3 K=9 Convolutional Encoder R=1/2 K=9

Symbol Repetition

28.8 ksps to Block Interleaver

28.8 ksps (No repetition) 14.4 ksps (2 X repetition) 7.2 ksps (4 X repetition) 3.6 ksps (8 X repetition)

Convolutional encoding: Results in 3 code symbols out for each bit in, at Rate Set 1, and in 2 code symbols out for each bit in, at Rate Set 2 Also allows for reduction in transmit power Reduces overall noise & increases capacity Symbol repetition maintains a constant 28.8 ksps output to block interleaver
CDMA Technology Overview

Vocoder Processing Convolutional Encoding Code Symbol Repetition Block Interleaving Orthogonal Modulation Data Burst Randomizer Direct Sequence Spreading Quadrature Spreading Baseband Filtering

Baseband Traffic to RF Section

February, 2001 - Page 3-17

Reverse Traffic Channel Block Interleaving

PCM Voice

28.8 ksps From Coding & Symbol Repetition

Input Array (Normal Sequence)

32 x 18

Output Array (Reordered Sequence)

32 x 18

28.8 ksps to Orthogonal Modulation

20 ms symbol blocks are sequentially reordered Combats the effects of fast fading Separates repeated symbols at 4800 bps and below Improves survivability of symbol data Spreads the effect of spurious interference

Vocoder Processing Convolutional Encoding Code Symbol Repetition Block Interleaving Orthogonal Modulation Data Burst Randomizer Direct Sequence Spreading Quadrature Spreading Baseband Filtering

Baseband Traffic to RF Section

CDMA Technology Overview February, 2001 - Page 3-18

Lesson Review
1. The two types of CDMA Reverse Channels are Traffic Channels and Access Channels. [True/False]

True 2. Short PN sequences are used to achieve _____________________.

Phase Modulation 3. How many access channels are supported by a single paging channel?

32 (0 - 31) 4. When generating the Access Channel, why are message attempts randomized?

To reduce the probability of collision 5. What is the access channel preamble?

A frame comprised of 96 zeroes that aids the base station in acquiring access channel transmission.

CDMA Technology Overview

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Lesson Review, contd

6. All Access Channels associated with a particular Paging Channel a. have the same slot size b. do not have the same slot size c. all slots begin at the same time d. all slots do not begin at the same time e. a and c f. a and d g. none of the above

a and c
7. Why is the Reverse Traffic Channel preamble transmitted by the mobile to the base station?

To help the base station acquire the Reverse Traffic Channel 8. The pilot PN sequences are offset relative to system time, not mobile station time. Why?

The mobile draws its time reference from the earliest usable pilot component it receives. 9. What is used in the reverse path: direct sequence spreading or data scrambling?

Direct sequence spreading

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CDMA Technology Overview

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