Scribd
Upload
377 views

Definition of Hyperbolic Functions

The document defines hyperbolic functions and their relationships. It provides formulas for sums, differences, and inverses of hyperbolic functions. Graphs are also shown for the hyperbolic functions and their inverses. The document relates hyperbolic functions to trigonometric functions and discusses their periodicity.

Uploaded by

Kenny Williams
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
377 views

Definition of Hyperbolic Functions

The document defines hyperbolic functions and their relationships. It provides formulas for sums, differences, and inverses of hyperbolic functions. Graphs are also shown for the hyperbolic functions and their inverses. The document relates hyperbolic functions to trigonometric functions and discusses their periodicity.

Uploaded by

Kenny Williams
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

DEFINITION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Hyperbolic sine of x = sinh x = (ex - e-x)/2 Hyperbolic cosine of x = cosh x = (ex + e-x)/2 Hyperbolic tangent of x = tanh x = (ex - e-x)/(ex + e-x) Hyperbolic cotangent of x = coth x = (ex + e-x)/(ex - e-x) Hyperbolic secant of x = sech x = 2/(ex + e-x) Hyperbolic cosecant of x = csch x = 2/(ex - e-x)

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


tanh x = sinh x/cosh x coth x = 1/tanh x = cosh x/sinh x sech x = 1/cosh x csch x = 1/sinh x cosh2x - sinh2x = 1 sech2x + tanh2x = 1 coth2x - csch2x = 1

FUNCTIONS OF NEGATIVE ARGUMENTS


sinh(-x) = -sinh x cosh(-x) = cosh x tanh(-x) = -tanh x csch(-x) = -csch x sech(-x) = sech x coth(-x) = -coth x

ADDITION FORMULAS
sinh (x y) = sinh x cosh y cosh x sinh y cosh (x y) = cosh x cosh y sinh x sinh y tanh(x y) = (tanh x tanh y)/(1 tanh x.tanh y) coth(x y) = (coth x coth y l)/(coth y coth x)

DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS

sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x cosh 2x = cosh2x + sinh2x = 2 cosh2x 1 = 1 + 2 sinh2x tanh 2x = (2tanh x)/(1 + tanh2x)

HALF ANGLE FORMULAS

= <(sinh x)/(cosh x 1) = (cosh x + 1)/sinh x

MULTIPLE ANGLE FORMULAS


sinh 3x = 3 sinh x + 4 sinh3 x cosh 3x = 4 cosh3 x 3 cosh x tanh 3x = (3 tanh x + tanh3 x)/(1 + 3 tanh2x) sinh 4x = 8 sinh3 x cosh x + 4 sinh x cosh x cosh 4x = 8 cosh4 x 8 cosh2 x + 1 tanh 4x = (4 tanh x + 4 tanh3 x)/(1 + 6 tanh2 x + tanh4 x)

POWERS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


sinh2 x = cosh 2x cosh2 x = cosh 2x + sinh3 x = sinh 3x sinh x cosh3 x = cosh 3x + cosh x sinh4 x = 3/8 - cosh 2x + 1/8cosh 4x cosh4 x = 3/8 + cosh 2x + 1/8cosh 4x

SUM, DIFFERENCE AND PRODUCT OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


sinh x + sinh y = 2 sinh (x + y) cosh (x - y) sinh x - sinh y = 2 cosh (x + y) sinh (x - y) cosh x + cosh y = 2 cosh (x + y) cosh (x - y) cosh x - cosh y = 2 sinh (x + y) sinh (x y) sinh x sinh y = (cosh (x + y) - cosh (x - y))

cosh x cosh y = (cosh (x + y) + cosh (x y)) sinh x cosh y = (sinh (x + y) + sinh (x - y))

EXPRESSION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS IN TERMS OF OTHERS


In the following we assume x > 0. If x < 0 use the appropriate sign as indicated by formulas in the section "Functions of Negative Arguments"

GRAPHS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


y = sinh x

y = cosh x

y = tanh x

y = coth x

y = sech x

y = csch x

INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


If x = sinh y, then y = sinh-1 a is called the inverse hyperbolic sine of x. Similarly we define the other inverse hyperbolic functions. The inverse hyperbolic functions are multiple-valued and as in the case of inverse trigonometric functions we restrict ourselves to principal values for which they can be considered as single-valued. The following list shows the principal values [unless otherwise indicated] of the inverse hyperbolic functions expressed in terms of logarithmic functions which are taken as real valued.

RELATIONS BETWEEN INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


csch-1 x = sinh-1 (1/x) sech-1 x = cosh-1 (1/x) coth-1 x = tanh-1 (1/x) sinh-1(-x) = -sinh-1x tanh-1(-x) = -tanh-1x coth-1 (-x) = -coth-1x csch-1 (-x) = -csch-1x

GRAPHS OF INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

y = sinh-1x

y = cosh-1x

y = tanh-1x

y = coth-1x

y = sech-1x

y = csch-1x

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPERBOLIC AND TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS


sin(ix) = i sinh x csc(ix) = -i csch x sinh(ix) = i sin x csch(ix) = -i csc x cos(ix) = cosh x sec(ix) = sech x cosh(ix) = cos x sech(ix) = sec x tan(ix) = i tanh x cot(ix) = -i coth x tanh(ix) = i tan x coth(ix) = -i cot x

PERIODICITY OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


In the following k is any integer. sinh (x + 2ki) = sinh x cosh (x + 2ki) = cosh x tanh (x + ki) = tanh x csch (x + 2ki) = csch x sech (x + 2ki) = sech x coth (x + ki) = coth x

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INVERSE HYPERBOLIC AND INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS


sin-1 (ix) = isinh-1x sinh-1(ix) = i sin-1x

cos-1 x = i cosh-1 x tan-1(ix) = i tanh-1x cot-1(ix) = -i coth-1x sec-1 x = i sech-1x csc-1(ix) = -i csch-1x

cosh-1x = i cos-1x tanh-1(ix) = i tan-1x coth-1 (ix) = -i cot-1x sech-1 x = i sec-1x csch-1(ix) = -i csc-1x

You might also like