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Artificial Heart

Artificial hearts could help address the shortage of heart donors for transplant. Current artificial heart technologies include total artificial hearts that replace both ventricles as well as ventricular assist devices. Total artificial hearts, such as the AbioCor, use hydraulic pumps to circulate blood, while the Jarvik heart uses pneumatic pumps. Future developments aim to reduce complications like hemolysis through new fluid mechanics models and technologies like the VFP system. However, artificial hearts still have limitations as the body may reject them and patients require ongoing device maintenance and battery recharging.

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RAKESHKANNAN
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2K views17 pages

Artificial Heart

Artificial hearts could help address the shortage of heart donors for transplant. Current artificial heart technologies include total artificial hearts that replace both ventricles as well as ventricular assist devices. Total artificial hearts, such as the AbioCor, use hydraulic pumps to circulate blood, while the Jarvik heart uses pneumatic pumps. Future developments aim to reduce complications like hemolysis through new fluid mechanics models and technologies like the VFP system. However, artificial hearts still have limitations as the body may reject them and patients require ongoing device maintenance and battery recharging.

Uploaded by

RAKESHKANNAN
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARTIFICIAL HEART BY NANOBOTS

PRESENTED BY G.RAKESHKANNAN PRE FINAL YEAR RVS CET

IS IT ADVICABLE
WHY WE NEED ARTIFICIAL HEART? IS IT LIFE LONG?

WHAT TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY


IMPLEMENTED? INSTEAD OF NATURAL,WE GO FOR ARTIFICIAL Are artificial hearts the answer to the transplant shortage? LET US DISCUSS!!!!!!!!

Heart Disease
Heart attack: blockage of coronary artery damages portion of heart muscle Congestive heart failure: gradual weakening of heart Millions suffer from heart disease
Many cases are treatable with lifestyle changes, drugs and/or surgery Surviving patients suffering from most severe cases need new hearts!

Need for Mechanical Circulatory Assist


15,000,000 heart disease deaths/yr.

5-10% could be saved with circulatory assist


Several options: Transplant (limited supply) Ventricular assist device Total artificial heart (not needed in general)

WHY NEED TRANSPLANTATION?


Coronary heart disease (CHD) afflicts approximately 20 percent of all patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease In CHD, the transportation of blood becomes impaired

when a mixture of fat and cholesterol, or plaque, lines the


arteries the buildup of plaque restricts the free flow of blood, which induces pressure drop between the valves the heart is unable to pump enough oxygen-rich blood, blood starts to fill in the lungs, which leads to congestion

TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART


(ABIOCOR:First Completely self-contained TAH)

Hydraulic pump transports hydraulic fluid from side to side.


Rotates at approximately 10000 rpm.

Valve opens and closes to control fluid motion to the left and right.
When the fluid moves to the right, blood gets pumped to the lungs through an artificial ventricle. When the fluid moves to the left, blood gets pumped to the rest of the body.
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TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (ABIOCOR) (contd.)


A Battery pack can pump the AbioCor for 4 hours. Battery pack is the external component. Power to the AbioCor is achieved with an energy-transfer device called a Transcutaneous Energy Transmission (TET) system.

Surgical Procedure
1. Implant controller, battery and coil 2. Connect patient to heart-lung machine 3. Cut away ventricles 4. Sew grafts onto atria and arteries 5. Connect implants to grafts 6. Remove patient from heartlung machine
We bring life to engineering!

TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (JARVIK 7 and JARVIK 2000)

The Jarvik-7 has two pumps, much like the heart's ventricles. The ventricles are pneumatically (air) powered.
The Jarvik 2000 is an axial flow blood pump. An analog system controller controls the pump speed (8000-12000rpm). Audible and visual alerts notify the user of any problems.
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TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART


(ABIOMED BVS-5000)

The ABIOMED BVS-5000 is used


worldwide for temporary left, right,

or

biventricular

(both

ventricles)

support in patients with potentially reversible heart failure.

It was the first heart assist device approved by the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration for the support of postcardiotomy patients

those who have developed heart failure

as a result of heart surgery).


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Design Refinement
Process is iterative

You need to repeat various steps after testing Make design changes based on test results
Failed designs

Identify Problem

Specify Criteria

Implement Design

Design didnt meet criteria Could be due to inappropriate criteria

Test Design

Refine Design

INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP (IABP)

Simple yet effective device to increase coronary perfusion.

Polyethylene balloon (inflated with helium), mounted on a catheter.

The balloon is guided into the descending aorta, approximately 2 cm from the left subclavian artery.

At the start of diastole, the balloon inflates, augmenting coronary perfusion. At the beginning of systole, the balloon deflates.
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LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES (LVAD)

LVAD are used in patients with severe heart failure when the heart is no longer capable of pumping blood.
Inserted in the chest cavity. LVAD moves blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and back through an air driven pump. Reduces the workload of the heart allowing the heart to recover its strength. Currently used for short-term applications.
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FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF TAH

Novel mathematical models of hemolysis and blood coagulation from the viewpoint of nanoscale bio-fluid mechanics will be proposed. The use of VFP, a treatment of multiple organ failure by the blood flow distribution is being established.

VFP Advantages Generating the stable oscillated flow Self-priming function Excellent controllability of the liquid flow Decreasing the hemolysis by the use of jellyfish valve

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Advantages and Disadvantages


B. Artificial hearts are only new technology, they are not yet reliable. C. The patients body can reject an artificial heart, just like donated heart transplants.

A. There are not enough real hearts donated, so artificial hearts could replace them.

F. Artificial heart transplants can give a patient an extra month or up to 5 years extra life. E. The heart battery needs recharging twice a day, otherwise the heart will stop.

D. Artificial hearts cost between 50,000 and 100, 000 each to make and look after.

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