VEDIC

MATHEMATICS
 What is Vedic
Mathematics ?
 Vedic mathematics is the name
given to the ancient system of
mathematics which was
rediscovered from the Vedas.

 It’s a unique technique of

calculations based on simple
principles and rules , with which
any mathematical problem - be it
arithmetic, algebra, geometry or
trigonometry can be solved
mentally.
 Why Vedic Mathematics?
 It helps a person to solve problems 10-15 times faster.

 It reduces burden (Need to learn tables up to nine only)

 It provides one line answer.

 It is a magical tool to reduce scratch work and finger

counting.
 It increases concentration.

 Time saved can be used to answer more questions.

 Improves concentration.

 Logical thinking process gets enhanced.

 Base of Vedic Mathematics
 Vedic
Mathematics
now refers to a
set of sixteen
mathematical
formulae or
sutras and their
corollaries
derived from
the Vedas.
 Base of Vedic Mathematics
Vedic
Mathematics
now refers to a
set of sixteen
mathematical
formulae or
sutras and their
corollaries
derived from
the Vedas.
 EKĀDHIKENA PŪRVEŅA

The Sutra  This Sutra is

(formula) used to the
Ekādhikena
‘Squaring of
Pūrvena means:
numbers ending
“By one more than
in 5’.
the previous one”.
‘Squaring of numbers ending
in 5’.
Conventional Method Vedic Method

65 X 65 65 X 65 = 4225
65
X65 ( 'multiply the
325 previous digit 6 by
one more than
390X
itself 7. Than write
4225 25 )
 NIKHILAM
NAVATAS’CHARAMAM
DASATAH
The Sutra (formula) This formula can
NIKHILAM be very effectively
NAVATAS’CHARA applied in
MAM DASATAH multiplication of
means : numbers, which are
nearer to bases like
“all from 9 and the 10, 100, 1000 i.e., to
last from 10” the powers of 10
(eg: 96 x 98 or 102
x 104).
 Case I :
When both the numbers are
lower than the base.
 Conventional Method  Vedic Method
97 X 94

97
97 3
X94
X 94 6
388
9118
873X
9118
 Case ( ii) : When both the
numbers are higher than the
base
 Conventional  Vedic Method
Method
103 X 105 For Example103 X 105
103
X 105 103 3
515 X 105 5
000X 1 0, 8 1 5
103XX
1 0, 8 1 5
Case III: When one number
is more and the other is
less than the base.
 Conventional Method  Vedic Method
103 X 98
103 103 3
X 98 X 98 -2
1 0, 0 9 4
824
927X
1 0, 0 9 4
 ĀNURŨPYENA
The Sutra (formula) This Sutra is highly
ĀNURŨPYENA useful to find
means : products of two
numbers when
both of them are
'proportionality '
near the Common
or bases like 50, 60,
'similarly ' 200 etc (multiples
of powers of 10).
 ĀNURŨPYENA
Conventional Method Vedic Method

46 X 43
46 46 -4
X43 X 43 -7
138 1978
184X
1978
 ĀNURŨPYENA
Conventional Method Vedic Method

58 X 48 58 8
58 X 48 -2
X48 2884
464
24 2X
2 8 84
 URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM
The Sutra (formula) This the general
URDHVA formula applicable
TIRYAGBHYAM to all cases of
means : multiplication and
also in the division
of a large number
“Vertically and cross by another large
wise” number.
 Two digit multiplication by
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM
The Sutra (formula)  Step 1: 5×2=10, write
down 0 and carry 1
URDHVA  Step 2: 7×2 + 5×3 =
TIRYAGBHYAM 14+15=29, add to it
previous carry over
means : value 1, so we have
30, now write down 0
and carry 3
“Vertically and cross  Step 3: 7×3=21, add
wise” previous carry over
value of 3 to get 24,
write it down.
 So we have 2400 as
the answer.
 Two digit multiplication by
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM
Vedic Method

46
X43
1978
 Three digit multiplication
by URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM
Vedic Method

103
X 105
1 0, 8 1 5
 YAVDUNAM
TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET
This sutra means This sutra is very
whatever the extent handy in
of its deficiency, calculating squares
lessen it still of numbers
further to that very near(lesser) to
extent; and also set powers of 10
up the square of
that deficiency.
 YAVDUNAM
TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET
 The nearest power of 10 to 98 is 100.
Therefore, let us take 100 as our base.

 Since 98 is 2 less than 100, we call 2

2
98 = 9604 as the deficiency.

 Decrease the given number further by

an amount equal to the deficiency.
i.e., perform ( 98 -2 ) = 96. This is the
left side of our answer!!.

 On the right hand side put the square

of the deficiency, that is square of 2 =
04.

 Append the results from step 4 and 5

to get the result. Hence the answer is
9604.
Note : While calculating step 5, the number of digits in the squared number (04)
should be equal to number of zeroes in the base(100).
 YAVDUNAM
TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET
 The nearest power of 10 to 103 is 100.
Therefore, let us take 100 as our base.

 Since 103 is 3 more than 100 (base),

2
103 = 10609 we call 3 as the surplus.

 Increase the given number further by

an amount equal to the surplus. i.e.,
perform ( 103 + 3 ) = 106. This is the
left side of our answer!!.

 On the right hand side put the square

of the surplus, that is square of 3 =
09.

 Append the results from step 4 and 5

to get the result.Hence the answer is
10609.
Note : while calculating step 5, the number of digits in the squared number (09)
should be equal to number of zeroes in the base(100).
 YAVDUNAM
TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET

2
1009 = 1018081
 SAŃKALANA –
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM
The Sutra (formula) It can be applied in
solving a special
SAŃKALANA – type of
VYAVAKALAN simultaneous
ĀBHYAM equations where
the x - coefficients
means : and the y -
coefficients are
'by addition and found
by subtraction' interchanged.
 SAŃKALANA –
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM
Example 1:  Firstly add them,
( 45x – 23y ) + ( 23x – 45y ) = 113 +
45x – 23y = 113 91
68x – 68y = 204    
23x – 45y = 91
x–y=3

 Subtract one from other,

( 45x – 23y ) – ( 23x – 45y ) = 113 –
91
22x + 22y = 22
x+y=1

 Rrepeat the same sutra,

 SAŃKALANA –
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM
Example 2: Just add,
2431( x – y ) = - 2431
1955x – 476y = 2482 x – y = -1
476x – 1955y = - 4913  Subtract,
1479 ( x + y ) = 7395
x+y=5
Once again add,
2x = 4 x=2
subtract
- 2y = - 6 y = 3
 ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI
The Sutra (formula)  This sutra is helpful in
multiplying numbers whose
ANTYAYOR last digits add up to 10(or
powers of 10). The
DAŚAKE'PI remaining digits of the
numbers should be
means : identical.

For Example: In
‘ Numbers of multiplication of numbers
which the last  25 and 25,
2 is common and 5 + 5 = 10
digits added up  47 and 43,
give 10.’ 4 is common and 7 + 3 = 10
 62 and 68,
 116 and 114.
 ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI
Vedic Method  The same rule works
when the sum of the
last 2, last 3, last 4 - - -
digits added
respectively equal to
100, 1000, 10000 -- - - .
67  The simple point to
remember is to multiply
X63 each product by 10,
100, 1000, - - as the
4221 case may be .
 You can observe that
this is more convenient
while working with the
product of 3 digit
 ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI
Try Yourself :
892 X 808
C) 398 X 302
= 720736
= 120196
E) 795 X 705
= 560475
 LOPANA
STHÂPANÂBHYÂM
 Consider the case of
factorization of
The Sutra (formula) quadratic equation of
type
LOPANA
STHÂPANÂBHYÂ ax2 + by2 + cz2 + dxy + eyz +
M fzx

means :
 This is a homogeneous
equation of second
'by alternate degree in three
variables x, y, z.
elimination and
retention'  The sub-sutra removes
the difficulty and makes
 LOPANA
STHÂPANÂBHYÂM
Example :  Eliminate z by putting z =
0 and retain x and y and
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2
factorize thus obtained a
 Eliminate z and retain x, y ; quadratic in x and y by
factorize means of Adyamadyena
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y) sutra.
 Eliminate y and retain x, z;
factorize  Similarly eliminate y and
3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z) retain x and z and factorize
the quadratic in x and z.
 Fill the gaps, the given expression

(3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z)  With these two sets of

factors, fill in the gaps
caused by the elimination
process of z and y
respectively. This gives
actual factors of the
 GUNÌTA SAMUCCAYAH -
SAMUCCAYA GUNÌTAH
Example :  Eliminate z by putting z =
0 and retain x and y and
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2
factorize thus obtained a
 Eliminate z and retain x, y ; quadratic in x and y by
factorize means of Adyamadyena
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y) sutra.
 Eliminate y and retain x, z;
factorize  Similarly eliminate y and
3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z) retain x and z and factorize
the quadratic in x and z.
 Fill the gaps, the given expression

(3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z)  With these two sets of

factors, fill in the gaps
caused by the elimination
process of z and y
respectively. This gives
actual factors of the
 Prepared By:

KRISHNA KUMAR KUMAWAT

Teacher (MATHS)
C.F.D.A.V. Public School,
Gadepan, Kota ( Rajasthan )
India
Ph. 09928407883