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Trapezoidal Rule Edited

The document discusses using the trapezoidal rule to numerically approximate integrals. Specifically: 1) The trapezoidal rule approximates the area under a curve using trapezoids instead of rectangles for a more accurate approximation. 2) It calculates the area of each trapezoid using the formula: Area = (h/2) * (b1 + b2), where h is the change in x (Δx) and b1 and b2 are the y-values at each end of the trapezoid. 3) The total approximate area is the sum of the areas of all the trapezoids from x=a to x=b, using a number (n) of

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Apam Benjamin
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74 views3 pages

Trapezoidal Rule Edited

The document discusses using the trapezoidal rule to numerically approximate integrals. Specifically: 1) The trapezoidal rule approximates the area under a curve using trapezoids instead of rectangles for a more accurate approximation. 2) It calculates the area of each trapezoid using the formula: Area = (h/2) * (b1 + b2), where h is the change in x (Δx) and b1 and b2 are the y-values at each end of the trapezoid. 3) The total approximate area is the sum of the areas of all the trapezoids from x=a to x=b, using a number (n) of

Uploaded by

Apam Benjamin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Trapezoidal Rule

Evaluate the integral function below

We put u = x2 + 1 and as x = 0 1, u = 1 2 So du = 2x dx But the question does not contain an x dx term so we cannot solve it using any of the normal integration methods. We need to use numerical approaches and one of such methods is the trapezoidal rule. Instead of using rectangles, we see that trapezoids (trapeziums) give a better approximation to the area.

Now, the area of a trapezoid (trapezium) is given by:

Area =

h ( p + q) A 2

So the approximate area under the curve is found by adding the area of the trapezoids. (Our trapezoids are rotated 90 so that their new base is actually the height. So h = x.)

Area

1 ( y 0 + y1 ) x + 1 ( y1 + y 2 ) x + 1 ( y 2 + y3 ) x + 2 2 2

y y = x 0 + y1 + y 2 + y 3 + + n 2 2

To find x for the area from x = a to x = b, we use:


x = b a and we also need n

y0 = f(a) y1 = f(a + x) y2 = f(a + 2x) yn = f(b) Example Using n = 5, approximate Here, a = 0 and b = 1.
x = b a 10 = = 0.2 n 5
0 2 +1 = 1
0.2 2 +1 =1.0198039

x 2 +1dx

y0 = f(a) = f(0) =

y1 = f(a + x) = f(0.2) = y2 = f(a + 2x) = f(0.4) = y3 = f(a + 3x) = f(0.6) = y4 = f(a + 4x) = f(0.8) =

0.4 2 +1 =1.0770330
0.6 2 +1 =1.1661904

0.8 2 +1 =1.2806248

y5 = f(b) = f(1) = 12 +1 = 1.4142136


1 1 Area 0.2 1 +1.0198039 +1.0770330 +1.1661904 +1.2806248 + 1.4142136 2 2 = 1.150

So

x 2 +1dx 1.150

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