LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM

Submitted to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering As a part fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In

Electronics and Communication Engineering Of Biju Patnaik University of Technology

Submitted by

SANJIBA KUMAR SAHU Reg.No: 0901204123 Roll: C/09/37

Under the supervision of

Er. Durga Prasad Tripathi

Asst. Prof. & HOD Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING ROLAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURYA VIHAR, BERHAMPUR.

ROLAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SURYA VIHAR, BERHAMPUR. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work titled LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM carried by Mr Sanjiba Ku mar Sahu, Reg. No. 0901204123, is bonafide student of Roland Institute of Technology in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering of the B.P.U.T. during the year 2011-12. It is certified that all corrections / suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment has been incorporated in the Report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide

Signature of the HOD

Signature of the External

Signature of Principal

ABSTRACT
LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM is security system prototype which alarms and awakes people when an unauthorized intruder enters their room. This circuit is low cost and easy to install. Though laser diode is used to operate the system failing of which leads to alarm the buzzer symbolized that someone has accessed the room without the knowledge of user. A simple and effective circuit prototype is developed to work efficiently in the purpose of security.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Gunamani Jena, Principal and Asst. Prof. Durga Prasad Tripathi, H.O.D of ECE Department of Roland Institute of Technology, Berhampur for providing us an opportunity to do ou r project work on LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM. We sincerely thank to our project guide Er. Rasmita Sahu, lecturer, Department of ECE for guidance and encouragement in carrying out this project work we also wish to express our gratitude to the officials and other staff members of the department who rendered their help during the period of my project work. Last but not least we wish to express our sincere gratitude and love to our friends and beloved parents for their manual support, strength, and help and for everything.

SANJIBA KUMAR SAHU Reg.No: 0901204123

TABLE OF CONTENTS
No. 1. Introduction a) Project Proposal 4 5 10 10 11 11 11 13 14 2 3 Page 1

b) Objectives and Scope of the Project 2. System Analysis 3. Feasibility Study a) Operational -

b) Technical and other

4. Requirement Specification 5. System Design -

6. Hardware Platform 7. Project Schedule 8. Testing -

9. Implementation overview 10. Future Scope and Expansion 11. Conclusion 12. Reference -

INTRODUCTION
Project Proposal:
Now a days security is a big concern of people for their safety and secured life and property. And electronics models gives ample of facility to be secure. And this LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM is intended to provide security alarm to a particular location. These two circuits should be installing in shorter distance and in hidden mode thus the unauthorized intruder will not aware of these circuits. Thus its a low cost and efficient circuit it costs about 500 rupees.

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT: Objective:

The main objective is to install a security system based on laser light conveniently at the entrance of home, bank and other similar locations to protect the same from unauthorized access and when desired with low cost and simple circuit to avoid unauthorized entry of people.

Scope of the project:

This system can be used to protect the perimeter of a building by using a cascade arrangement of multiple alarms. It can be used in bank or treasury to protect from thieves by audio alarming to the security persons.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS:
Basically this is a low cost laser based intruder alarm system used to protect the selected locations to strengthen the security system. And is consisted of 2 electronic circuits. Transmitter section Receiver section

Transmitter Section:
In this circuit, a laser beam is developed by the circuit and focused to the phototransistor of receiver circuit.

Receiver section:
In this circuit, the laser beam got received by the phototransistor and when the circuit breaks by anonymous person who blocks the laser beam to be fall on receiver section, and then the piezobuzzer sounds loudly. And when the laser beam again falls on the phototransistor of receiver section the buzzer calms and becomes silent.

FEASIBILITY STUDY:
Operational:
The total operation is carried out by low power dc supply, though the feasible is to use a 9v pp3 battery and the space between these two circuits should be minimum and in the range within the laser beam can be easily focused to receiver section.

Technical Feasibility:
In both sections, the IC 7805 should used to provide constant 5v dc supply to the circuits. An op-amp LM356 (low voltage high power audio amplifier) should be used to function the buzzer in low DC power. A timer IC 555 should be used to regulate the buzzer.

Other:
It will work only when the laser beam of transmitter circuit will fall exactly and constantly on the phototransistor of receiver section. By falling that this model will not work properly.

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION:
Transmitter Section:
IC 1- 7805 Capacitors -10, 25v, 0.1 , Resistors- 47, Laser diode 9v battery Switch

Receiver Section:
ICs- 7805, LM356, 555 Capacitors- 0.1 , 0.01 , 10 ,16v Resistors- 1k, 10k, 22k, 47k, 1m Transistors- L14F1, BC548 Diode- 1N4007 Piezo buzzer Switch

SYSTEM DESIGN:
These circuits are designed in less area PCB and we designed it in such a way that it consumes less energy and works efficiently. Also this is a low cost and easy to install security model.

Power Supply:
A 9v pp3 battery is used and is activated by a switch. IC 7805 is used to provide constant dc supply of 5v.

IC7805:
Its used to regulate 5v as long as its input remains equal to or more than 7.5 v, thus ensuring a constant drive current for the laser diode.

LASER DIODE:
The laser diode (LDl) can be replaced with a laser pointer (torch) emitting red laser beam. The laser pointer itself can be used as a transmitter.

IC LM356:
The receiver circuit (shown in Fig.2) is basically a current-to-voltage converter built around IC LM356 (lC3). The output of IC3 is fed to the mono-stable built around 555 timer (IC4). The high output of the mono-stable drives the piezobuzzer to sound an audio alarm.

IC 555:
When the laser beam falling on photo transistor T1 is interrupted by someone, the output of op-amp IC3 goes low and IC3 produces a pulse. This pulse triggers monostable IC4 and its output goes high to sound the alarm for a time period of about R8xC8. At pin 3 of IC4, should get a positive-going pulse of one-second duration beginning with high-to-low edge of the trigger pulse appearing at pin 2 of IC4 or collector of transistor T2.

PHOTO TRANSISTOR:
Its used to receive the laser beam from the transmitter section.

Resistors
Resistors are the most commonly used component in electronics and their purpose is to create specified values of current and voltage in a circuit. A number of different resistors are shown in the fig. (The resistors are on millimeter paper, with 1cm spacing to give some idea of the dimensions).

Fig: Some low-power resistors The symbol for a resistor is shown in the following diagram (upper: American symbol, lower: European symbol.)

Fig: Resistor symbols

TRANSISTOR BC548:
The BC548 is a general purpose epitaxial silicon NPN bipolar junction transistor found commonly in European electronic equipment. The part number is assigned by Pro Electron, which allows many manufacturers to offer electrically and physically interchangeable parts under one identification. The BC548 is commonly available in European Union countries. It is often the first type of bipolar transistor young hobbyists encounter, and is often featured in circuit diagrams and designs published in hobby electronics magazines. If the plastic TO-92 package is held in front of one's face with the flat side facing toward you and the leads downward, (see picture) the order of the leads, from left to right is collector, base, emitter. This device is designed for use as general purpose amplifiers and switches requiring collector currents to 300 mA. Specifications Devices registered to this Pro Electron number must have minimum performance characteristics. Breakdown voltage, with base open VCBO = 30 V Rated collector current IC = 100 mA Rated total power dissipation Ptotal = 500 mW Transition frequency (gain-bandwidth product) ft = 300 MHz

ON/OFF SWITCHES:
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is none conducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a "toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for "off") type. A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another work piece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. For example, a thermostat is a temperature-operated switch used to control a heating process. A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock.

HARDWARE PLATFORM:
These circuits are modeled on two different PCBs, and are connected through connecting wires. Two PCBs are modeled in such a way that the space between them should be minimum.

PROJECT SCHEDULE:
Collection of information and concept of this project. Collecting necessary instruments and circuit components to assemble them. With the help of digital multimeter tested all components and assembled the whole circuit. Tested for the final output, an audio alarm was buzzed when the laser beam was interrupted by someone. Modeled on a board.

TESTING:
Initially tested all components by digital multimeter. Final testing for the check of output by interrupting the laser beam.

Got low intensity laser beam and optimized it by proper connection.

IMPLEMENTATION OVERVIEW:
This can be implemented at the entrance of a hall or any other locations but not in a open area to prevent the unauthorized entry of people to the prohibited room. i.e. bank, home, office. General people can use it though its low cost and easy to install. The user will get an audio alarm when an unauthorized entry will be occurred in real time.

FUTURE SCOPE AND EXPANSION:

Though this a security system, its in a demand of the society forever. And some modification will be done to use it in a best way.

For eg. A GSM module will installed with this which will inform to the user by a sms notification of unauthorized entry even if the user is out of station and unable to hear the audio alarm. If a night vision small security camera will used in this circuit, which will take snap of unauthorized persons who wants to enter the room. Without the knowledge of intruder itll take and store the snaps. And will take the snap only when the laser light got interrupted by anyone. Then it can conclude as a smart security system.

CONCLUSION:
Many people dont uses the security electronics products at home or office even they have the necessity. Due to the high cost security solutions. This prototype will help them a lot and instant alarm will aware them in real time.

REFERRENCE
Efy magazine, an article written by RAJ K. GORKHALI www.electronicsforyou.com www.wekipediathe.com www.electronicsprojects.com